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ASTM A1065/A1065M-15

(Specification)

Standard Specification for Cold-Formed Electric-Fusion (Arc) Welded High-Strength Low–Alloy Structural Tubing in Shapes, with 50 ksi [345 MPa] Minimum Yield Point

Standard Specification for Cold-Formed Electric-Fusion (Arc) Welded High-Strength Low–Alloy Structural Tubing in Shapes, with 50 ksi [345 MPa] Minimum Yield Point

SCOPE
1.1 This specification covers three Types and two Grades of cold formed electric-fusion (arc) welded high-strength low-alloy steel tubing of 50 ksi [345 MPa] minimum yield point for use in welded or bolted construction of buildings and for general structural purposes.  
1.2 This tubing is produced in square and rectangular sizes with a periphery of 200 in. [500 cm] or less and a specified wall thickness of 1.00 in. [25 mm] or less. Tubes are joined by two longitudinal electric-fusion (arc) welds. Circumferential welds are disallowed. Sizes outside of those listed in Tables 4 and 5 may be ordered provided all other requirements of the specification are met. Typical lengths are 15 to 50 ft. [5 to 15 m]. (A) Individual specifications may have more than one Grade or Type and provide chemical requirements.    (A) Consult the producer for weight per foot calculations.  (A) Consult the producer for weight per foot calculations.  
Note 1: Products manufactured to this specification may not be suitable for those applications such as dynamically loaded elements in welded structures, etc. where low-temperature toughness properties may be important. (See Supplementary Requirement S1.)  
1.3 This specification covers the following Types:  
1.3.1 Type 1—Welded with backing, backing left in the product,  
1.3.2 Type 2—Welded with backing, backing removed,  
1.3.3 Type 3—Welded without backing.  
1.4 Tubing is available in Grades 50 [345] and 50W [345W]. Grade 50 [345] is manufactured from high-strength low-alloy steel. Grade 50W [345W] is manufactured from high-strength low-alloy steel with enhanced atmospheric corrosion resistance. (See 10.1.2) The Grades may not be interchanged without approval of the purchaser. ASTM Specifications for plate that may be applied to Grade 50 [345] and 50W [345W] are listed in Reference Documents and in Table 1.  
1.5 This specification is expressed in both inch-pound units and in SI units; however, unless the purchase order or contract specifies the applicable M specification designation (SI units), the inch-pound units shall apply. The values stated in either SI units or inch-pound units are to be regarded separately as standard. Within the text, the SI units are shown in brackets. The values stated in each system may not be exact equivalents; therefore, each system shall be used independently of the other. Combining values from the two systems may result in nonconformance with the standard.  
1.6 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.

General Information

Status
Historical
Publication Date
30-Apr-2015
ICS
23.040.10 - Iron and steel pipes
Technical Committee
A01 - Steel, Stainless Steel and Related Alloys
Drafting Committee
A01.09 - Carbon Steel Tubular Products
Current Stage
Ref Project

Relations

Replaces
ASTM A1065/A1065M-09(2014) - Standard Specification for Cold-Formed Electric-Fusion (Arc) Welded High-Strength Low–Alloy Structural Tubing in Shapes, with 50 ksi [345 MPa] Minimum Yield Point
Effective Date
01-May-2015
Replaced By
ASTM A1065/A1065M-18 - Standard Specification for Cold-Formed Electric-Fusion (Arc) Welded High-Strength Low–Alloy Structural Tubing in Shapes, with 50 ksi [345 MPa] Minimum Yield Point
Effective Date
01-Sep-2018

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ASTM A1065/A1065M-15 - Standard Specification for Cold-Formed Electric-Fusion (Arc) Welded High-Strength Low–Alloy Structural Tubing in Shapes, with 50 ksi [345 MPa] Minimum Yield PointASTM A1065/A1065M-15 - Standard Specification for Cold-Formed Electric-Fusion (Arc) Welded High-Strength Low–Alloy Structural Tubing in Shapes, with 50 ksi [345 MPa] Minimum Yield Point
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ASTM A1065/A1065M-15 - Standard Specification for Cold-Formed Electric-Fusion (Arc) Welded High-Strength Low–Alloy Structural Tubing in Shapes, with 50 ksi [345 MPa] Minimum Yield Point
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REDLINE ASTM A1065/A1065M-15 - Standard Specification for Cold-Formed Electric-Fusion (Arc) Welded High-Strength Low–Alloy Structural Tubing in Shapes, with 50 ksi [345 MPa] Minimum Yield PointREDLINE ASTM A1065/A1065M-15 - Standard Specification for Cold-Formed Electric-Fusion (Arc) Welded High-Strength Low–Alloy Structural Tubing in Shapes, with 50 ksi [345 MPa] Minimum Yield Point
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REDLINE ASTM A1065/A1065M-15 - Standard Specification for Cold-Formed Electric-Fusion (Arc) Welded High-Strength Low–Alloy Structural Tubing in Shapes, with 50 ksi [345 MPa] Minimum Yield Point
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Standards Content (Sample)

