ASTM C1392-00(2005)

NOTICE: This standard has either been superseded and replaced by a new version or withdrawn.
Contact ASTM International (www.astm.org) for the latest information.
Designation:C1392–00(Reapproved2005)
Standard Guide for
Evaluating Failure of Structural Sealant Glazing
This standard is issued under the fixed designation C1392; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope specify the evaluation criteria and interpret the significance of
the results depends upon the level of sophistication of the
1.1 This guide covers a screening approach to detect failure
evaluation program. For example, if statistical and finite
(adhesive or cohesive) of a structural sealant in a structural
element analyses are being incorporated into the evaluation
sealant-glazed window, curtain wall, or other similar system.
program, then the authority should be knowledgeable and
Presently, only a silicone-sealant that is specifically formu-
experienced in these areas.
lated, tested, and marketed as a structural glazing sealant is
3.1.2 competent person, n—a person experienced in the
allowed for structural sealant glazing.
operation of the testing equipment and with an understanding
1.2 The values stated in either acceptable metric units or in
of the construction of the wall system. This person may carry
other units shall be regarded separately as the standard. The
out the field testing under the supervision of the qualified
values stated in each system may not be exact equivalents;
authority.
therefore,eachsystemmustbeusedindependentlyoftheother,
without combining values in any way.
4. Summary of Guide
1.3 There are no ISO standards similar or equivalent to this
4.1 This guide uses deflection measurements obtained from
ASTM standard.
localized applied loads to determine locations of sealant failure
1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the
in an installed structural sealant glazing system.
safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the
4.2 Initially, the deflection of an existing lite that is fully
responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-
adhered by a structural sealant is measured when a discrete
priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-
edge of the lite is loaded laterally. Subsequently, at a few
bility of regulatory limitations prior to use.
selected lites, the structural sealant is cut intentionally to
2. Referenced Documents simulatefailure,andthedeflectionoftheliteismeasuredatthe
2 same lateral load. This provides the basis for determining
2.1 ASTM Standards:
during subsequent tests of other lites in the system whether the
C717 Terminology of Building Seals and Sealants
sealant has failed.
3. Terminology
4.3 Additional lites are evaluated and their deflections
measured to determine the extent of any structural sealant
3.1 Definitions: Refer to Terminology C717 for the follow-
failure. Structural sealant failure is determined by comparing
ing definitions and description of terms used in this guide:
the measured deflections with the initial measurements of
adhesive failure; cohesive failure; deflection; glazing; joint;
deflection with and without failed (intentionally cut) sealant.
lite; modulus; silicone sealant; structural sealant; structural
sealant glazing; and substrate.
5. Significance and Use
3.1.1 qualified authority, n—a person with a recognized
5.1 This guide suggests a simple means of evaluating the
degree or professional certificate and extensive knowledge and
extent of any failure of a structural sealant in an installed
experience in the particular fields necessary for the evaluation
structural sealant glazing system.
program.The authority’s qualification level that is necessary to
5.2 A qualified authority should specify the criteria de-
scribed in Sections 8 and 9 and should interpret the results and
ThisguideisunderthejurisdictionofASTMCommitteeC24onBuildingSeals
judge their significance for the structural sealant glazing
and Sealants and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee C24.10 on Specifi-
system.
cations, Guides and Practices.
5.3 The evaluation program measures deflection of loaded
Current edition approved Sept. 1, 2005. Published October 2005. Originally
approved in 1998. Last previous edition approved in 2000 as C1392 – 00. DOI:
lites and does not measure directly any structural sealant
10.1520/C1392-00R05.
failure. Consequently, the qualified authority interpreting the
For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or
datashouldalsoevaluatethesourceofanyincreaseddeflection
contact ASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM
that is measured. Increased deflection may be due to structural
Standards volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on
the ASTM website.
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959, United States.
C1392–00 (2005)
sealant adhesive or cohesive failure, but may also be due to a the applied load magnitude, the locations of the applied loads
decrease in sealant modulus, a change in sealant joint dimen- on the lite, and the criteria for failure length. The following
sions, or other nonfailure mechanisms. Selective destructive describes various approaches that can be used to select these
sampling of areas with increased deflections can assist in this parameters, depending upon the sophistication of the evalua-
evaluation.
tion program and the desired results. Depending upon the
parameters selected the procedure can be used as a crude
6. Suggested Apparatus
screening tool or can be correlated to the actual stresses within
6.1 Field Loading Device, provides a frame that can span
the structural sealant joint under an applied load and used as a
beyond the edges of the loaded lite, while supported by suction
rational means of assessing areas of failure that require repair.
cups on the face of adjacent lites or by other means that do not
Using the deflection magnitudes and locations, the initial
adversely affect the stresses in the tested structural sealant and
evaluation establishes the relationship between loaded lite
lite (Fig. 1 and Fig. 2). To permit application of a force
deflections with intact structural sealant and those with failed
perpendicular to the surface of the lite, mount a loading piston
structural sealant.
on the lite, with a suction cup or other means near the edge of
8.2 Applied Load Magnitude—The qualified authority
thelite.Placealoadcellbetweenthesuctioncupandtheframe
specifies the magnitude of the applied load.The load should be
to monitor the applied load. Calibrate the field loading device
large enough to produce significant differences in deflection
andtheloadcellpriortouseonaprojectandimmediatelyafter
between intact and failed sealant areas, that is, the failure
any changes or damage to the device.
length criteria. The applied load can be derived from the
6.2 Deflection Measurement Device, either an extensometer
glazing system’s lateral design loads through computer mod-
with a dial gage mounted on an adjacent lite or a straight edge
eling (finite element analysis), if it is necessary to relate the
with feeler gages, of length equal to the length of the edge of
testing to a design load and stress.
the lite. The device should be accurate to within 10 % of the
8.2.1 An initial evaluation will determine whether the ap-
measured deflection.
plied load is large enough to produce significant differences in
7. Sampling
deflectionbetweenareaswithintactstructuralsealantandthose
7.1 The qualified authority should specify the locations, with failed structural sealant. Excessive loads may crack the
distribution, and number of applied loads for the structural
glazing material.
sealant glazing system. Sections 8 and 9 discuss various
8.3 Applied Load Locations on a Lite—The evaluation
approaches to this selection process.
procedure involves application of a local load to a discrete
portion of the edge of a lite. Therefore, a single application
8. Establishing Deflection and Sealant Failure
doesnotnecessarilyevaluateastructuralsealantjointalongthe
Relationship
entire edge of a lite. The stress distribution in the structural
8.1 Summary of Procedure—Establishing the deflection/
sealant from the applied load is a function of many variables,
failure relationship requires the specifying authority to select
including the relative stiffness of the sealant and glazing
material, the location of the suction cup, and any resistance
from setting blocks or similar items. The qualified authority
should spe
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