ASTM E2256-03(2008)

NOTICE: This standard has either been superseded and replaced by a new version or withdrawn.
Contact ASTM International (www.astm.org) for the latest information
Designation: E2256 − 03(Reapproved 2008)
Standard Guide for
Hydraulic Integrity of New, Repaired, or Reconstructed
Aboveground Storage Tank Bottoms for Petroleum Service
This standard is issued under the fixed designation E2256; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision.Anumber in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval.A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope Your comments are invited either for revision of this guide or
for additional standards and should be addressed to ASTM
1.1 This guide is intended to provide the reader with a
International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, W. Conshohocken, PA
knowledgeofconstructionexaminationproceduresandcurrent
19428.
technologies that can be used to give an owner or operator of
an aboveground storage tank (AST) in petroleum service, 1.9 This guide is not intended for use as a model code,
relevant information on the hydraulic integrity of a new, ordinance or regulation.
repaired, or reconstructed tank bottom prior to return to
1.10 This standard does not purport to address all of the
service. This guide does not pertain to horizontal ASTs,
safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the
manufacture of tanks using UL142, or to tanks constructed of
responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-
concrete or other non-ferrous materials.
priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-
bility of regulatory requirements prior to use.
1.2 Theadoptionofthemathodsandtechnologiespresented
in this guide are not mandatory, rather they represent options
2. Referenced Documents
that may be selected to identify the likelihood of product
leaking through a new, repaired, or reconstructed tank bottom.
2.1 ASTM Standards:
A6/A6MSpecification for General Requirements for Rolled
1.3 This guide is not intended to suggest or treat any
Structural Steel Bars, Plates, Shapes, and Sheet Piling
technology in a preferential manner.
A20/A20MSpecificationforGeneralRequirementsforSteel
1.4 Thepersonresponsibleforapplyingthisguideshouldbe
Plates for Pressure Vessels
a knowledgeable individual with experience in the design,
A36/A36MSpecification for Carbon Structural Steel
inspection, construction, or combination thereof, of aboveg-
A53/A53MSpecification for Pipe, Steel, Black and Hot-
round storage tanks for use in petroleum service, and should
Dipped, Zinc-Coated, Welded and Seamless
also be certified under the requirements of API 653 when use
A106/A106MSpecification for Seamless Carbon Steel Pipe
is related to tank bottom repair.
for High-Temperature Service
1.5 This guide is written in metric measure units (SI Units)
A333/A333MSpecification for Seamless and Welded Steel
in accordance with requirements of Practice E621. English
Pipe for Low-Temperature Service
measure equivalents are in parentheses.
D3282 Practice for Classification of Soils and Soil-
Aggregate Mixtures for Highway Construction Purposes
1.6 The applicability of this guide to the proposed tank
E165Practice for Liquid Penetrant Examination for General
configuration and service conditions should be established
Industry
prior to use.
E621Practice for Use of Metric (SI) Units in Building
1.7 ThisguidecomplieswithASTMpolicyfordevelopment
Design and Construction(Committee E06 Supplement to
and subsequent use of a standard.
E380) (Withdrawn 2008)
1.8 This guide is subject to revision at any time by the
E709Guide for Magnetic Particle Testing
responsible technical committee and must be reviewed every
E1209Practice for Fluorescent Liquid Penetrant Testing
five years and if not revised, either reapproved or withdrawn.
Using the Water-Washable Process
1 2
ThisguideisunderthejurisdictionofASTMCommitteeE50onEnvironmental For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or
Assessment, Risk Management and CorrectiveAction and is the direct responsibil- contact ASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM
ity of Subcommittee E50.01 on Storage Tanks. Standards volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on
Current edition approved May 1, 2008. Published June 2008. Originally the ASTM website.
approved in 2003. Last previous edition approved in 2003 as E2256–03. DOI: The last approved version of this historical standard is referenced on
10.1520/E2256-03R08. www.astm.org.
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States
E2256 − 03 (2008)
E1219Practice for Fluorescent Liquid Penetrant Testing 3.1.4 developing technology, n—a procedure or testing
Using the Solvent-Removable Process method that may be used to provide additional information on
E1220Practice for Visible Penetrant Testing Using Solvent- a potential leak path.
Removable Process
3.1.5 for petroleum service, n—an AST that is designated
2.2 Other Documents:
for or expected to be used for petroleum product storage to
ASME Section V and IXBoiler and Pressure Vessel Code
include crude oil, residual, and refined petroleum products.
