ASTM C1026-10
(Test Method)Standard Test Method for Measuring the Resistance of Ceramic Tile to Freeze-Thaw Cycling
Standard Test Method for Measuring the Resistance of Ceramic Tile to Freeze-Thaw Cycling
SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
The test for resistance to freezing and thawing functions as a guide to the selection of ceramic tile suitable for outdoor service in geographic areas subjected to freezing. It can serve as a test method to verify compliance with specifications for ceramic tile, and provides a control test for determining the uniformity of tile being manufactured for exterior installations.
SCOPE
1.1 This test method describes the procedures and equipment required to test either glazed or unglazed ceramic tile for resistance to repeated cycles of freezing and thawing. Ceramic tile of any size or shape may be tested by this test method.
1.2 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regarded as the standard. The values given in parentheses are for information only.
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.
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Designation: C1026 − 10
StandardTest Method for
Measuring the Resistance of Ceramic Tile to Freeze-Thaw
1
Cycling
This standard is issued under the fixed designation C1026; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope ceramic tile, and provides a control test for determining the
uniformityoftilebeingmanufacturedforexteriorinstallations.
1.1 This test method describes the procedures and equip-
ment required to test either glazed or unglazed ceramic tile for
5. Apparatus
resistance to repeated cycles of freezing and thawing. Ceramic
5.1 The freezing chamber for this test method may be ofany
tile of any size or shape may be tested by this test method.
type provided it has the capacity to cool the center of the test
1.2 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regarded
loadto0°F(-18°C)withinaperiodof6to8h.Byadjustingthe
as the standard. The values given in parentheses are for
mass of the test load, freezers with various freezing rates may
information only.
be used in this test as long as the 6- to 8-h period to reach 0°F
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the
(-18°C) is maintained.
safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the
5.2 Two freezer thermometers of the type that use a ther-
responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-
mocouplearerequired.Theyshallbecalibratedto0°F(−18°C)
priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-
against a thermometer of known accuracy (see 2.1).
bility of regulatory limitations prior to use.
5.3 Pan, in which the specimens may be boiled.
2. Referenced Documents
5.4 Potable Water.
2.1 ASTM Standards:
5.5 Drill Press.
C242Terminology of Ceramic Whitewares and Related
2
Products 5.6 Carbide Tipped Bit, slightly larger in diameter than the
E220Test Method for Calibration of Thermocouples By thermocouple, or other means of drilling the tile.
3
Comparison Techniques
5.7 Ultraviolet Light Source and Fluorescent Dye, (un-
glazed tile) or black ink (glazed tile).
3. Summary of Test Method
3.1 Adesignatedtest-loadoftilespecimensissaturatedwith
6. Test Samples
water, and placed in a freezer with thermocouples (thermom-
6.1 Select ten samples at random from the lot to be tested.
eter)inserted.Freezingisfollowedbyathawingcyclewiththe
specimens immersed in water. The number of tile damaged
7. Procedure
after freezing and thawing for 5, 10, 15, 20, 25 . 150 cycles
7.1 Calibration of the Freezer Capacity:
is determined by visual examination.
7.1.1 Calibrate the two freezer thermometers.
4. Significance and Use
7.1.2 Select a group of tiles having the same approximate
absorption,size,andtotalmassasthesamplestobeusedinthe
4.1 Thetestforresistancetofreezingandthawingfunctions
final test for use as a test load.
as a guide to the selection of ceramic tile suitable for outdoor
7.1.3 Drill a hole through the center of the tile that will be
service in geographic areas subjected to freezing. It can serve
in the middle of the load as it is placed in the freezer in order
as a test method to verify compliance with specifications for
toaccommodatethethermocouple.Thefitofthethermocouple
bead in the tile should be as snug as possible. The wire should
1
ThistestmethodisunderthejurisdictionofASTMCommitteeC21onCeramic
betrailedouteitherbetweentheribsorinaslotcutintheback
Whitewares and Related Productsand is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee
ofoneofthetiles.Itisimportantthatthetile,whenstacked,are
C21.06 on Ceramic Tile.
Current edition approved Nov. 1, 2010. Published December 2010. Originally
not held apart by the thermocouple or wire.
published in 1984. Last previous edition approved in 2009 as C1026–87(2009).
7.1.4 Remove the thermocouple from the prepared tile and
DOI: 10.1520/C1026-10.
2
subject them and the remainder of the tile to be used as the test
Annual Book of ASTM Standards, Vol 15.02.
