ASTM C1026-87(2002)

NOTICE: This standard has either been superseded and replaced by a new version or withdrawn.
Contact ASTM International (www.astm.org) for the latest information
Designation:C1026–87(Reapproved2002)
Standard Test Method for
Measuring the Resistance of Ceramic Tile to Freeze-Thaw
Cycling
This standard is issued under the fixed designation C1026; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision.Anumber in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval.A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope service in geographic areas subjected to freezing. It can serve
as a test method to verify compliance with specifications for
1.1 This test method describes the procedures and equip-
ceramic tile, and provides a control test for determining the
ment required to test either glazed or unglazed ceramic tile for
uniformityoftilebeingmanufacturedforexteriorinstallations.
resistance to repeated cycles of freezing and thawing. Ceramic
tile of any size or shape may be tested by this test method.
5. Apparatus (See Fig. 1)
1.2 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regarded
5.1 Thefreezingchamberforthistestmethodmaybeofany
as the standard. The values given in parentheses are for
type provided it has the capacity to cool the center of the test
information only.
load to 0°F (−18°C) within a period of 6 to 8 h. By adjusting
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the
the mass of the test load, freezers with various freezing rates
safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the
may be used in this test as long as the 6 to 8-h period to reach
responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-
0°F (−18°C) is maintained.
priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-
5.2 Two freezer thermometers of the type that use a ther-
bility of regulatory limitations prior to use.
mocouplearerequired.Theyshallbecalibratedto0°F(−18°C)
2. Referenced Documents against a thermometer of known accuracy (see 2.1).
5.3 Vacuum Chamber, capable of withstanding a vacuum of
2.1 ASTM Standards:
760 mm Hg (102 MPa).
C242 Terminology of Ceramic Whitewares and Related
5.4 Vacuum Pump, that can go down to 20 mm Hg (2.6
Products
MPa) pressure.
E220 Test Method for Calibration of Thermocouples By
5.5 Drill Press.
Comparison Techniques
5.6 Carbide Tipped Bit, slightly larger in diameter than the
3. Summary of Test Method thermocouple, or other means of drilling the tile.
5.7 Ultraviolet Light Source and Fluorescent Dye, (un-
3.1 Adesignatedtest-loadoftilespecimensissaturatedwith
glazed tile) or black ink (glazed tile).
water, and placed in a freezer with thermocouples (thermom-
eter)inserted.Freezingisfollowedbyathawingcyclewiththe
6. Test Samples
specimens immersed in water. The number of tile damaged
6.1 Select ten samples at random from the lot to be tested.
after freezing and thawing for 5, 10, and 15 cycles is
determined by visual examination.
7. Procedure
4. Significance and Use 7.1 Calibration of the Freezer Capacity:
7.1.1 Calibrate the two freezer thermometers.
4.1 Thetestforresistancetofreezingandthawingfunctions
7.1.2 Select a group of tiles having the same approximate
as a guide to the selection of ceramic tile suitable for outdoor
absorption,size,andtotalmassasthesamplestobeusedinthe
final test for use as a test load.
ThistestmethodisunderthejurisdictionofASTMCommitteeC21onCeramic
7.1.3 Drill a hole through the center of the tile that will be
Whitewares and Related Products and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee
in the middle of the load as it is placed in the freezer in order
C21.06 on Ceramic Tile.
toaccommodatethethermocouple.Thefitofthethermocouple
Current edition approved Sept. 25, 1987. Published November 1987. Originally
published as C-21 Proposed Test Method P153. Last previous edition C1026–84.
bead in the tile should be as snug as possible. The wire should
DOI: 10.1520/C1026-87R02.
betrailedouteitherbetweentheribsorinaslotcutintheback
For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or
ofoneofthetiles.Itisimportantthatthetile,whenstacked,are
contact ASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM
not held apart by the thermocouple or wire.
Standards volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on
the ASTM website.
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959, United States.
C1026–87 (2002)
FIG. 1 Schematic Diagram of Apparatus
7.1.4 Remove the thermocouple from the prepared tile and loadsothatthetotaltimerequiredtoreach0°F(−18°C)onthe
subjectthemandtheremainderofthetiletobeusedasthetest
thermocouple in the load falls between 6 and 8 h.
load to the following:
7.3 Frost Resistance Load Preparation:
7.2 Test Load Preparation:
7.3.1 Select a set of tile similar in size and mass to the test
7.2.1 Place as many tile at a time as possible in a vacuum
load.
container.Evacuatetoapressureof20mmHgfor20min,then
7.3.2 Number each tile with an indelible marker.
add potable water at room temperature to cover the tile
7.3.3 Remove tile from water, wipe with damp cloth, and
completely while still under vacuum. Hold under vacuum for
40 min. Make sure all tile are submerged in water throughout place in the freezing chamber, stacked in a manner similar to
the 40-min soak. After this treatment, release the vacuum and the test load described in 7.2.6.
store the treated tile immersed in water until ready for 7.2.3.
7.4 Freezing and Thawing:
7.2.2 Mount the thermometers to
...