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ASTM C109/C109M-11a

(Test Method)

Standard Test Method for Compressive Strength of Hydraulic Cement Mortars (Using 2-in. or [50-mm] Cube Specimens)

Standard Test Method for Compressive Strength of Hydraulic Cement Mortars (Using 2-in. or [50-mm] Cube Specimens)

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
This test method provides a means of determining the compressive strength of hydraulic cement and other mortars and results may be used to determine compliance with specifications. Further, this test method is referenced by numerous other specifications and test methods. Caution must be exercised in using the results of this test method to predict the strength of concretes.
SCOPE
1.1 This test method covers determination of the compressive strength of hydraulic cement mortars, using 2-in. or [50-mm] cube specimens.
Note 1—Test Method C349 provides an alternative procedure for this determination (not to be used for acceptance tests).  
1.2 This test method covers the application of the test using either inch-pound or SI units. The values stated in either SI units or inch-pound units are to be regarded separately as standard. Within the text, the SI units are shown in brackets. The values stated in each system may not be exact equivalents; therefore, each system shall be used independently of the other. Combining values from the two systems may result in nonconformance with the standard.
1.3 Values in SI units shall be obtained by measurement in SI units or by appropriate conversion, using the Rules for Conversion and Rounding given in Standard , of measurements made in other units.
1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use. (Warning—Fresh hydraulic cementitious mixtures are caustic and may cause chemical burns to skin and tissue upon prolonged exposure. )

General Information

Status
Historical
Publication Date
30-Sep-2011
ICS
91.100.10 - Cement. Gypsum. Lime. Mortar
Technical Committee
C01 - Cement
Drafting Committee
C01.27 - Strength
Current Stage
Ref Project

Relations

Replaces
ASTM C109/C109M-11 - Standard Test Method for Compressive Strength of Hydraulic Cement Mortars (Using 2-in. or [50-mm] Cube Specimens)
Effective Date
01-Oct-2011
Referred By
ASTM C1329/C1329M-23 - Standard Specification for Mortar Cement
Effective Date
01-Oct-2011
Referred By
ASTM C150/C150M-22 - Standard Specification for Portland Cement
Effective Date
01-Oct-2011
Referred By
ASTM C1928/C1928M-23 - Standard Test Method for Compressive Strength of Alkali Activated Cementitious Material Mortars (Using 2-in. [50 mm] Cube Specimens)
Effective Date
01-Oct-2011
Referred By
ASTM C141/C141M-14(2022) - Standard Specification for Hydrated Hydraulic Lime for Structural Purposes
Effective Date
01-Oct-2011
Referred By
ASTM C1439-19 - Standard Test Methods for Evaluating Latex and Powder Polymer Modifiers for use in Hydraulic Cement Concrete and Mortar
Effective Date
01-Oct-2011
Referred By
ASTM A1096/A1096M-22 - Standard Test Method for Evaluating Bond of Individual Steel Wire, Indented or Plain, for Concrete Reinforcement
Effective Date
01-Oct-2011
Referred By
ASTM C942/C942M-21 - Standard Test Method for Compressive Strength of Grouts for Preplaced-Aggregate Concrete in the Laboratory
Effective Date
01-Oct-2011
Referred By
ASTM C1093-23 - Standard Practice for Accreditation of Testing Agencies for Masonry
Effective Date
01-Oct-2011
Referred By
ASTM C1328/C1328M-23 - Standard Specification for Plastic (Stucco) Cement
Effective Date
01-Oct-2011
Referred By
ASTM A1081/A1081M-21 - Standard Test Method for Evaluating Bond of Seven-Wire Steel Prestressing Strand
Effective Date
01-Oct-2011
Referred By
ASTM F2985-14(2019) - Standard Practice for Installation of a PVC Segmental Panel Liner System in Man-Entry Size Sewers and Conduits
Effective Date
01-Oct-2011
Referred By
ASTM C917/C917M-18 - Standard Test Method for Evaluation of Variability of Cement from a Single Source Based on Strength
Effective Date
01-Oct-2011
Referred By
ASTM D6532-00(2022) - Standard Test Method for Evaluation of the Effect of Clear Water Repellent Treatments on Water Absorption of Hydraulic Cement Mortar Specimens
Effective Date
01-Oct-2011
Referred By
ASTM F1741-22 - Standard Practice for Installation of Machine Spiral Wound Poly (Vinyl Chloride) (PVC) Liner Pipe for Rehabilitation of Existing Sewers and Conduits
Effective Date
01-Oct-2011

