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ASTM D6768-04

(Test Method)

Standard Test Method for Tensile Strength of Geosynthetic Clay Liners

Standard Test Method for Tensile Strength of Geosynthetic Clay Liners

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
This test method may be used for the acceptance testing of commercial shipments of GCLs but caution is advised since information about between-laboratory precision is incomplete. Comparative tests as directed in 5.1.1 may be advisable.
5.1.1 In cases of a dispute arising from differences in reported test results when using this test method for acceptance of shipments, the purchaser and the supplier should conduct comparative tests to determine if there is a statistical bias. The two parties should take a group of test samples that are as homogeneous as possible and which are from the lot of material in question.
Some modification of clamping techniques may be necessary for a given GCL depending upon its structure. Specimen clamping may be modified as required at the discretion of the individual laboratory providing a representative tensile strength is obtained. In any event, the procedure described in Section 10 of this test method for obtaining tensile strength must be maintained.
This test method is applicable for testing GCLs as received. It is used with a constant rate of extension type tension apparatus.
SCOPE
1.1 The test method establishes the procedures for the measurement of tensile strength of Geosynthetic Clay Liner (GCL). This test method is strictly an index test method to be used to verify the tensile strength of GCLs. Results from this test method should not be considered as an indication of actual or long-term performance of the geosynthetic(s) in field applications.
1.2 The values in SI units are to be regarded as the standard. Values in pound units are in parentheses for information.
1.3 This standard may involve hazardous materials, operations, and equipment. This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.

General Information

Status
Historical
Publication Date
31-May-2004
ICS
59.080.70 - Geotextiles
Technical Committee
D35 - Geosynthetics
Drafting Committee
D35.04 - Geosynthetic Clay Liners
Current Stage
Ref Project

Relations

Replaces
ASTM D6768-03 - Standard Test Method for Tensile Strength of Geosynthetic Clay Liners
Effective Date
01-Jun-2004
Replaced By
ASTM D6768-04(2009) - Standard Test Method for Tensile Strength of Geosynthetic Clay Liners
Effective Date
01-Nov-2009

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ASTM D6768-04 - Standard Test Method for Tensile Strength of Geosynthetic Clay LinersASTM D6768-04 - Standard Test Method for Tensile Strength of Geosynthetic Clay Liners
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ASTM D6768-04 - Standard Test Method for Tensile Strength of Geosynthetic Clay Liners
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Standards Content (Sample)