SNT TC-1ASociety for Nondestructive Testing Recom-
3.1.6 hydraulic integrity, n—the actual ability of a tank
mended Practice
bottom to prevent passage of a stored product to the external
AWS B1.10Guide for the Nondestructive Inspection of
environment.
Welds
3.1.7 leak path, n—the route or opening through which the
AWS QC1-96Standard for AWS Certification of Welding
tank contents are released through to the exterior environment.
Inspectors
API322AnEngineeringEvaluationofAcousticMethodsof 3.1.8 tank, n—a field-erected steel structure constructed of
LeakDetectioninAbovegroundStorageTanks,Jan.1994 welded or riveted steel and designed for petroleum service.
API PB 334A Guide to Leak Detection for Aboveground
3.1.9 tank bottom, n—the floor of a vertically oriented tank,
Storage Tanks, Mar. 1996
including the shell to bottom weld, connected piping supports,
API 575Inspection ofAtmospheric and Low-Pressure Stor-
column base plates, sumps, floor plates, and floor welds, but
age Tanks
not interior or exterior coatings or cathodic protection.
API 581Base Resource Document-Risk-Based Inspection
7 3.1.10 tank owner or operator, n—an individual or entity
API 650Welded Steel Tanks for Oil Storage
that owns or operates an aboveground storage tank in accor-
API 653Tank Inspection, Alteration, and Reconstruction
dance with and definitions of The U.S. Environmental Protec-
tion Agency Regulation 40 CFR 112.
3. Terminology
3.1.11 technologies, n—systems or services that provide
3.1 Thefollowingtermsasusedinthisguidemaydifferfrom
informationthatcanbeusedtoevaluatethehydraulicintegrity
the more commonly accepted definitions elsewhere.
of a tank bottom.
3.1.1 aboveground storage tank (AST), n— a vertically
oriented tank (normally cylindrical), whose bottom is in
3.2 Abbreviations:
contact with the soil or other solid material and whose shell to
3.2.1 cm—centimetre
bottom joint is designed to be at the plane of grade. SeeFig. 1.
3.2.2 mm—millimetre
3.3 Acronyms:
3.3.1 ANSI—American National Standards Institute
3.3.2 API—American Petroleum Institute
3.3.3 ASM—American Society for Metals
3.3.4 ASME—American Society of Mechanical Engineers
3.3.5 ASNT—Society for Nondestructive Testing
3.3.6 AST—aboveground storage tank
3.3.7 AWS—American Welding Society
3.3.8 ERW—electric resistance weld
FIG. 1 Examples of ASTs per this Guide
3.3.9 NDE—non-destructive evaluation
3.3.10 OSHA—United States Occupational, Safety and
Health Administration
3.1.2 conditions and limitations, n—the environmental and
physical effects that restrict the collection of data.
3.3.11 UL—Underwriters Laboratory
3.1.3 cut and cover or bunkered tank, n— a field-
3.3.12 UST—underground storage tank
constructedabovegroundstoragetankthathasbeencutintothe
3.4 Measurement Units—This guide is written in metric
soilandcoveredtoprotectitfromdamageeitherbyaccidentor
measure units (SI Units) in accordance with requirements of
hostile intent of war.
PracticeE621.Englishmeasureequivalentsareinparentheses.
4. Summary of Guide
Available from American Society of Mechanical Engineers (ASME), ASME
International Headquarters, Three Park Ave., New York, NY 10016-5990, http://
4.1 This guide establishes a process and provides guidance
www.asme.org.
about practices and procedures that are called for in API 650
AvailablefromAmericanSocietyforNondestructiveTesting(ASNT),P.O.Box
28518, 1711 Arlingate Ln., Columbus, OH 43228-0518, http://www.asnt.org.
andAPI653,oravailableasoptionalselectionsandwhichwill
Available from American Welding Society (AWS), 550 NW LeJeune Rd.,
lead to a better understanding about the hydraulic integrity of
Miami, FL 33126, http://www.aws.org.
anAST’sbottom.Theinformationcontainedintheguideisset
Available from American Petroleum Institute (API), 1220 L. St., NW,
Washington, DC 20005-4070, http://www.api.org. out in three formats: a flowchart of the procedures and the
E2256 − 03 (2008)
appropriate point for employment in order to gather the most newlyconstructedtankbottom.Forthoseownersandoperators
useful information; a table of the procedures briefly describing that already have procedures for determining the suitability of
what and how they should be used in order to gather the most the tank bottom, this guide may serve as a reference when
useful information; and an expanded listing of the procedures policy warrants a change in their methods.
to provide the guide user with procedure background and
6.2 Table 1 identifies tests and procedures, and notes when
expected results in order to determine the type and validity of
application of those tests or procedures will provide the most
the information gathered.
useful information for assessing the hydraulic integrity of tank
bottom.
