ASTM F2180-02

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Designation: F 2180 – 02
Standard Specification for
Metallic Implantable Strands and Cables
This standard is issued under the fixed designation F 2180; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (e) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope F 1314 Specification for Wrought Nitrogen Strengthened-
22Chromium-12.5Nickel-5Manganese-2.5Molybdenum
1.1 This specification covers the materials, dimensional
Stainless Steel Bar and Wire for Surgical Implants (UNS
tolerances, constructions, and mechanical properties for stan-
S20910)
dard metallic implantable strands and cables.
F 1341 Specification for Unalloyed Titanium Wire (UNS
1.2 This specification is intended to assist in the develop-
R50250)
ment of specific strand and cable specifications. It is particu-
2.2 American Society for Quality (ASQ) Standard:
larly appropriate for high load bearing applications. It is not
C1 Specification of General Requirements for a Quality
intended however, to address all of the possible variations in
Program
construction, material, or properties.
2.3 Department of Defense Specifications:
1.3 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as
MIL-DTL-83420J Wire Rope, Flexible, For Aircraft Con-
standard. The inch-pound equivalents may be approximate.
trol
2. Referenced Documents
MIL-DTL-83420/1B Wire Rope, Flexible, Type 1, Compo-
sition A
2.1 ASTM Standards:
MIL-DTL-83420/2B Wire Rope, Flexible, Type 1, Compo-
E 8 Test Methods forTensionTesting of Metallic Materials
sition B
F 86 Practice for Surface Preparation and Marking of Sur-
gical Implants
3. Terminology
F 90 Specification for Wrought Cobalt-Chromium-
3.1 Definitions:
Tungsten-Nickel Alloy for Surgical Implant Applications
3.1.1 cable—a group of strands helically twisted together.
F 136 Specification for Wrought Titanium 6Al-4V ELI
3.1.2 diameter—the distance between opposing points
Alloy for Surgical Implant Applications
across the circle circumscribing either the strand or cable as
F 138 Specification for Wrought 18Chromium-14Nickel
illustrated in Figs. 1 and 2 (see MIL-DTL-83420J, MIL-DTL-
2.5Molybdenum Stainless Steel Bar and Wire for Surgical
3 83420/1B and MIL-DTL-83420/2B).
Implants
3.1.3 lay (or twist)—the helical form taken by the wires in
F 562 Specification for Wrought Cobalt-35Nickel-
a strand and by the strands in a cable (see MIL-DTL-83420J).
20Chromium-10Molybdenum Alloy for Surgical Implant
In a “Right Lay” situation, the wires of the strand (or the
Applications
strands in a cable) are oriented in the same direction as the
F 1058 Specification for Wrought Cobalt-Chromium-
thread on a right-hand screw.
Nickel-Molybdenum-Iron Alloy for Surgical Implant Ap-
3 3.1.4 length of lay (or pitch)—the distance parallel to the
plications (UNS R30003 and R30008)
axisofthestrand(orcable)inwhichthewire(orstrand)makes
F 1295 Specification for Wrought Titanium-6Aluminum-
3 one complete turn about the axis.
7Niobium Alloy for Surgical Implant Applications
3.1.5 M3N—the construction designation for strands and
cables. In this construction designation M represents the
This specification is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee F04 on
Medical and Surgical Materials and Devices and is the direct responsibility of
Subcommittee F04.21 on Osteosynthesis. Available from the American Society for Quality (ASQ), 600 N. Plankinton
Current edition approved Apr. 10, 2002. Published June 2002. Ave., Milwaukee, WI 53203.
2 5
Annual Book of ASTM Standards, Vol 03.01. Available from DODSSP, Building 4, Section D, 700 Robbins Ave., Philadel-
Annual Book of ASTM Standards, Vol 13.01. phia, PA 19111–5098.
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959, United States.
F 2180
FIG. 1 Standard Stranding Constructions
FIG. 2 Standard Cabling Constructions
number of strands in the cable and N represents the number of 5.1.4 Condition,
wires in each strand. Some examples of strand constructions
5.1.5 Construction,
are 137 and 133. Similar examples of cable constructions are
5.1.6 Applicable dimensions, including diameter, length(s)
737 and 7319.
of lay, and length,
3.1.6 strand—a group of wires helically twisted together.
5.1.7 Mechanical properties, including breaking force,
3.1.7 wire—an individual element (typically a cylindrical
5.1.8 Special requirements, and
rod) making up a strand.
5.1.9 Special tests.
4. General Requirements
6. Materials and Manufacture
4.1 In addition to the requirements of this specification, all
requirements of the current editions of Specifications F 90,
6.1 Wires—Implantable strands and cables shall be manu-
F 136, F 138, F 562, F 1058, F 1295, F 1314, and F 1341 shall
factured using equivalent size wires.
apply.
6.2 Condition—Implantable strands and cables shall be
4.2 In cases of conflict between this specification and those
supplied in the cold-worked, cold-worked and stress-relieved,
listed in 2.1, this specification shall take precedence.
or annealed condition.
6.3 Finish—Types of finish available in strands and cables
5. Ordering Information
are cold-drawn, pickled, swaged, or as specified by customer.
5.1 Inquiries and orders under this specification shall in-
clude the following information:
7. Stranding
5.1.1 Quantity (weight, length, or number of pieces),
5.1.2 ASTM designation, 7.1 The standard strand constructions are illustrated in Fig.
5.1.3 Material (ASTM designation), 1. These constructions are described in the following manner:
F 2180
7.1.1 133 Strand—This construction is characterized by a 11. Mechanical Requirements
left-hand lay with a uniform pitch of 4 to 10 times the nominal
11.1 TeststrandsandcablesinaccordancewithTestMethod
strand diameter.
E 8. When tensile testing strands and cables, use a gage length
7.1.2 137 Strand—This construction is characterized by a
of 254 mm (10 in.).
left-hand lay with a uniform pitch of 8 to 16 times the nominal
11.2 Use the following formulas for determining the effec-
strand diameter.
tive cross-sectional area for standard construction strands or
7.1.3 1319 Strand—This construction is characterized by
cables being tested (see section X1.4). The variable “D” in
an inner 137 strand with a right hand lay and a uniform pitch
each equation is the measured diameter of the strand or cable.
of 8 to 12 times the nominal strand diameter. The outer 12 2
11.2.1 133 strand—3p(D/4.15) .
wires have a left hand lay with a uniform pitch of 9 to 11 times 2
11.2.2 137 strand—7p(D/6) .
the nominal strand diameter.
11.2.3 1319 strand—19p(D/10) .
7.2 Strandsmaybeorderedtoconstructionsotherthanthose
11.2.4 737 cable—49p(D/18) .
specified above as determined by customer and supplier.
11.2.5 7319 cable—133p(D/30) .
11.3 Calculate the minimum breaking force for standard
8. Cabling
construction strands and cables by multiplying the material’s
8.1 The standard cabling constructions are illustrated in Fig.
tensile strength found in Table 2 times th
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