NOTICE: This standard has either been superseded and replaced by a new version or withdrawn.
Contact ASTM International (www.astm.org) for the latest information
Designation:A1065/A1065M −15
Standard Specification for
Cold-Formed Electric-Fusion (Arc) Welded High-Strength
Low–Alloy Structural Tubing in Shapes, with 50 ksi [345
1
MPa] Minimum Yield Point
This standard is issued under the fixed designation A1065/A1065M; the number immediately following the designation indicates the
year of original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last
reapproval. A superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope* units or inch-pound units are to be regarded separately as
standard. Within the text, the SI units are shown in brackets.
1.1 This specification covers three Types and two Grades of
The values stated in each system may not be exact equivalents;
cold formed electric-fusion (arc) welded high-strength low-
therefore,eachsystemshallbeusedindependentlyoftheother.
alloy steel tubing of 50 ksi [345 MPa] minimum yield point for
Combining values from the two systems may result in noncon-
use in welded or bolted construction of buildings and for
formance with the standard.
general structural purposes.
1.6 This standard does not purport to address all of the
1.2 This tubing is produced in square and rectangular sizes
safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the
withaperipheryof200in.[500cm]orlessandaspecifiedwall
responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-
thickness of 1.00 in. [25 mm] or less. Tubes are joined by two
priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-
longitudinal electric-fusion (arc) welds. Circumferential welds
bility of regulatory limitations prior to use.
are disallowed. Sizes outside of those listed in Tables 4 and 5
may be ordered provided all other requirements of the speci-
2. Referenced Documents
fication are met. Typical lengths are 15 to 50 ft. [5 to 15 m].
2
2.1 ASTM Standards:
NOTE 1—Products manufactured to this specification may not be
A6/A6M Specification for General Requirements for Rolled
suitable for those applications such as dynamically loaded elements in
Structural Steel Bars, Plates, Shapes, and Sheet Piling
welded structures, etc. where low-temperature toughness properties may
be important. (See Supplementary Requirement S1.) A242/A242M Specification for High-Strength Low-Alloy
Structural Steel
1.3 This specification covers the following Types:
A572/A572M Specification for High-Strength Low-Alloy
1.3.1 Type 1—Welded with backing, backing left in the
Columbium-Vanadium Structural Steel
product,
A588/A588M Specification for High-Strength Low-Alloy
1.3.2 Type 2—Welded with backing, backing removed,
Structural Steel, up to 50 ksi [345 MPa] Minimum Yield
1.3.3 Type 3—Welded without backing.
Point, with Atmospheric Corrosion Resistance
1.4 Tubing is available in Grades 50 [345] and 50W
A656/A656M Specification for Hot-Rolled Structural Steel,
[345W]. Grade 50 [345] is manufactured from high-strength
High-Strength Low-Alloy Plate with Improved Formabil-
low-alloy steel. Grade 50W [345W] is manufactured from
ity
high-strength low-alloy steel with enhanced atmospheric cor-
A700 Guide for Packaging, Marking, and Loading Methods
rosion resistance. (See 10.1.2) The Grades may not be inter-
for Steel Products for Shipment
changed without approval of the purchaser. ASTM Specifica-
A709/A709M Specification for Structural Steel for Bridges
tions for plate that may be applied to Grade 50 [345] and 50W
A941 TerminologyRelatingtoSteel,StainlessSteel,Related
[345W] are listed in Reference Documents and in Table 1.
Alloys, and Ferroalloys
1.5 This specification is expressed in both inch-pound units
A945/A945M Specification for High-Strength Low-Alloy
and in SI units; however, unless the purchase order or contract
Structural Steel Plate with Low Carbon and Restricted
specifies the applicable M specification designation (SI units),
Sulfur for Improved Weldability, Formability, and Tough-
the inch-pound units shall apply. The values stated in either SI
ness
G101 Guide for Estimating the Atmospheric Corrosion Re-
sistance of Low-Alloy Steels
1
This specification is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee A01 on Steel,
Stainless Steel and Related Alloys and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee
2
A01.09 on Carbon Steel Tubular Products. For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or
Current edition approved May 1, 2015. Published May 2015. Originally contact ASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM
approved in 2009. Last previous edition approved in 2014 as A1065/A1065M - 09 Standards volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on
(2014). DOI: 10.1520/A1065_A1065M-15. the ASTM website.
*A Summary of Changes section appears at the end of this standard
Copyright ©ASTM Internat
...

