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ASTM C1357-04a

(Test Method)

Standard Test Methods for Evaluating Masonry Bond Strength

Standard Test Methods for Evaluating Masonry Bond Strength

SCOPE
1.1 These test methods cover the evaluation of flexural bond strength, normal to the bed joints, of masonry built of manufactured masonry units, as determined in accordance with Test Method C 1072. Sampling and testing procedures are referenced, and terms are defined. Two different test methods are specified, each for a different purpose:
1.1.1 The first test method is the "Test Method for Laboratory-Prepared Specimens." Its purpose is to compare the bond strengths (under the given conditions) of masonry mortars. It could be used, for example, to check the quality of mortar products after production, or to indicate the bond strength (under the given conditions) of a mortar product without requiring the product to be tested in combination with many different units. It is not intended to represent field conditions. It uses standard concrete masonry units. Mortars are batched by weight equivalents of volume proportions and are mixed to a prescribed flow. Prisms are constructed using a jig and are bag-cured.
Note 1—Standard fired clay masonry units are under development but are not now available. When their development is complete, they will be incorporated into these test methods.
1.1.2 The second test method is the "Test Method for Field-Prepared Specimens." Its purpose is to evaluate the bond strength (under the given conditions) of a particular unit-mortar combination, either for preconstruction evaluation of materials or for quality control purposes during construction. Mortars are batched conventionally, and the flow is not prescribed. Prisms are constructed conventionally (no jig) and are bag-cured.
1.1.3 The two test methods are not consistent, nor are they intended to be. They are intended to be used for two different purposes. To make this clear, the two methods are presented separately.
1.1.4 Appendix X1 suggests two possible criteria for assessing the bond strength values obtained using these test methods. These possible evaluation criteria are given for illustration only and are not mandatory.
1.2 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regarded as the standard. The values given in parentheses are for information only.
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.

General Information

Status
Historical
Publication Date
30-Nov-2004
ICS
91.080.30 - Masonry
Technical Committee
C15 - Manufactured Masonry Units
Drafting Committee
C15.04 - Research
Current Stage
Ref Project

Relations

Replaces
ASTM C1357-04 - Standard Test Methods for Evaluating Masonry Bond Strength
Effective Date
01-Dec-2004
Replaced By
ASTM C1357-05 - Standard Test Methods for Evaluating Masonry Bond Strength
Effective Date
14-Apr-2005
Referred By
ASTM C183/C183M-23 - Standard Practice for Sampling and the Amount of Testing of Hydraulic Cement
Effective Date
01-Dec-2004
Referred By
ASTM C901-18 - Standard Specification for Prefabricated Masonry Panels
Effective Date
01-Dec-2004