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ASTM C109/C109M-11a - Standard Test Method for Compressive Strength of Hydraulic Cement Mortars (Using 2-in. or [50-mm] Cube Specimens)ASTM C109/C109M-11a - Standard Test Method for Compressive Strength of Hydraulic Cement Mortars (Using 2-in. or [50-mm] Cube Specimens)
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REDLINE ASTM C109/C109M-11a - Standard Test Method for Compressive Strength of Hydraulic Cement Mortars (Using 2-in. or [50-mm] Cube Specimens)REDLINE ASTM C109/C109M-11a - Standard Test Method for Compressive Strength of Hydraulic Cement Mortars (Using 2-in. or [50-mm] Cube Specimens)
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REDLINE ASTM C109/C109M-11a - Standard Test Method for Compressive Strength of Hydraulic Cement Mortars (Using 2-in. or [50-mm] Cube Specimens)
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Standards Content (Sample)

NOTICE: This standard has either been superseded and replaced by a new version or withdrawn.
Contact ASTM International (www.astm.org) for the latest information
Designation: C109/C109M – 11a
Standard Test Method for
Compressive Strength of Hydraulic Cement Mortars (Using
1
2-in. or [50-mm] Cube Specimens)
This standard is issued under the fixed designation C109/C109M; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year
of original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision.Anumber in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval.
A superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
This standard has been approved for use by agencies of the Department of Defense.
1. Scope* C114 Test Methods for Chemical Analysis of Hydraulic
Cement
1.1 This test method covers determination of the compres-
C150 Specification for Portland Cement
sive strength of hydraulic cement mortars, using 2-in. or
C230/C230M Specification for Flow Table for Use in Tests
[50-mm] cube specimens.
of Hydraulic Cement
NOTE 1—Test Method C349 provides an alternative procedure for this
C305 Practice for Mechanical Mixing of Hydraulic Cement
determination (not to be used for acceptance tests).
Pastes and Mortars of Plastic Consistency
1.2 This test method covers the application of the test using
C349 Test Method for Compressive Strength of Hydraulic-
either inch-pound or SI units. The values stated in either SI
Cement Mortars (Using Portions of Prisms Broken in
units or inch-pound units are to be regarded separately as
Flexure)
standard. Within the text, the SI units are shown in brackets.
C511 Specification for Mixing Rooms, Moist Cabinets,
Thevaluesstatedineachsystemmaynotbeexactequivalents;
Moist Rooms, and Water Storage Tanks Used in the
therefore,eachsystemshallbeusedindependentlyoftheother.
Testing of Hydraulic Cements and Concretes
Combiningvaluesfromthetwosystemsmayresultinnoncon-
C595 Specification for Blended Hydraulic Cements
formance with the standard.
C618 Specification for Coal Fly Ash and Raw or Calcined
1.3 Values in SI units shall be obtained by measurement in
Natural Pozzolan for Use in Concrete
SI units or by appropriate conversion, using the Rules for
C670 Practice for Preparing Precision and Bias Statements
Conversion and Rounding given in Standard IEEE/ASTM
for Test Methods for Construction Materials
SI-10, of measurements made in other units.
C778 Specification for Sand
1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the
C989 Specification for Slag Cement for Use in Concrete
safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the
and Mortars
responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-
C1005 Specification for Reference Masses and Devices for
priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-
Determining Mass and Volume for Use in the Physical
bility of regulatory limitations prior to use. (Warning—Fresh
Testing of Hydraulic Cements
hydraulic cementitious mixtures are caustic and may cause
C1157 Performance Specification for Hydraulic Cement
2
chemical burns to skin and tissue upon prolonged exposure. )
C1328 Specification for Plastic (Stucco) Cement
C1329 Specification for Mortar Cement
2. Referenced Documents
C1437 Test Method for Flow of Hydraulic Cement Mortar
3
2.1 ASTM Standards:
E4 Practices for Force Verification of Testing Machines
C91 Specification for Masonry Cement
IEEE/ASTM SI-10 Standard for Use of the International
System of Units (SI): The Modern Metric System
3. Summary of Test Method
1
ThistestmethodisunderthejurisdictionofASTMCommitteeC01onCement
and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee C01.27 on Strength. 3.1 Themortarusedconsistsof1partcementand2.75parts
Current edition approved Oct. 1, 2011. Published November 2011. Originally
of sand proportioned by mass. Portland or air-entraining
approved in 1934. Last previous edition approved in 2011 as C109/C109M–11.
portland cements are mixed at specified water/cement ratios.
DOI: 10.1520/C0109_C0109M-11A.
2
Water content for other cements is that sufficient to obtain a
See the section on Safety, Manual of Cement Testing, Annual Book of ASTM
Standards, Vol 04.01.
flow of 110 6 5 in 25 drops of the flow table. Two-inch or
3
For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or
[50-mm] test cubes are compacted by tamping in two layers.
contact ASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM
The cubes are cured one day in the molds and stripped and
Standards volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on
the ASTM website. immersed in lime water until tested.
*A Summary of Changes section appears at the end of this standard.
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959, United States.
1

