ASTM E2214-12e1
(Practice)Standard Practice for Specifying and Verifying the Performance of Color-Measuring Instruments
Standard Practice for Specifying and Verifying the Performance of Color-Measuring Instruments
SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
5.1 In today's commerce, instrument makers and instrument users must deal with a large array of bench-top and portable color-measuring instruments, many with different geometric and spectral characteristics. At the same time, manufacturers of colored goods are adopting quality management systems that require periodic verification of the performance of the instruments that are critical to the quality of the final product. The technology involved in optics and electro-optics has progressed greatly over the last decade. The result has been a generation of instruments that are both more affordable and higher in performance. What had been a tool for the research laboratory is now available to the retail point of sale, to manufacturing, to design and to corporate communications. New documentary standards have been published that encourage the use of colorimeters, spectrocolorimeters, and colorimetric spetrometers in applications previously dominated by visual expertise or by filter densitometers.7 Therefore, it is necessary to determine if an instrument is suitable to the application and to verify that an instrument or instruments are working within the required operating parameters.
5.2 This practice provides descriptions of some common instrumental parameters that relate to the way an instrument will contribute to the quality and consistency of the production of colored goods. It also describes some of the material standards required to assess the performance of a color-measuring instrument and suggests some tests and test reports to aid in verifying the performance of the instrument relative to its intended application.
SCOPE
1.1 This practice provides standard terms and procedures for describing and characterizing the performance of spectral and filter based instruments designed to measure and compute the colorimetric properties of materials and objects. It does not set the specifications but rather gives the format and process by which specifications can be determined, communicated and verified.
1.2 This practice does not describe methods that are generally applicable to visible-range spectroscopic instruments used for analytical chemistry (UV-VIS spectrophotometers). ASTM Committee E13 on Molecular Spectroscopy and Chromatography includes such procedures in standards under their jurisdiction.
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.
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Designation: E2214 − 12
Standard Practice for
Specifying and Verifying the Performance of Color-
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Measuring Instruments
This standard is issued under the fixed designation E2214; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision.Anumber in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval.A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
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ε NOTE—Reference to Fig. 1 and Fig. 2 and corrections in the table in A1.3.1 were made editorially in September 2013.
INTRODUCTION
Recent advances in optics, electronics and documentary standard have resulted in a proliferation of
instruments for the measurement of color and appearance of materials and objects.These instruments
possessverygoodperformancebuttherehasbeenlittleprogresstowardstandardizingtheterminology
and procedures to quantify that performance. Therefore, the commercial literature and even some
documentary standards are a mass of confusing terms, numbers and specifications that are impossible
to compare or interpret.
Two recent papers in the literature, have proposed terms and procedures to standardize the
specification, comparison and verification of the level of performance of a color-measuring
2,3
instrument. Followingthoseprocedures,thosespecificationscanbecomparedtoproducttolerances.
Thisbecomesimportantsothatinstrumentusersandinstrumentmakerscanagreeonhowtocompare
or verify, or both, that their instruments are performing in the field as they were designed and tested
in the factory.
1. Scope 1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the
safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the
1.1 This practice provides standard terms and procedures
responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-
for describing and characterizing the performance of spectral
priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-
and filter based instruments designed to measure and compute
bility of regulatory limitations prior to use.
the colorimetric properties of materials and objects. It does not
setthespecificationsbutrathergivestheformatandprocessby
2. Referenced Documents
which specifications can be determined, communicated and 4
2.1 ASTM Standards:
verified.
D2244Practice for Calculation of Color Tolerances and
Color Differences from Instrumentally Measured Color
1.2 This practice does not describe methods that are gener-
Coordinates
ally applicable to visible-range spectroscopic instruments used
E284Terminology of Appearance
for analytical chemistry (UV-VIS spectrophotometers).ASTM
E1164PracticeforObtainingSpectrometricDataforObject-
Committee E13 on Molecular Spectroscopy and Chromatog-
Color Evaluation
raphy includes such procedures in standards under their juris-
2.2 Other Documents:
diction.
ISO VIM International Vocabulary of Basic and General
5
Terms in Metrology (VIM)
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This practice is under the jurisdiction ofASTM Committee E12 on Color and
Appearance and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee E12.04 on Color and
Appearance Analysis.
Current edition approved July 1, 2012. Published August 2012. Originally
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approved in 2002. Last previous edition approved in 2008 as E2214–08 . DOI: For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or
10.1520/E2214-12E01. contact ASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM
2
Ladson, J., “Colorimetric Data Comparison of Bench-Top and Portable Standards volumeinformation,refertothestandard’sDocumentSummarypageon
Instruments,” AIC Interim Meeting, Colorimetry, Berlin, 1995. the ASTM website.
3 5
Rich, D., “Standardized Terminology and Procedures for Specifying and ISO/IDE/OIML/BIPM, International Vocabulary of Basic and General Terms
Verifying the Performance of Spectrocolorimeters,” AIC Color 97 Kyoto, Kyoto, in Metrology, International Organization for Standardization, Geneva, Switzerland,
1997. 1984.
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States
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E2214 − 12
NIST Technical Note 1297Guidelines for Evaluating and of readings. MCDM = average(∆E(average(Lab)− Lab)), for
i i
Expressing the Uncertainty of NIST Measurement Re- i=1to N readings. Any standard color difference or color
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sults tolerance equation can be used as long as the report clearly
identifies the equation being used (see Practice D2244).
3. Terminology
4. Summary of Practice
3.1 Definitions of appearance terms in Terminology E284
4.1 This practice defines standardized terms for the most
are applicable to this practice.
common instrument measurement performance parameters
3.2 Definitions of metrology terms in ISO, International
(repeatability, reproducibility,
...
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