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ASTM E1447-22

(Test Method)

Standard Test Method for Determination of Hydrogen in Reactive Metals and Reactive Metal Alloys by Inert Gas Fusion with Detection by Thermal Conductivity or Infrared Spectrometry

Standard Test Method for Determination of Hydrogen in Reactive Metals and Reactive Metal Alloys by Inert Gas Fusion with Detection by Thermal Conductivity or Infrared Spectrometry

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
5.1 This test method is intended for the routine analysis of reactive metals and reactive metal alloys to verify compliance with compositional specifications such as those specified by Committees B09 and B10. It is expected that all who use this test method will be trained analysts capable of performing common laboratory procedures skillfully and safely. It is expected that the work will be performed in a properly equipped laboratory.
SCOPE
1.1 This test method applies to the determination of hydrogen in reactive metals and reactive metal alloys, particularly titanium and zirconium, with mass fractions from 9 mg/kg to 320 mg/kg.  
1.2 This method has been interlaboratory tested for titanium and zirconium and alloys of these metals and can provide quantitative results in the range specified in 1.1. It may be possible to extend the quantitative range of this method provided a method validation study, as described in Guide E2857, is performed and the results of the study show the method extension meets laboratory data quality objectives. This method may also be extended to alloys other than titanium and zirconium provided a method validation study, as described in Guide E2857, is performed.  
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use. For specific hazards, see Section 9.  
1.4 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

General Information

Status
Published
Publication Date
31-May-2022
ICS
77.120.50 - Titanium and titanium alloys
Technical Committee
E01 - Analytical Chemistry for Metals, Ores, and Related Materials
Drafting Committee
E01.06 - Ti, Zr, W, Mo, Ta, Nb, Hf, Re
Current Stage
Ref Project

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ASTM E1447-22 - Standard Test Method for Determination of Hydrogen in Reactive Metals and Reactive Metal Alloys by Inert Gas Fusion with Detection by Thermal Conductivity or Infrared SpectrometryASTM E1447-22 - Standard Test Method for Determination of Hydrogen in Reactive Metals and Reactive Metal Alloys by Inert Gas Fusion with Detection by Thermal Conductivity or Infrared Spectrometry
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REDLINE ASTM E1447-22 - Standard Test Method for Determination of Hydrogen in Reactive Metals and Reactive Metal Alloys by Inert Gas Fusion with Detection by Thermal Conductivity or Infrared SpectrometryREDLINE ASTM E1447-22 - Standard Test Method for Determination of Hydrogen in Reactive Metals and Reactive Metal Alloys by Inert Gas Fusion with Detection by Thermal Conductivity or Infrared Spectrometry
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REDLINE ASTM E1447-22 - Standard Test Method for Determination of Hydrogen in Reactive Metals and Reactive Metal Alloys by Inert Gas Fusion with Detection by Thermal Conductivity or Infrared Spectrometry
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Standards Content (Sample)