---------------------- Page: 1 ----------------------
C109/C109M – 11a
4. Significance and Use 1 in. or [13 by 25 mm] and a convenient length of about 5 t
...

This document is not anASTM standard and is intended only to provide the user of anASTM standard an indication of what changes have been made to the previous version. Because
it may not be technically possible to adequately depict all changes accurately, ASTM recommends that users consult prior editions as appropriate. In all cases only the current version
of the standard as published by ASTM is to be considered the official document.
Designation:C109/C109M–11 Designation: C109/C109M – 11a
Standard Test Method for
Compressive Strength of Hydraulic Cement Mortars (Using
1
2-in. or [50-mm] Cube Specimens)
This standard is issued under the fixed designation C109/C109M; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year
of original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision.Anumber in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval.
A superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
This standard has been approved for use by agencies of the Department of Defense.
1. Scope*
1.1 Thistestmethodcoversdeterminationofthecompressivestrengthofhydrauliccementmortars,using2-in.or[50-mm]cube
specimens.
NOTE 1—Test Method C349 provides an alternative procedure for this determination (not to be used for acceptance tests).
1.2 This test method covers the application of the test using either inch-pound or SI units. The values stated in either SI units
orinch-poundunitsaretoberegardedseparatelyasstandard.Withinthetext,theSIunitsareshowninbrackets.Thevaluesstated
in each system may not be exact equivalents; therefore, each system shall be used independently of the other. Combining values
from the two systems may result in nonconformance with the standard.
1.3 ValuesinSIunitsshallbeobtainedbymeasurementinSIunitsorbyappropriateconversion,usingtheRulesforConversion
and Rounding given in Standard IEEE/ASTM SI-10, of measurements made in other units.
1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility
of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory
limitations prior to use. (Warning—Fresh hydraulic cementitious mixtures are caustic and may cause chemical burns to skin and
2
tissue upon prolonged exposure. )
2. Referenced Documents
3
2.1 ASTM Standards:
C91 Specification for Masonry Cement
C114 Test Methods for Chemical Analysis of Hydraulic Cement
C150 Specification for Portland Cement
C230/C230M Specification for Flow Table for Use in Tests of Hydraulic Cement
C305 Practice for Mechanical Mixing of Hydraulic Cement Pastes and Mortars of Plastic Consistency
C349 Test Method for Compressive Strength of Hydraulic-Cement Mortars (Using Portions of Prisms Broken in Flexure)
C511 Specification for Mixing Rooms, Moist Cabinets, Moist Rooms, and Water Storage Tanks Used in the Testing of
Hydraulic Cements and Concretes
C595 Specification for Blended Hydraulic Cements
C618 Specification for Coal Fly Ash and Raw or Calcined Natural Pozzolan for Use in Concrete
C670 Practice for Preparing Precision and Bias Statements for Test Methods for Construction Materials
C778 Specification for Sand
C989 Specification for Slag Cement for Use in Concrete and Mortars
C1005 Specification for Reference Masses and Devices for Determining Mass and Volume for Use in the Physical Testing of
Hydraulic Cements
C1157 Performance Specification for Hydraulic Cement
C1328 Specification for Plastic (Stucco) Cement
C1329 Specification for Mortar Cement
C1437 Test Method for Flow of Hydraulic Cement Mortar
1
This test method is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee C01 on Cement and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee C01.27 on Strength .
Current edition approved AprilOct. 1, 2011. Published MayNovember 2011. Originally approved in 1934. Last previous edition approved in 20082011 as
C109/C109M–08.C109/C109M–11. DOI: 10.1520/C0109_C0109M-11A.
2
See the section on Safety, Manual of Cement Testing, Annual Book of ASTM Standards, Vol 04.01.
3
ForreferencedASTMstandards,visittheASTMwebsite,www.astm.org,orcontactASTMCustomerServiceatservice@astm.org.For Annual Book of ASTM Standards
volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on the ASTM website.
*A Summary of Changes section appears at the end of this standard.
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959, United States.
1