5. Significance and Use
6.3 Table 1 supplements the flow chart by listing the
5.1 Inspection, repair, and construction of ASTs in petro-
accepted tests and procedures fromAPI 650 andAPI 653, as a
leum service should follow at a minimum the requirements of
readily available reference, and also the developing technolo-
API 650 and API 653. These standards describe methods for
gies. These API procedures, although established chiefly to
testing the weld quality and structural and hydraulic integrity
assess tank structural soundness, are also useful for determin-
ofneworrepairedASTs.Withincreasingemphasisonprotect-
ing the hydraulic soundness of tank bottom construction when
ing the environment and with environmental issues related to
it has been repaired or newly constructed. Information relating
the storing of petroleum materials in ASTs, owners and
to the developing technologies may be employed by an owner
operators of such tanks may want or need a guide devoted to
and operator in order to obtain hydraulic integrity and other
existing and enhanced methods for evaluating the hydraulic
supplementary information during a hydrostatic test.
integrity of new or repaired tank bottoms.
6.4 When using information provided in this section, con-
5.2 The consequences of a tank bottom failure include the
siderations for schedule, operational, economic, and environ-
economic loss of product, cost of repair or replacing the tank
mental characterizations should be reviewed. An owner and
bottom,andexposuretothecostofenvironmentalremediation
operatorortheowners’andoperators’representativeshouldbe
and potential damage or harm to adjacent lands that may give
familiar with conditions under which the tests and procedures
risetoadversepublicrelationsorregulatoryaction.Inaddition,
canbeusedandinthecaseofthedevelopingtechnologies,API
releases of petroleum products introduce potential fire or
334 should be consulted.
explosive conditions.
5.3 Owners and operators of ASTs or their agents can use 7. Evaluation Methods
this guide to help choose methods of evaluating the hydraulic
7.1 Procedures Prior to Filling and After Filling the Tank:
integrityoftheirrepairedornewtankbottoms.Selectionofthe
7.1.1 The owner and operator of a tank, included by
methods should be based on regulatory and economic criteria
definition in this guide, will find that there are numerous
that include operational and cost/benefit considerations.
procedures associated with the determination of the hydraulic
5.4 This guide is intended for use by an individual experi-
integrity of a tank bottom. Of this total number of procedures
enced in repair and construction ofASTs in petroleum service. there can be at least nine that are conducted prior to filling the
tankandcanbeatleastanotherfourproceduresthatareapplied
5.5 This guide is intended for use when repairing or
with the tank either partially or completely filled to its safe fill
building ASTs and not intended for use beyond the construc-
height.
tion process. This guide does not address suitability for use or
imply useful life of an AST bottom. 7.2 Evaluation of Floor Plate, Weld Construction Practices:
7.2.1 Factors or conditions that contribute to tank bottom
5.6 This guide is intended to be used in conjunction with
failure are:
and as a supplement to standards provided for hydraulic
7.2.1.1 Imperfections that may be included in steel plate
integrity in API 650 and API 653.
during manufacture.
5.7 Procedures or methods included here may be supported
7.2.1.2 Gouging and tearing in steel plate can occur during
by a previously completed and documented performance
shipment and storage, and in moving the plates into final
evaluation(s)thatmaylenditselfasvaluableresultsvalidation.
position for welding. Such damage can be the result of
improper use of equipment for moving the plate or the
6. Procedures
dragging of the plates across one another or other construction
6.1 This section provides information on established prac- materials and rocks.The gouges and tears can compromise the
tices described inAPI 650 andAPI 653. This section provides structural integrity and intended service life of the tank.
information on other practices listed in this guide as optional 7.2.1.3 Irregular surface continuities or voids in the struc-
during a hydrostatic test, and which may be used to assess the tural fill or concrete foundation can be a significant condition
hydraulic integrity of the tank bottom. Also identified in this causing a bottom to fail and leak. The voids and projections
section are developing technologies that may be used in created by the sub-floor structural system irregularities will
conjunction with a hydro-test, and may produce supplemental cause uneven stressing of the floor plates, seam welds, floor to
informationaboutthehydraulicintegrityofthecompletedtank she
...