This document is not an ASTM standard and is intended only to provide the user of an ASTM standard an indication of what changes have been made to the previous version. Because
it may not be technically possible to adequately depict all changes accurately, ASTM recommends that users consult prior editions as appropriate. In all cases only the current version
of the standard as published by ASTM is to be considered the official document.
Designation: A1065/A1065M − 09 (Reapproved 2014) A1065/A1065M − 15
Standard Specification for
Cold-Formed Electric-Fusion (Arc) Welded High-Strength
Low–Alloy Structural Tubing in Shapes, with 50 ksi [345
1
MPa] Minimum Yield Point
This standard is issued under the fixed designation A1065/A1065M; the number immediately following the designation indicates the
year of original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last
reapproval. A superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope Scope*
1.1 This specification covers three Types and two Grades of cold formed electric-fusion (arc) welded high-strength low-alloy
steel tubing of 50 ksi [345 MPa] minimum yield point for use in welded or bolted construction of buildings and for general
structural purposes.
1.2 This tubing is produced in square and rectangular sizes with a periphery of 200 in. [500 cm] or less and a specified wall
thickness of 1.00 in. [25 mm] or less. Tubes are joined by two longitudinal electric-fusion (arc) welds. Circumferential welds are
disallowed. Sizes outside of those listed in Tables 4 and 5 may be ordered provided all other requirements of the specification are
met. Typical lengths are 15 to 50 ft. [5 to 15 m].
NOTE 1—Products manufactured to this specification may not be suitable for those applications such as dynamically loaded elements in welded
structures, etc. where low-temperature toughness properties may be important. (See Supplementary Requirement S1.)
1.3 This specification covers the following Types:
1.3.1 Type 1—Welded with backing, backing left in the product,
1.3.2 Type 2—Welded with backing, backing removed,
1.3.3 Type 3—Welded without backing.
1.4 Tubing is available in Grades 50 [345] and 50W [345W]. Grade 50 [345] is manufactured from high-strength low-alloy
steel. Grade 50W [345W] is manufactured from high-strength low-alloy steel with enhanced atmospheric corrosion resistance. (See
10.1.2) The Grades may not be interchanged without approval of the purchaser. ASTM Specifications for plate that may be applied
to Grade 50 [345] and 50W [345W] are listed in Reference Documents and in Table 1.
1.5 This specification is expressed in both inch-pound units and in SI units; however, unless the purchase order or contract
specifies the applicable M specification designation (SI units), the inch-pound units shall apply. The values stated in either SI units
or inch-pound units are to be regarded separately as standard. Within the text, the SI units are shown in brackets. The values stated
in each system may not be exact equivalents; therefore, each system shall be used independently of the other. Combining values
from the two systems may result in nonconformance with the standard.
1.6 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility
of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory
limitations prior to use.
2. Referenced Documents
2
2.1 ASTM Standards:
A6/A6M Specification for General Requirements for Rolled Structural Steel Bars, Plates, Shapes, and Sheet Piling
A242/A242M Specification for High-Strength Low-Alloy Structural Steel
A572/A572M Specification for High-Strength Low-Alloy Columbium-Vanadium Structural Steel
A588/A588M Specification for High-Strength Low-Alloy Structural Steel, up to 50 ksi [345 MPa] Minimum Yield Point, with
Atmospheric Corrosion Resistance
1
This specification is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee A01 on Steel, Stainless Steel and Related Alloys and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee A01.09
on Carbon Steel Tubular Products.
Current edition approved March 1, 2014May 1, 2015. Published March 2014May 2015. Originally approved in 2009. Last previous edition approved in 20092014 as
A1065/A1065M - 09. 09 (2014). DOI: 10.1520/A1065_A1065M-09R14.10.1520/A1065_A1065M-15.
2
For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or contact ASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM Standards
volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on the ASTM website.
*A Summary of Changes section appears at the end of this standard
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States
1

---------------------- Page: 1 ----------------------
A1065/A1065M − 15
A
TABLE 1 ASTM Plate Specification
...