---------------------- Page: 1 ----------------------
C109/C109M – 11a
E4 Practices for Force Verification of Testing Machines
IEEE/ASTM SI-10 Standard for Use of the International System of Units (SI): The Modern Metric System
3. Summary of Test Method
3.1 The mortar used consists of 1 part cement and 2.75 parts of sand proportioned by mass. Portland or air-entraining portland
cements are mixed at specified water/cement ratios. Water content for other cements is that sufficient to obtain
...

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ASTM C596-23(Test Method)
Standard Test Method for Drying Shrinkage of Mortar Containing Hydraulic Cement

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
4.1 This test method establishes a selected set of conditions of temperature, relative humidity and rate of evaporation of the environment to which a mortar specimen of stated composition shall be subjected for a specified period of time during which its change in length is determined and designated “drying shrinkage.”  
4.2 The drying shrinkage of mortar as determined by this test method has a linear relation to the drying shrinkage of concrete made with the same cement and exposed to the same drying conditions.4 Hence this test method may be used when it is desired to develop data on the effect of a hydraulic cement on the drying shrinkage of concrete made with that cement.
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1.1 This test method determines the change in length on drying of mortar bars containing hydraulic cement and graded standard sand.  
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ASTM C114-23(Test Method)
Standard Test Methods for Chemical Analysis of Hydraulic Cement