NOTICE: This standard has either been superseded and replaced by a new version or withdrawn.
Contact ASTM International (www.astm.org) for the latest information.
Designation:D6768–04
Standard Test Method for
1
Tensile Strength of Geosynthetic Clay Liners
This standard is issued under the fixed designation D6768; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope 3. Terminology
1.1 The test method establishes the procedures for the 3.1 geosynthetic, n—a product manufactured wholly or in
measurement of tensile strength of Geosynthetic Clay Liner part from polymeric material used with soil, rock, earth, or
(GCL). This test method is strictly an index test method to be other geotechnical engineering related material as an integral
used to verify the tensile strength of GCLs. Results from this part of a project, structure, or system. D4439
test method should not be considered as an indication of actual 3.2 geosynthetic clay liner, n—a manufactured hydraulic
or long-term performance of the geosynthetic(s) in field barrier consisting of clay bonded to a layer or layers of
applications. geosynthetic material(s).
1.2 The values in SI units are to be regarded as the standard. 3.3 For terminology of other terms used in this test method,
Values in pound units are in parentheses for information. refer to Terminologies D123 and D4439.
1.3 This standard may involve hazardous materials, opera-
4. Summary of Test Method
tions, and equipment. This standard does not purport to
4.1 A100 mm (4-in). wide specimen is gripped across its
address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its
use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to entirewidthintheclampsofaconstantrateofextension(CRE)
type tensile testing machine operated at a prescribed rate of
establish appropriate safety and health practices and deter-
mine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use. extension, applying a longitudinal force to the specimen until
the specimen ruptures.
2. Referenced Documents
2
5. Significance and Use
2.1 ASTM Standards:
5.1 This test method may be used for the acceptance testing
D76 Specification for Tensile Testing Machines for Textiles
D123 Terminology Relating to Textiles of commercial shipments of GCLs but caution is advised since
D2905 PracticeforStatementsonNumberofSpecimensfor information about between-laboratory precision is incomplete.
3
Comparative tests as directed in 5.1.1 may be advisable.
Textiles
D4439 Terminology for Geosynthetics 5.1.1 In cases of a dispute arising from differences in
reported test results when using this test method for acceptance
D5889 Practice for Quality Control of Geosynthetic Clay
Liners of shipments, the purchaser and the supplier should conduct
comparative tests to determine if there is a statistical bias. The
D6072 Practice for Obtaining Samples of Geosynthetic
Clay Liners two parties should take a group of test samples that are as
homogeneous as possible and which are from the lot of
material in question.
5.2 Some modification of clamping techniques may be
1
This test method is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D35 on
necessary for a given GCL depending upon its structure.
Geosynthetics and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee D35.04 on Geosyn-
thetic Clay Liners. Specimen clamping may be modified as required at the
Current edition approved June 1, 2004. Published June 2004. Originally
discretion of the individual laboratory providing a representa-
approved in 2002. Last previous edition approved in 2003 as D6768–03 DOI:
tive tensile strength is obtained. In any event, the procedure
10.1520/D6768-04.
2
described in Section 10 of this test method for obtaining tensile
For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or
contact ASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM
strength must be maintained.
Standards volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on
5.3 This test method is applicable for testing GCLs as
the ASTM website.
3 received. It is used with a constant rate of extension type
Withdrawn. The last approved version of this historical standard is referenced
on www.astm.org. tension apparatus.
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959, United States.
1

---------------------- Page: 1 ----------------------
D6768–04
6. Apparatus 9.4.3 If a specimen slips in the jaws, or if for any reason
attributable to faulty operation the results fall significantly
6.1 Tensile Testing Machine, a constant rate of extension
below the average for the set of specimens, discard the results
(CRE) type of testing machine described in Specification D76
and test another specimen. Continue
...

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1.2.2 For soils with a plasticity index of 5 or more, it is recommended to use Test Method D5567 (‘HCR,’ Hydraulic Conductivity Ratio) instead of this test method.  
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Standard Test Method for Determining Integrity of Seams Produced Using Thermo-Fusion Methods for Reinforced Geomembranes by the Strip Tensile Method

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4.1 The use of reinforced geomembranes as barrier materials has created a need for a standard test method to evaluate the quality of seams produced by thermo-fusion methods. This test method is used for quality control purposes and is intended to provide quality control and quality assurance personnel with data to evaluate seam quality.  
4.2 This standard arose from the need for a destructive test method for evaluating seams of reinforced geomembranes. Standards written for destructive testing of nonreinforced geomembranes do not include all break codes (Fig. 1) applicable to reinforced geomembranes.
FIG. 1 Break Codes for Dual Hot Wedge and Hot Air Seams of Reinforced Geomembranes Tested for Seam Strength in Shear and Peel Modes  
4.3 When reinforcement occurs in directions other than machine and cross-machine, scrim are cut at specimen edges, generally lowering results. To partially compensate for this, testing can be performed according to Test Method D7749 or the 2 in. wide strip specimen specified in this method can be utilized. Testing of 1 in. and 2 in. specimens is Method A and Method B, respectively.  
4.4 The shear test outlined in this method correlates to strength of parent material measured according to Test Method D7003/D7003M only if reinforcement is parallel to TD. For other materials, seam strength and parent material strength can be compared through Test Methods D7749 and D7004/D7004M. Values obtained with the strip methods shall not be compared to values obtained with grab methods.
SCOPE
1.1 This test method describes destructive quality control tests used to determine the integrity of thermo-fusion seams made with reinforced geomembranes. Test procedures are described for seam tests for peel and shear properties using strip specimens.  
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1.3 The types of materials covered by this test method include, but are not limited to, reinforced geomembranes made from the following polymers:  
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1.3.2 Linear low-density polyethylene (LLDPE).  
1.3.3 Flexible polypropylene (fPP).  
1.3.4 Polyvinyl chloride (PVC).  
1.3.5 Chlorosulfonated polyethylene (CSPE).  
1.3.6 Ethylene interpolymer alloy (EIA).  
1.4 Units—The values stated in either SI units or inch-pound units are to be regarded separately as standard. The values stated in each system may not be exact equivalents; therefore, each system shall be used independently of the other. Combining values from the two systems may result in nonconformance with the standard.  
1.5 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish ap...