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1.3 Supplementary requirements (S1 to S7) of an optional nature are provided. Supplementary requirements S1 to S5 call for additional tests to be made, and when desired shall be so stated in the order, together with the number of such tests required as applicable.  
1.4 The values stated in either SI units or inch-pound units are to be regarded separately as standard. Within the text, the SI units are shown in brackets. The values stated in each system may not be exact equivalents; therefore, each system shall be used independently of the other. Combining values from the two systems may result in non-conformance with the standard. The inch-pound units shall apply unless the “M” designation of this specification is specified in the order.  
1.5 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

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ASTM
ASTM A1119/A1119M-23a(Specification)
Standard Specification for Welded Partially Corrugated Stainless Steel Tube for Potable Water and General Service

SCOPE
1.1 This specification describes welded austenitic, ferritic, and duplex stainless steel tube on which the external and internal surface has been modified by a cold forming process to produce an intermittent corrugation for improved formability and resistance to seismic and other environmental distortions. The tubes are used for potable water service lines and other liquid delivery systems in nominal diameters from 1/2 to 2 in. [13 to 50 mm].  
1.2 The tube sizes and thicknesses usually furnished to this specification are 0.625 to 2.125 in. [15.88 to 48.60 mm], outside diameter and 0.028 to 0.049 in. [0.8 to 1.2 mm], inclusive, in wall thickness.  
1.3 The grades of austenitic, ferritic, and duplex stainless steels included in this specification shall conform to materials listed in the governing straight tube Specifications A268/A268M, A269/A269M, or A789/A789M. Selection will depend upon design and service requirements.  
1.4 The values stated in either SI units or inch-pound units are to be regarded separately as standard. The values stated in each system may not be exact equivalents; therefore, each system shall be used independently of the other. Combining values from the two systems may result in non-conformance with the standard.  
1.5 This specification is expressed in both inch-pound and SI units. However, unless the order specifies the applicable “M” specification designation (SI units), the material shall be furnished in inch-pound units.  
1.6 The following safety hazards statement pertains only to the test methods of this specification. This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.  
1.7 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

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ASTM
ASTM A790/A790M-23(Specification)
Standard Specification for Seamless and Welded Ferritic/Austenitic Stainless Steel Pipe

ABSTRACT
The specification covers seamless and straight-seam welded ferritic/austenitic steel pipe for general corrosive service, with particular emphasis on resistance to stress corrosion cracking. The pipe shall be made by the seamless or an automatic welding process, with no addition of filler metal in the welding operation. Heat analysis shall be made to determine the percentages of the elements specified. Tension tests, hardening tests, flattening tests, hydrostatic tests and nondestructive electric tests shall be made to conform to the specified requirements.
SCOPE
1.1 This specification2 covers seamless and straight-seam welded ferritic/austenitic steel pipe intended for general corrosive service, with particular emphasis on resistance to stress corrosion cracking. These steels are susceptible to embrittlement if used for prolonged periods at elevated temperatures.  
1.2 Optional supplementary requirements are provided for pipe when a greater degree of testing is desired. These supplementary requirements call for additional tests to be made and, when desired, one or more of these may be specified in the order.  
1.3 Appendix X1 of this specification lists the dimensions of welded and seamless stainless steel pipe as shown in ANSI B36.19. Pipe having other dimensions may be furnished provided such pipe complies with all other requirements of this specification.  
1.4 The values stated in either SI units or inch-pound units are to be regarded separately as standard. Within the text, the SI units are shown in brackets. The values stated in each system may not be exact equivalents; therefore, each system shall be used independently of the other. Combining values from the two systems may result in non-conformance with the standard. The inch-pound units shall apply unless the M designation of this specification is specified in the order.  
Note 1: The dimensionless designator NPS (nominal pipe size) has been substituted in this standard for such traditional terms as nominal diameter, size, and nominal size.  
1.5 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

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ASTM
ASTM A213/A213M-23(Specification)
Standard Specification for Seamless Ferritic and Austenitic Alloy-Steel Boiler, Superheater, and Heat-Exchanger Tubes