ABSTRACT
These test methods cover the chemical analyses of hydraulic cements. Specific chemical test methods are grouped as reference test methods and alternative test methods. The reference test methods are long accepted classical chemical test methods which provide a reasonably well-integrated basic scheme of analysis for hydraulic cements and are also required for referee analysis in those cases where conformance to chemical specification requirements are questioned. Apparatus and materials for the test method include balance, weights, glassware and laboratory containers, desiccators, filter paper, crucibles, and muffle furnace. Standard reagents for the test method shall be used within the limits of the specification. These reagents shall include purity agents, water, repackaged reagents, concentrated acids and ammonium hydroxide, nonstandardized solutions, and indicator solutions. Sample preparation and general test procedures shall be followed according to the specification. General procedures include sample weighing, taring of crucibles, weighing of ignited residues, volatilization of platinum, chemical analyses, and calculation. Reporting of analyses shall be of the following order: major components, minor components, and separate determinations. Reference test methods and procedures include determination of insoluble residue, silicon dioxide, ammonium hydroxide group, ferric oxide, phosphorus pentoxide, titanium dioxide, zinc oxide, aluminum oxide, calcium oxide, magnesium oxide, sulfur, loss on ignition, sodium and potassium oxides, manganic oxide, chloride, chloroform-soluble organic substances. Alternative test methods and procedures include determination of calcium oxide, calcium dioxide, magnesium oxide, loss on ignition, titanium dioxide, phosphorus pentoxide, manganic oxide, and free calcium oxide. The standardization used for qualification and for analysis of each constituent shall be determined by valid curve-fitting procedures.
SCOPE
1.1 These test methods cover the chemical analyses of hydraulic cements. Any test methods of demonstrated acceptable precision and bias may be used for analysis of hydraulic cements, including analyses for referee and certification purposes, as explained in Section 4. Specific chemical test methods are provided for ease of reference for those desiring to use them. They are grouped as Reference Test Methods and Alternative Test Methods. The reference test methods are long accepted classical chemical test methods which provide a reasonably well-integrated basic scheme of analysis for hydraulic cements. The alternative test methods generally provide individual determination of specific analytes and may be used alone or as alternates and determinations within the basic scheme at the option of the analyst and as indicated in the individual method.  
1.2 Contents:    
Section  
Subject    
2  
Referenced Documents  
4  
Description of Referee Analyses  
4.1  
Referee Analyses  
5  
Qualification for Different Analyses  
5.1  
Certified Reference Materials  
5.2  
Requirements for Qualification Testing  
5.3  
Alternative Analyses  
5.4  
Performance Requirements for Rapid Test Methods  
6  
General  
6.1  
Interferences and Limitations  
6.2  
Apparatus and Materials  
6.3  
Reagents  
6.4  
Sample Preparation  
6.5  
General Procedures  
6.6  
Recommended Order for Reporting Analyses    
Reference Test Methods    
7  
Insoluble Residue  
8  
Silicon Dioxide  
8.2  
Cements with Insoluble Residue Less Than 1 %  
8.3  
Cements with Insoluble Residue Greater Than 1 %  
9  
Ammonium Hydroxide Group  
10  
Ferric Oxide  
11  
Phosphorus Pentoxide  
12  
Titanium Dioxide  
13  
Zinc Oxide  
14  
Aluminum Oxide  
15  
Calcium Oxide  
16  
Magnesium Oxide  
17  
Sulfur  
17.1  
Sulfur Trioxide  
17.2  
Sulfide  
18  
Loss On Ignition  
18.1  
Portland Cement  
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ASTM C1157/C1157M-23(Specification)
Standard Performance Specification for Hydraulic Cement

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1.1 This performance specification covers hydraulic cements for both general and special applications. There are no restrictions on the composition of the cement or its constituents (see Note 1).
Note 1: There are two related hydraulic cement standards, Specification C150/C150M for portland cement and Specifications C595/C595M for blended cements, both of which contain prescriptive and performance requirements  
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ABSTRACT
This specification pertains to blended hydraulic cements for both general and special applications, using slag or pozzolan, or both, with portland cement or portland cement clinker or slag with lime. These cements are classified into two types: Type IS which is portland blast-furnace slag cement and Type IP which is portland-pozzolan cement. They can also be described according to air-entraining, moderate sulfate resistance, moderate heat of hydration, high sulfate resistance, or low heat of hydration properties. The cement shall conform to the chemical requirements prescribed. In addition, the cement shall undergo different tests to determine the following properties: chemical analysis, fineness by sieving, fineness by air-permeability, autoclave expansion, time of setting, air content of mortar, compressive strength, heat of hydration, normal consistency, specific gravity, water requirement, mortar expansions of blended cement and pozzolan, drying shrinkage, activity index with Portland cement, and sulfate resistance.
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ABSTRACT
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1.1 This specification pertains to the criteria and tests to be used for determining whether a(n) organic or inorganic processing addition, when used in the recommended amount at the option of the cement producer in the manufacture of hydraulic cements, meets the requirements as prescribed by definition in Specifications C150/C150M, C1157/C1157M, C845/C845M, and C595/C595M. The materials listed in the following former ASTM Specifications shall be considered as meeting the organic processing additions requirements of this specification:    
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C340 – 58 T, for Portland Pozzolan Cement  
C358 – 58, for Slag Cement  
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1.3 The following safety hazards caveat pertains only to the test methods described in this specification. This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.  
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Standard Test Methods for Cements that Require Carbonation Curing