This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the
Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
Designation: E1447 − 22
Standard Test Method for
Determination of Hydrogen in Reactive Metals and Reactive
Metal Alloys by Inert Gas Fusion with Detection by Thermal
1
Conductivity or Infrared Spectrometry
This standard is issued under the fixed designation E1447; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope E29 Practice for Using Significant Digits in Test Data to
Determine Conformance with Specifications
1.1 This test method applies to the determination of hydro-
E50 Practices for Apparatus, Reagents, and Safety Consid-
gen in reactive metals and reactive metal alloys, particularly
erations for Chemical Analysis of Metals, Ores, and
titanium and zirconium, with mass fractions from 9 mg⁄kg to
Related Materials
320 mg⁄kg.
E135 Terminology Relating to Analytical Chemistry for
1.2 This method has been interlaboratory tested for titanium
Metals, Ores, and Related Materials
and zirconium and alloys of these metals and can provide
E691 Practice for Conducting an Interlaboratory Study to
quantitative results in the range specified in 1.1. It may be
Determine the Precision of a Test Method
possible to extend the quantitative range of this method
E1601 Practice for Conducting an Interlaboratory Study to
provided a method validation study, as described in Guide
Evaluate the Performance of an Analytical Method
E2857, is performed and the results of the study show the
E2857 Guide for Validating Analytical Methods
method extension meets laboratory data quality objectives.
E2972 Guide for Production, Testing, and ValueAssignment
Thismethodmayalsobeextendedtoalloysotherthantitanium
of In-House Reference Materials for Metals, Ores, and
and zirconium provided a method validation study, as de-
Other Related Materials
scribed in Guide E2857, is performed.
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the
3. Terminology
safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the
3.1 Definitions—For definitions of terms used in this test
responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-
method, see Terminology E135.
priate safety, health, and environmental practices and deter-
3.2 Definitions of Terms Specific to This Standard:
mine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.
3.2.1 drift correction, n—a procedure for normalizing the
For specific hazards, see Section 9.
instrument response to account for drift of sensitivity or blank,
1.4 This international standard was developed in accor-
or both.
dance with internationally recognized principles on standard-
ization established in the Decision on Principles for the 3.2.1.1 Discussion—A drift correction procedure is used to
Development of International Standards, Guides and Recom- adjusttheresponseofaninstrumenttomaintaintheviabilityof
mendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical an existing calibration. A full correction of drift encompasses
Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee. both the blank and the sensitivity. A full drift correction
requires measurements of two points to establish correction
2. Referenced Documents factors, one for blank and one for sensitivity. A single correc-
2
tion for sensitivity may provide enough adjustment in instru-
2.1 ASTM Standards:
ment response to restore statistical control. Drift correction
assumes the linearity of the instrument response has not
changed.
1
This test method is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee E01 on
Analytical Chemistry for Metals, Ores, and Related Materials and is the direct
responsibility of Subcommittee E01.06 on Ti, Zr, W, Mo, Ta, Nb, Hf, Re. 4. Summary of Test Method
Current edition approved June 1, 2022. Published June 2022. Originally
4.1 The specimen is added to a small, single-use graphite
approved in 1992. Last previous edition approved in 2016 as E1447 – 09(2016).
DOI: 10.1520/E1447-22.
crucible with tin or nickel flux, or both, and fused under a
2
For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or
flowing carrier gas atmosphere. Hydrogen present in the
contact ASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM
specimen is released as molecular hydrogen into the flowing
Standards volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on
the ASTM website. gas stream.
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States
1

---------------------- Page: 1 ----------------------
E1447 −
...

This document is not an ASTM standard and is intended only to provide the user of an ASTM standard an indication of what changes have been made to the previous version. Because
it may not be technically possible to adequately depict all changes accurately, ASTM recommends that users consult prior editions as appropriate. In all cases only the current version
of the standard as published by ASTM is to be considered the official document.
Designation: E1447 − 09 (Reapproved 2016) E1447 − 22
Standard Test Method for
Determination of Hydrogen in Titanium and Titanium
Reactive Metals and Reactive Metal Alloys by Inert Gas
Fusion Thermal Conductivity/Infrared Detection Methodwith
Detection by Thermal Conductivity or Infrared
1
Spectrometry
This standard is issued under the fixed designation E1447; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope
1.1 This test method applies to the determination of hydrogen in titanium and titanium alloys in concentrations from
0.0006 %reactive metals and reactive metal alloys, particularly titanium and zirconium, with mass fractions from 9 mg ⁄kg to
0.0260 %.320 mg ⁄kg.
1.2 The values stated in SI units are This method has been interlaboratory tested for titanium and zirconium and alloys of these
metals and can provide quantitative results in the range specified in 1.1to . It may be possible to extend the quantitative range of
this method provided a method validation study, as described in Guide E2857be regarded as standard. No other units of
measurement are included in this, is performed and the results of the study show the method extension meets laboratory data
quality objectives. This method may also be extended to alloys other than titanium and zirconium provided a method validation
study, as described in Guide E2857standard., is performed.
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility
of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety safety, health, and healthenvironmental practices and determine the
applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use. For specific hazards, see Section 9.
1.4 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization
established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued
by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
2. Referenced Documents
2
2.1 ASTM Standards:
C696E29 Test Methods for Chemical, Mass Spectrometric, and Spectrochemical Analysis of Nuclear-Grade Uranium Dioxide
Powders and PelletsPractice for Using Significant Digits in Test Data to Determine Conformance with Specifications
E50 Practices for Apparatus, Reagents, and Safety Considerations for Chemical Analysis of Metals, Ores, and Related Materials
E135 Terminology Relating to Analytical Chemistry for Metals, Ores, and Related Materials
E691 Practice for Conducting an Interlaboratory Study to Determine the Precision of a Test Method
1
This test method is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee E01 on Analytical Chemistry for Metals, Ores, and Related Materials and is the direct responsibility of
Subcommittee E01.06 on Ti, Zr, W, Mo, Ta, Nb, Hf, Re.
Current edition approved Aug. 1, 2016June 1, 2022. Published August 2016June 2022. Originally approved in 1992. Last previous edition approved in 20092016 as
E1447 – 09.E1447 – 09(2016). DOI: 10.1520/E1447-09R16.10.1520/E1447-22.
2
For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or contact ASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM Standards
volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on the ASTM website.
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States
1