3
Annual Book of ASTM Standards, Vol 14.03. load to the following:
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States
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---------------------- Page: 1 ----------------------
C1026 − 10
7.2 Test Load Preparation: 7.4 Freezing and Thawing:
7.2.1 Record the dry weight of each specimen. Place the
7.4.1 When the tile have reached 0°F (-18°C), remove them
specimens in a pan of potable water and soak for 24 h. Use
fromthefreezerandplaceinwaterthatisatatemperaturefrom
setter pins or some similar device to separate the specimens
50 to 60°F (10 to 16°C) and is of a sufficient quantity that the
from the bottom and sides of the pan and from each other.
temperature
...
This document is not anASTM standard and is intended only to provide the user of anASTM standard an indication of what changes have been made to the previous version. Because
it may not be technically possible to adequately depict all changes accurately, ASTM recommends that users consult prior editions as appropriate. In all cases only the current version
of the standard as published by ASTM is to be considered the official document.
Designation:C1026–87(Reapproved2002) Designation: C1026 – 10
Standard Test Method for
Measuring the Resistance of Ceramic Tile to Freeze-Thaw
1
Cycling
This standard is issued under the fixed designation C1026; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision.Anumber in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval.A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope
1.1 Thistestmethoddescribestheproceduresandequipmentrequiredtotesteitherglazedorunglazedceramictileforresistance
to repeated cycles of freezing and thawing. Ceramic tile of any size or shape may be tested by this test method.
1.2 Thevaluesstatedininch-poundunitsaretoberegardedasthestandard.Thevaluesgiveninparenthesesareforinformation
only.
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility
of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory
limitations prior to use.
2. Referenced Documents
2
2.1 ASTM Standards:
3
C242 Terminology of Ceramic Whitewares and Related Products
E220 Test Method for Calibration of Thermocouples By Comparison Techniques
3. Summary of Test Method
3.1 Adesignated test-load of tile specimens is saturated with water, and placed in a freezer with thermocouples (thermometer)
inserted.Freezingisfollowedbyathawingcyclewiththespecimensimmersedinwater.Thenumberoftiledamagedafterfreezing
and thawing for 5, 10, and 1515, 20, 25 . 150 cycles is determined by visual examination.
4. Significance and Use
4.1 The test for resistance to freezing and thawing functions as a guide to the selection of ceramic tile suitable for outdoor
serviceingeographicareassubjectedtofreezing.Itcanserveasatestmethodtoverifycompliancewithspecificationsforceramic
tile, and provides a control test for determining the uniformity of tile being manufactured for exterior installations.
5. Apparatus (See Fig. 1)
5.1 The freezing chamber for this test method may be ofany type provided it has the capacity to cool the center of the test load
to 0°F (−18°C)(-18°C) within a period of 6 to 8 h. By adjusting the mass of the test load, freezers with various freezing rates may
be used in this test as long as the 6- to 8-h period to reach 0°F (−18°C)(-18°C) is maintained.
5.2 Two freezer thermometers of the type that use a thermocouple are required.They shall be calibrated to 0°F (−18°C) against
a thermometer of known accuracy (see 2.1).
5.3 VacuumChamber,capableofwithstandingavacuumof760mmHg(102MPa).Pan,inwhichthespecimensmaybeboiled.
5.4 Vacuum Pump, that can go down to 20 mm Hg (2.6 MPa) pressure. Potable Water.
5.5 Drill Press.
5.6 Carbide Tipped Bit, slightly larger in diameter than the thermocouple, or other means of drilling the tile.
5.7 Ultraviolet Light Source and Fluorescent Dye, (unglazed tile) or black ink (glazed tile).
1
ThistestmethodisunderthejurisdictionofASTMCommitteeC21onCeramicWhitewaresandRelatedProductsandisthedirectresponsibilityofSubcommitteeC21.06
on Ceramic Tile.
Current edition approved Sept. 25, 1987. Published November 1987. Originally published as C-21 Proposed Test Method P153. Last previous edition C1026–84. DOI:
10.1520/C1026-87R02.
Current edition approved Nov. 1, 2010. Published December 2010. Originally published in 1984. Last previous edition approved in 2009 as C1026–87(2009). DOI:
10.1520/C1026-10.
2
For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or contact ASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. For
2
Annual Book of ASTM Standardsvolume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on the ASTM website., Vol 15.02.
3
Annual Book of ASTM Standards, Vol 14.03.
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959, United States.
1
---------------------- Page: 1 ----------------------
C1026 – 10
6. Test Samples
6.1 Select ten samples at random from the lot to be tested.
7. Procedure
7.1 Calibration of the Freezer Capacity:
7.1.1 Calibrate the two freezer thermometers.
7.1.2 Select a group of tiles having the same approximate absorption, size, and total mass as the samples to be used in the final
test for use as a test load.
7.1.3 Drill a hole through the center of the tile that will be in the middle of the load as it is placed in the freezer in order to
accommodate the thermocouple. The fit of the thermocouple bead in t
...
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