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
4.1 These test methods are used to develop data for comparison with the requirements of Test Methods C1910/C1910M or other specifications for cements that require carbonation curing. These test methods are based on standardized testing in the laboratory and are not intended to simulate job conditions. All tests are performed with mortar and therefore, the results may not provide a direct correlation of how the tested cementitious material will perform in concrete.  
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1.1 These test methods cover procedures for testing cements that require carbonation curing and are intended for use in concrete.  
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Bound Carbon Dioxide  
Section 10  
1.3 The values stated in either SI units or inch-pound units are to be regarded separately as standard. The values stated in each system may not be exact equivalents; therefore, each system shall be used independently of the other. Combining values from the two systems may result in nonconformance with this standard. Some values only have SI units because the inch-pound equivalents are not used in standard.  
1.4 If required results obtained from another standard are not reported in the same system of units as used by this standard, it is permitted to convert those results using the conversion factors found in the SI Quick Reference Guide, Annex A in Form and Style for ASTM Standards, www.astm.org/COMMIT/Blue_Book.pdf.  
1.5 The text of this standard refers to notes and footnotes that provide explanatory material. These notes and footnotes (excluding those in tables and figures) shall not be considered as requirements of the standard.  
1.6 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use. Warning—Common cementitious mixtures are caustic and may cause burns to skin and tissue upon prolonged exposure.2  
1.7 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

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ASTM
ASTM C1600/C1600M-23(Specification)
Standard Specification for Rapid Hardening Hydraulic Cement

ABSTRACT
This specification covers performance requirements for rapid hardening hydraulic cements. There are no restrictions on the compositions of the cement or its constituents. The specification classifies cements by type based on specific requirements for very early compressive strength development. The following are the four types of rapid hardening cement: (1) Type URH, ultra rapid hardening for use where high early strength is desired; (2) Type VRH, very rapid hardening for use where very high early strength is desired; (3) Type MRH, medium rapid hardening for use where mid-range hardening high early strength is desired; and (4) Type GRH, general rapid hardening for use when the higher strength properties of a Type VRH or a Type MRH cement is not required. Cement of the type specified shall conform to all of the applicable standard physical requirements for compressive strength and drying shrinkage. Cement shall be tested using the following methods: autoclave expansion; time of setting; compressive strength; drying shrinkage of mortar; heat of hydration; surface resistance; alkali silica resistivity; and expansion in water.
SCOPE
1.1 This specification is for rapid hardening hydraulic cements. This is a specification giving performance requirements. There are no restrictions on the composition of the cement or its constituents.  
1.2 The specification classifies cements by type based on specific requirements for very early compressive strength development.  
1.3 The values stated in either SI units or inch-pound units shall be regarded separately as standard. The values stated in each system are not exact equivalents; therefore, each system shall be used independently of the other. Combining values from the two systems may result in nonconformance with the standard.  
1.4 The text of this standard refers to notes and footnotes that provide explanatory material. These notes and footnotes (excluding those in tables and figures) are not requirements of the standard.  
1.5 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use. (Warning—Fresh hydraulic cementitious mixtures are caustic and may cause chemical burns to skin and tissue upon prolonged exposure.2)  
1.6 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

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ASTM
ASTM C1905/C1905M-23(Specification)
Standard Specification for Cements that Require Carbonation Curing