---------------------- Page: 1 ----------------------
E1447 − 22
E1601 Practice for Conducting an Interlaboratory Study to Evaluate the Performance of an Analytical Method
E2857 Guide for Validating Analytical Methods
E1914E2972 Practice for Use of Terms Relating to the Development and Evaluation of Methods for Chemical AnalysisGuide
for Production, Testing, and Value Assignment of In-House Reference Materials for Metals, Ores, and Other Related Materials
(Withdrawn 2016)
3. Terminology
3.1 Definitions—For definitions of terms used in this test method, see Terminology E135 and E1914.
3.2 Definitions of Terms Specific to This Standard:
3.2.1 drift correction, n—a procedure for normalizing the instrument response to account for drift of sensitivity or blank, or both.
3.2.1.1 Discussion—
A drift correction procedure is used to adjust the response
...

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SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
5.1 This test method for the chemical analysis of titanium and titanium alloys is primarily intended to test material for compliance with specifications of chemical composition such as those under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee B10. It may also be used to test compliance with other specifications that are compatible with the test method.  
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Element  
Application
Range (wt.%)  
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Range (wt.%)  
Aluminum  
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Boron  
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0.0008 to 0.01  
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Chromium  
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Copper  
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0.004 to 0.5  
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0–3  
0.004 to 3.0  
Manganese  
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0.003 to 0.01  
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Ruthenium  
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Tantalum  
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Tin  
0–4  
0.02 to 3.0  
Tungsten  
0-5  
0.01 to 0.10  
Vanadium  
0–15  
0.01 to 15.0  
Yttrium  
0–0.04  
0.001 to 0.004  
Zirconium  
0–5  
0.003 to 4.0  
1.2 This test method has been interlaboratory tested for the elements and ranges specified in the quantitative range part of the table in 1.1. It may be possible to extend this test method to other elements or broader mass fraction ranges as shown in the application range part of the table above provided that test method validation is performed that includes evaluation of method sensitivity, precision, and bias. Additionally, the validation study shall evaluate the acceptability of sample preparation methodology using reference materials or spike recoveries, or both. Guide E2857 provides information on validation of analytical methods for alloy analysis.  
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1.4 Units—The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as the standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard.  
1.5 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use. Specific safety hazards statements are given in Section 9.  
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SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
5.1 This test method for the chemical analysis of titanium alloys is primarily intended to test material for compliance to compositional requirements of specifications such as those under jurisdiction of ASTM Committee B10. It may also be used to test compliance with other specifications that are compatible with the test method.  
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SCOPE
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Element  
Tested Mass Fraction Range (%)  
Aluminum  
0.008 to 7.0  
Chromium  
0.006 to 0.1  
Copper  
0.014 to 0.1  
Iron  
0.043 to 0.3  
Manganese  
0.005 to 0.1  
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Nickel  
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Tested Mass Fraction Range (%)  
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This specification covers the chemical, mechanical, and metallurgical requirements for wrought titanium-13niobium-13zirconium alloy (UNS R58130) bars and wires to be used in the manufacture of surgical implants. The mill products may be supplied as specified by the purchaser with a descaled or pickled, abrasive blasted, chemically milled, ground, machined, peeled, or polished finish. Materials shall be furnished in the unannealed, solution-treated, or capability-aged condition. The mechanical properties to which the alloys shall conform are tensile strength, yield strength, elongation, and reduction of area.
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SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
5.1 This test method for the chemical analysis of titanium and titanium alloys is primarily intended to test material for compliance with specifications of chemical composition such as those under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee B10. It may also be used to test compliance with other specifications that are compatible with the test method.  
5.2 It is assumed that all who use this test method will be trained analysts capable of performing common laboratory procedures skillfully and safely and that the work will be performed in a properly equipped laboratory.  
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Range (wt.%)  
Aluminum  
0–8  
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Boron  
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1.4 Units—The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as the standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard.  
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1.6 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principle...