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ASTM C1357-04a - Standard Test Methods for Evaluating Masonry Bond Strength
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NOTICE: This standard has either been superseded and replaced by a new version or withdrawn. Contact ASTM
International (www.astm.org) for the latest information.
Designation:C1357–04a
Standard Test Methods for
1
Evaluating Masonry Bond Strength
This standard is issued under the fixed designation C 1357; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (e) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
INTRODUCTION
Bond strength between mortar and masonry units is an important physical property of masonry.
Increased bond strength provides greater resistance to loads and to cracking. Bond strength therefore
influences structural integrity and serviceability.
1. Scope 1.1.3 The two test methods are not consistent, nor are they
intended to be. They are intended to be used for two different
1.1 Thesetestmethodscovertheevaluationofflexuralbond
purposes. To make this clear, the two methods are presented
strength, normal to the bed joints, of masonry built of manu-
separately.
factured masonry units, as determined in accordance with Test
1.1.4 AppendixX1suggeststwopossiblecriteriaforassess-
Method C 1072. Sampling and testing procedures are refer-
ing the bond strength values obtained using these test methods.
enced, and terms are defined. Two different test methods are
Thesepossibleevaluationcriteriaaregivenforillustrationonly
specified, each for a different purpose:
and are not mandatory.
1.1.1 The first test method is the “Test Method for
1.2 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regarded
Laboratory-PreparedSpecimens.”Itspurposeistocomparethe
as the standard. The values given in parentheses are for
bond strengths (under the given conditions) of masonry mor-
information only.
tars. It could be used, for example, to check the quality of
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the
mortar products after production, or to indicate the bond
safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the
strength (under the given conditions) of a mortar product
responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-
without requiring the product to be tested in combination with
priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-
many different units. It is not intended to represent field
bility of regulatory limitations prior to use.
conditions. It uses standard concrete masonry units. Mortars
are batched by weight equivalents of volume proportions and
2. Referenced Documents
are mixed to a prescribed flow. Prisms are constructed using a
2
2.1 ASTM Standards:
jig and are bag-cured.
C67 Test Methods of Sampling and Testing Brick and
NOTE 1—Standard fired clay masonry units are under development but
Structural Clay Tile
are not now available. When their development is complete, they will be
C 140 Test Methods of Sampling and Testing Concrete
incorporated into these test methods.
Masonry Units
1.1.2 The second test method is the “Test Method for
C 230 Specification for Flow Table for Use in Tests of
Field-Prepared Specimens.” Its purpose is to evaluate the bond
Hydraulic Cement
strength(underthegivenconditions)ofaparticularunit-mortar
C 270 Specification for Mortar for Unit Masonry
combination, either for preconstruction evaluation of materials
C 780 Test Method for Preconstruction and Construction
orforqualitycontrolpurposesduringconstruction.Mortarsare
Evaluation of Mortars for Plain and Reinforced Unit
batched conventionally, and the flow is not prescribed. Prisms
Masonry
are constructed conventionally (no jig) and are bag-cured.
C 1072 Test Method for Measurement of Masonry Flexural
Bond Strength
1
These test methods are under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee C15 on
2
Manufactured Masonry Units and are the direct responsibility of Subcommittee For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or
C15.05 on Masonry Assemblies. contact ASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM
Current edition approved Dec. 1, 2004. Published January 2005. Originally Standards volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on
approved in 1996. Last previous edition approved in 2002 as C 1357–02. the ASTM website.
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959, United States.
1

---------------------- Page: 1 ----------------------
NOTICE: This standard has either been superseded and replaced by a new version or withdrawn. Contact ASTM
International (www.astm.org) for the latest information.
C1357–04a
C 1437 Test Method for Flow of Hydraulic Cement Mortar shall it be interpreted as an indication of extent of bond for
2.2 Other Documents: purposes of water permeability evaluation.
Building Code Requirements for Masonry Structures (ACI
3 6. Apparatus
530-99/ASCE 5-99/TMS 402-99)
4
NBS Handbook
...

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5.1 This test method provides a means of evaluating the horizontal in-plane shear behavior of mortar joints in existing unreinforced masonry assemblies (see Note 2).
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FIG. 2 Test Setup—Method B  
1.1.3 Method C (with Flatjack Applying Horizontal Load)—For determining mortar joint shear strength index using an estimate of the normal compressive stress at the location of the test site, as shown in Fig. 3. Horizontal displacement of the test unit is generally not measured during this procedure.
FIG. 3 Test Setup—Method C  
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1.1 This standard incorporates generic terms and generic definitions of terms specifically associated with manufactured masonry units and masonry constructed with manufactured masonry units. These generic terms and definitions are used within the standards developed by Committee C12 on Mortars and Grouts for Unit Masonry and Committee C15 on Manufactured Masonry Units.  
1.2 This standard incorporates terms and definitions of terms associated with the standards specific to clay masonry units, in particular to Specifications C32, C34, C56, C62, C126, C212, C216, C279, C410, C530, C652, C902, C1088, C1167, C1261, C1272, and C1405, and to Test Methods C67/C67M.  
1.3 This standard incorporates terms and definitions of terms associated with the standards specific to concrete masonry units in particular to Specifications C55, C73, C90, C129, C139, C744, C1319, C1372, C1491, C1623, and C1634 and to Test Methods C140/C140M, C426, and C1262/C1262M.  
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1.5 This standard incorporates terms and definitions of terms associated with the standards specific to clay and concrete roofing tile units in particular to Specifications C1167 and C1492 and to Test Methods C1568, C1569, and C1570.  
1.6 For terminology specific to mortar and grout, see Terminology C1180.  
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4.1 This test method provides information that aids in evaluating the effect of four principal variables: materials, coatings, wall design, and workmanship.  
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1.2 The values stated in either SI units or inch-pound units are to be regarded separately as standard. The values stated in each system may not be exact equivalents; therefore, each system shall be used independently of the other. Combining values from the two systems may result in non-conformance with the standard.  
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Standard Guide for Developing Specifications for Masonry Units