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SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
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5.2 The statements set forth in 1.6 are very important in the context of significance and use, as well as scope of the standard.  
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Note 1: Currently, SIM testing has focused mainly on woven and knitted geogrids and woven geotextiles made from polyester, aramid, polyaramid, poly-vinyl alcohol (PVA), and polypropylene yarns and narrow strips. Additional correlation studies on other materials are needed.  
5.4 Creep-rupture test data are used to develop a regression line relating creep stress to rupture time. These results predict the long-term rupture strength expected for geosynthetics in reinforcement applications.  
5.5 Tensile testing is used to establish the ultimate tensile strength (TULT) of a material and to determine elastic stress, strain, and variations thereof for SIM tests.  
5.6 Ramp and Hold (R+H) testing is done to establish the range of creep strains experienced in the brief period of very rapid response following the peak of the load ramp.
SCOPE
1.1 This test method covers accelerated testing for tensile creep, and tensile creep-rupture properties using the Stepped Isothermal Method (SIM).  
1.2 The test method is focused on geosynthetic reinforcement materials such as yarns, ribs of geogrids, or narrow geotextile specimens.  
1.3 The SIM tests are laterally unconfined tests based on time-temperature superposition procedures.  
1.4 Tensile tests are to be completed before SIM tests and the results are used to determine the stress levels for subsequent SIM tests defined in terms of the percentage of Ultimate Tensile Strength (TULT). Additionally, the tensile test can be designed to provide estimates of the initial elastic strain distributions appropriate for the SIM results.  
1.5 Ramp and Hold (R+H) tests may be completed in conjunction with SIM tests. They are designed to provide additional estimates of the initial elastic and initial rapid creep strain levels appropriate for the SIM results.  
1.6 This method can be used to establish the sustained load creep and creep-rupture characteristics of a geosynthetic. Results of this method are to be used to augment results of Test Method D5262 and may not be used as the sole basis for determination of long-term creep and creep-rupture behavior of geosynthetic material.  
1.7 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard.  
1.8 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.  
1.9 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

  • Standard
    9 pages
    English language
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ASTM
ASTM D7106/D7106M-05(2023)(Guide)
Standard Guide for Selection of Test Methods for Ethylene Propylene Diene Terpolymer (EPDM) Geomembranes

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
4.1 This standard provides guidance to obtain data that is the most representative of the material’s characteristics and performance. To properly evaluate EPDM, tests should be performed in accordance with specific test methods and procedures.
SCOPE
1.1 This guide covers and provides recommendations for the selection of appropriate test methods for Ethylene Propylene Diene Terpolymer (EPDM) geomembranes used in geotechnical and geoenvironmental applications.  
1.2 This guide includes test methods for three different types of EPDM geomembranes including: scrim-reinforced membranes, composite membranes, and smooth, nonreinforced membranes.  
1.3 The test methods are divided into three categories including manufacturing quality control, optional performance tests, and seam testing.  
1.4 The values stated in either SI units or inch-pound units are to be regarded separately as standard. The values stated in each system are not necessarily exact equivalents; therefore, to ensure conformance with the standard, each system shall be used independently of the other, and values from the two systems shall not be combined.  
1.5 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.  
1.6 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

  • Guide
    3 pages
    English language
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