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ASTM E2994-21(Test Method)
Standard Test Method for Analysis of Titanium and Titanium Alloys by Spark Atomic Emission Spectrometry and Glow Discharge Atomic Emission Spectrometry (Performance-Based Method)

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
5.1 This test method for the chemical analysis of titanium alloys is primarily intended to test material for compliance to compositional requirements of specifications such as those under jurisdiction of ASTM Committee B10. It may also be used to test compliance with other specifications that are compatible with the test method.  
5.2 This is a performance-based test method that relies more on the demonstrated quality of the test result than on strict adherence to specific procedural steps. It is assumed that all who use this test method will be trained analysts capable of performing common laboratory procedures skillfully and safely, and that the work will be performed in a properly equipped laboratory.  
5.3 It is expected that laboratories using this test method will prepare their own work instructions. These work instructions will include detailed operating instructions for the specific laboratory, the specific reference materials employed, and performance acceptance criteria.
SCOPE
1.1 This test method describes the analysis of titanium and its alloys by spark atomic emission spectrometry (Spark-AES) and glow discharge atomic emission spectrometry (GD-AES). The titanium specimen to be analyzed may be in the form of a disk, casting, foil, sheet, plate, extrusion, or some other wrought form or shape. The elements and ranges covered in the scope by spark-AES of this test method are listed below.    
Element  
Tested Mass Fraction Range (%)  
Aluminum  
0.008 to 7.0  
Chromium  
0.006 to 0.1  
Copper  
0.014 to 0.1  
Iron  
0.043 to 0.3  
Manganese  
0.005 to 0.1  
Molybdenum  
0.014 to 0.1  
Nickel  
0.006 to 0.1  
Silicon  
0.018 to 0.1  
Tin  
0.02 to 0.1  
Vanadium  
0.015 to 5.0  
Zirconium  
0.013 to 0.1  
1.1.1 The elements oxygen, nitrogen, carbon, niobium, boron, yttrium, palladium, and ruthenium, were included in the ILS but the data did not contain the required six laboratories. Precision tables were provided for informational use only.  
1.2 The elements and ranges covered in the scope by GD-AES of this test method are listed below.    
Element  
Tested Mass Fraction Range (%)  
Aluminum  
0.02 to 7.0  
Carbon  
0.02 to 0.1    
Chromium  
0.006 to 0.1  
Copper  
0.028 to 0.1  
Iron  
0.09 to 0.3  
Molybdenum  
0.016 to 0.1  
Nickel  
0.006 to 0.1  
Silicon  
0.018 to 0.1  
Tin  
0.022 to 0.1  
Vanadium  
0.054 to 5.0  
Zirconium  
0.026 to 0.1  
1.2.1 The elements boron, manganese, oxygen, nitrogen, niobium, yttrium, palladium, and ruthenium were included in the ILS, but the data did not contain the required six laboratories. Precision tables were provided for informational use only.  
1.3 The elements and mass fractions given in the above scope tables are the ranges validated through the interlaboratory study. However, it is known that the techniques used in this standard allow the useable range, for the elements listed, to be extended higher or lower based on individual instrument capability, available reference materials, laboratory capabilities, and the spectral characteristics of the specific element wavelength being used. It is also acceptable to analyze elements not listed in 1.1 or 1.2 and still meet compliance to this standard test method. Laboratories must provide sufficient evidence of method validation when extending the analytical range or when analyzing elements not reported in Section 18 (Precision and Bias), as described in Guide E2857.  
1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use. Specific safety hazard statements are given in Section 9.  
1.5 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized pri...