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5.2 ASTM specifications are not intended for proprietary products, but rather for a class of products that multiple manufacturers can produce, and are intended to ensure performance using those constituent materials or processes. Therefore, specific attributes that only relate to a specific brand should be avoided.  
5.3 This guide does not identify the complete range of considerations that may be required for a masonry unit manufactured using a non-traditional material. Traditional masonry units possess intrinsic properties that are commonly associated with masonry including but not limited to strength, fire resistance, durability, thermal and acoustical attributes.  
5.4 Non-traditional masonry unit products may meet all the physical property requirements of an existing ASTM standard unit specification, when tested using ASTM standard test methods. Nevertheless, performance of non-traditional masonry units is not assured since the intrinsic properties that are associated with traditional masonry units and assemblies may not be specifically evaluated through testing for specification compliance. Additionally, compliance with the physical properties in existing unit specifications does not mean that non-traditional units are in compliance with those specifications as traditional unit standards are only applicable to units produced with those materials and processes defined within that specification (refer to Appendix X1).
SCOPE
1.1 This guide provides general guidance for developing ASTM unit specification for masonry units manufactured with constituent materials, manufacturing methods, and combinations thereof, that are not included in a current ASTM standard. This guide shall not be construed as permitting the use of a product conflicting with requirements of the governing building code.  
1.2 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.  
1.3 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

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ASTM
ASTM C1780-23a(Practice)
Standard Practice for Installation Methods for Cement-based Adhered Masonry Veneer

SCOPE
1.1 This practice is intended to provide accepted procedures to designers and installers of cement-based adhered masonry veneer in residential and commercial construction. This information is meant to complement the specific installation instructions provided by manufacturers of cement-based adhered masonry veneers and recognized building codes, but is not meant to replace them. This practice does not address installation methods or techniques for all materials in the building envelope. This practice covers the installation of cement-based adhered masonry veneer units for application as adhered veneer to exterior and interior walls, columns, landscape structures and other structures suitable to receive adhered veneer. The units included in this practice are manufactured to meet the requirements of Specification C1670/C1670M or C1877. This practice is limited to the installation of units. This practice does not cover all flashing or moisture management requirements. Refer to the applicable building code and project documents for additional flashing and moisture management requirements.
Note 1: The National Concrete Masonry Association (NCMA) publication Installation Guide and Detailing Options for Compliance with ASTM C1780 for Adhered Manufactured Stone Veneer provides generally accepted methods and details for installation and flashing for manufactured stone veneer.
Note 2: This standard was developed for the installation of cement-based adhered veneer units manufactured from wet-cast concrete or dry-cast concrete. Refer to Guide C1242 for installation of adhered natural stone veneer.  
1.2 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regarded as standard. The values given in parentheses are mathematical conversions to SI units that are provided for information only and are not considered standard.  
1.3 All workmanship and materials related to the installation of cement-based adhered masonry veneer units shall meet the requirements of the contract documents and building code having jurisdiction over the project.  
1.4 The text of this standard references notes and footnotes that provide explanatory material. These notes and footnotes (excluding those in tables and figures) shall not be considered as requirements of the standard.  
1.5 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use. (Warning—Fresh hydraulic cementitious mixtures are caustic and may cause chemical burns to skin and tissue upon prolonged exposure.2)  
1.6 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

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