SCOPE
1.1 This specification covers cements that require controlled exposure to carbon dioxide to achieve strength, referred to as carbonation curing. These cements are for use in concrete that does not contain steel reinforcement. There are no restrictions on the constituents of the cement. The producer is required to demonstrate that carbon dioxide is chemically bound by the cement.  
1.2 The values stated in either SI units or inch-pound units are to be regarded separately as standard. The values stated in each system are not necessarily exact equivalents; therefore, to ensure conformance with the standard, each system shall be used independently of the other, and values from the two systems shall not be combined. Values are stated in only SI units when inch-pound units are not used in practice.  
1.3 If required results obtained from another standard are not reported in the same system of units as used by this standard, it is permitted to convert those results using the conversion factors found in the SI Quick Reference Guide, Annex A in Form and Style for ASTM Standards, www.astm.org/COMMIT/Blue_Book.pdf.  
1.4 The text of this standard refers to notes and footnotes that provide explanatory material. These notes and footnotes (excluding those in tables and figures) are not requirements of the standard.  
1.5 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.  
1.6 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

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ASTM
ASTM C187-23(Test Method)
Standard Test Method for Amount of Water Required for Normal Consistency of Hydraulic Cement Paste

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
4.1 This test method is intended to be used to determine the amount of water required to prepare hydraulic cement pastes with normal consistency, as required for certain standard tests.
SCOPE
1.1 This test method covers the determination of the normal consistency of hydraulic cement.  
1.2 Units—The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard.  
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use. See 1.4 for a specific warning statement.  
1.4 Warning—Fresh hydraulic cementitious mixtures are caustic and may cause chemical burns to skin and tissue upon prolonged exposure.2  
1.5 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

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ASTM
ASTM C183/C183M-23(Practice)
Standard Practice for Sampling and the Amount of Testing of Hydraulic Cement

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
4.1 The sampling procedures described are intended for use in the procurement of samples of hydraulic cement after it has been manufactured and is ready to be offered for sale. They are not intended as sampling procedures for quality control purposes during manufacturing. The testing procedures outlined cover the amount of testing to be done and provide guidance for reporting on conformance or non-conformance of cements with requirements of purchase specifications.  
4.2 This practice is referenced as the procedure for sampling natural cement (Specification C10/C10M), masonry cement (Specification C91/C91M), portland cement (Specification C150/C150M), blended hydraulic cement (Specification C595/C595M), expansive hydraulic cement (Specification C845/C845M), hydraulic cement based on a performance specification (Specification C1157/C1157M), plastic stucco cement (Specification C1328/C1328M), and mortar cement (Specification C1329/C1329M), and  
4.3 Most building codes and construction specifications require that hydraulic cement to be used in the work meet the applicable requirements of the relevant purchase specifications, such as Specifications C10/C10M, C91/C91M, C150/C150M, C595/C595M, C1157/C1157M, C1328/C1328M, C1329/C1329M, or C845/C845M. If the code or specification requires sampling of the manufactured cement, the provisions given in 4.4 are applicable. Not much cement is sold on the basis of such sampling and testing. A useful discussion of sampling and testing cement is contained in ACI 225.1R.  
4.4 The procedures covered in this practice should be done by or for purchasers of hydraulic cement who are using a code or specification that requires sampling and testing to determine if the samples conform to the relevant acceptance specifications. The testing is done using specified methods to determine whether the samples yield test results that conform to the specification, and the tests serve as a basis for acceptance or rejection of the lot of material ...
SCOPE
1.1 This practice covers procedures for sampling and for the amount of testing of hydraulic cement after it has been manufactured and is ready to be offered for sale.  
1.2 The values stated in either SI units or inch-pound units are to be regarded separately as standard. The values stated in each system may not be exact equivalents; therefore, each system shall be used independently of the other. Combining values from the two systems may result in non-conformance with the standard. Values in SI units [or inch-pound units] shall be obtained by measurement in SI units [or inch-pound units] or by appropriate conversion, using the Rules for Conversion and Rounding given in Standard IEEE/ASTM SI 10, Values are stated in only SI units when inch-pound units are not used in practice  
1.3 The text of this standard references notes and footnotes which provide explanatory material. These notes and footnotes (excluding those in tables and figures) shall not be considered requirements of the standard.  
1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.  
1.5 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

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