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ASTM
ASTM D6906-12a(2021)(Test Method)
Standard Test Method for Determination of Titanium Treatment Weight on Metal Substrates by Wavelength Dispersive X-Ray Fluorescence

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
4.1 The procedure described in this test method is designed to provide a method by which the coating weight of titanium treatments on metal substrates may be determined.  
4.2 This test method is applicable for determination of the total coating weight and the titanium coating weight of a titanium-containing treatment.
SCOPE
1.1 This test method covers the use of wavelength dispersive X-ray fluorescence (WDXRF) techniques for determination of the coating weight of titanium treatments on metal substrates. These techniques are applicable for determination of the coating weight as titanium or total coating weight of a titanium containing treatment, or both, on a variety of metal substrates.  
1.2 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.  
1.3 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

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ASTM
ASTM F3001-14(2021)(Specification)
Standard Specification for Additive Manufacturing Titanium-6 Aluminum-4 Vanadium ELI (Extra Low Interstitial) with Powder Bed Fusion

ABSTRACT
This specification establishes the requirements for additively manufactured titanium-6aluminum-4vanadium with extra low interstitials (Ti-6Al-4V ELI) components using full-melt powder bed fusion such as electron beam melting and laser melting. The standard covers the classification of materials, ordering information, manufacturing plan, feedstock, process, chemical composition, microstructure, mechanical properties, thermal processing, hot isostatic pressing, dimensions and mass, permissible variations, retests, inspection, rejection, certification, product marking and packaging, and quality program requirements.
SCOPE
1.1 This specification covers additively manufactured titanium-6aluminum-4vanadium with extra low interstitials (Ti-6Al-4V ELI) components using full-melt powder bed fusion such as electron beam melting and laser melting. The components produced by these processes are used typically in applications that require mechanical properties similar to machined forgings and wrought products. Components manufactured to this specification are often, but not necessarily, post processed via machining, grinding, electrical discharge machining (EDM), polishing, and so forth to achieve desired surface finish and critical dimensions.  
1.2 This specification is intended for the use of purchasers or producers or both of additively manufactured Ti-6Al-4V ELI components for defining the requirements and ensuring component properties.  
1.3 Users are advised to use this specification as a basis for obtaining components that will meet the minimum acceptance requirements established and revised by consensus of the members of the committee.  
1.4 User requirements considered more stringent may be met by the addition to the purchase order of one or more supplementary requirements, which may include, but are not limited to, those listed in S1-S4 and S1-S16 in Specification F2924.  
1.5 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard.  
1.6 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

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ASTM
ASTM F2924-14(2021)(Specification)
Standard Specification for Additive Manufacturing Titanium-6 Aluminum-4 Vanadium with Powder Bed Fusion

ABSTRACT
This specification covers additively manufactured titanium-6aluminum-4vanadium (Ti-6Al-4V) components using full-melt powder bed fusion such as electron beam melting and laser melting. It indicates the classifications of the components, the feedstock used to manufacture Class 1, 2, and 3 components, as well as the microstructure of the components. This specification also identifies the mechanical properties, chemical composition, and minimum tensile properties of the components.
SCOPE
1.1 This specification covers additively manufactured titanium-6aluminum-4vanadium (Ti-6Al-4V) components using full-melt powder bed fusion such as electron beam melting and laser melting. The components produced by these processes are used typically in applications that require mechanical properties similar to machined forgings and wrought products. Components manufactured to this specification are often, but not necessarily, post processed via machining, grinding, electrical discharge machining (EDM), polishing, and so forth to achieve desired surface finish and critical dimensions.  
1.2 This specification is intended for the use of purchasers or producers, or both, of additively manufactured Ti-6Al-4V components for defining the requirements and ensuring component properties.  
1.3 Users are advised to use this specification as a basis for obtaining components that will meet the minimum acceptance requirements established and revised by consensus of the members of the committee.  
1.4 User requirements considered more stringent may be met by the addition to the purchase order of one or more Supplementary Requirements, which may include, but are not limited to, those listed in S1-S16.  
1.5 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard.  
1.6 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.  
1.7 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

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