ABSTRACT
This specification covers seamless ferritic and austenitic steel boiler, superheater, and heat-exchanger tubes. Grades containing the letter H in their designation have requirements different from those of similar grades not containing the letter H. These different requirements provide higher creep-rupture strength than normally achievable in similar grades without these different requirements. The tubes shall be made by the seamless process and shall be either hot finished or cold finished, as specified. Grade TP347HFG shall be cold finished. Heat treatment shall be done separately and in addition to heating for hot forming. The ferritic alloy and ferritic stainless steels shall be reheated. On the other hand, austenitic stainless steel tubes shall be furnished in the heat-treated condition. Alternatively, immediately after hot forming, while the temperature of the tubes is not less than the minimum solution temperature, tubes may be individually quenched in water or rapidly cooled by other means. Tension test, hardness test, flattening test, and flaring test shall be done to each tube. Also, each tube shall be subjected to the nondestructive electric test or hydrostatic test.
SCOPE
1.1 This specification2 covers seamless ferritic and austenitic steel boiler, superheater, and heat-exchanger tubes, designated Grades T5, TP304, etc. These steels are listed in Tables 1 and 2.    
1.2 Grades containing the letter, H, in their designation, have requirements different from those of similar grades not containing the letter, H. These different requirements provide higher creep-rupture strength than normally achievable in similar grades without these different requirements.  
1.3 The tubing sizes and thicknesses usually furnished to this specification are 1/8 in. [3.2 mm] in inside diameter to 5 in. [127 mm] in outside diameter and 0.015 to 0.500 in. [0.4 to 12.7 mm], inclusive, in minimum wall thickness or, if specified in the order, average wall thickness. Tubing having other diameters may be furnished, provided such tubes comply with all other requirements of this specification.  
1.4 The values stated in either SI units or inch-pound units are to be regarded separately as standard. Within the text, the SI units are shown in brackets. The values stated in each system may not be exact equivalents; therefore, each system shall be used independently of the other. Combining values from the two systems may result in non-conformance with the standard. The inch-pound units shall apply unless the “M” designation of this specification is specified in the order.  
1.5 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

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ASTM
ASTM A270/A270M-23(Specification)
Standard Specification for Seamless and Welded Austenitic and Ferritic/Austenitic Stainless Steel Sanitary Tubing

ABSTRACT
This specification covers grades of seamless, welded, and heavily cold worked austenitic and ferritic/austenitic stainless steel sanitary tubing. Seamless tubes shall be manufactured by a process that does not involve welding at any stage. Welded tubes shall be made using an automated welding process with no addition of filler metal during the welding process. Heavily cold worked tubes shall be made by applying cold working of not less than 35% reduction of thickness of both wall and weld to a welded tube prior to the final anneal. No filler shall be used in making the weld. All material shall be furnished in the heat-treated condition. A chemical analysis of either one length of flat-rolled stock or one tube shall be made for each heat. Each tube shall be subjected to mechanical tests like reverse flattening test, hydrostatic test or nondestructive electric test. The following surface finishes may be specified: mill finish, mechanically polished surface finish, finish No. 80, finish No. 120, finish No. 180, finish No. 240, electropolished finish, and maximum roughness average surface finish. Longitudinally polished finish shall be performed on the inside surface only while a circumferential polished finish shall be done on either the inside surface, outside surface, or both.
SCOPE
1.1 This specification covers grades of seamless, welded, and heavily cold worked welded austenitic and ferritic/austenitic stainless steel sanitary tubing intended for use in the dairy and food industry and having special surface finishes. Pharmaceutical quality may be requested, as a supplementary requirement.  
1.2 This specification covers tubes in sizes up to and including 12 in. [300 mm] in outside diameter.  
1.3 The values stated in either SI units or inch-pound units are to be regarded separately as standard. The values stated in each system may not be exact equivalents; therefore, each system shall be used independently of the other. Combining values from the two systems may result in non-conformance with the standard.  
1.4 Optional supplementary requirements are provided, and when one or more of these are desired, each shall be so stated in the order.  
1.5 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

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ASTM
ASTM A335/A335M-23(Specification)
Standard Specification for Seamless Ferritic Alloy-Steel Pipe for High-Temperature Service

ABSTRACT
This specification covers seamless ferritic alloy-steel pipe for high-temperature service. The pipe shall be suitable for bending, flanging (vanstoning), and similar forming operations, and for fusion welding. Grade P2 and P12 steel pipes shall be made by coarse-grain melting practice. The steel material shall conform to chemical composition, tensile property, and hardness requirements. Each length of pipe shall be subjected to the hydrostatic test. Also, each pipe shall be examined by a non-destructive examination method in accordance to the required practices. The range of pipe sizes that may be examined by each method shall be subjected to the limitations in the scope of the respective practices. The different mechanical test requirements for pipes, namely, transverse or longitudinal tension test, flattening test, and hardness or bend test are presented.
SCOPE
1.1 This specification2 covers nominal wall and minimum wall seamless ferritic alloy-steel pipe intended for high-temperature service. Pipe ordered to this specification shall be suitable for bending, flanging (vanstoning), and similar forming operations, and for fusion welding. Selection will depend upon design, service conditions, mechanical properties, and high-temperature characteristics.  
1.2 Several grades of ferritic steels (see Note 1) are covered. Their compositions are given in Table 1.  
Note 1: Ferritic steels in this specification are defined as low- and intermediate-alloy steels containing up to and including 10 % chromium.    
1.3 Supplementary requirements (S1 to S9) of an optional nature are provided. Supplementary requirements S1 through S6 call for additional tests to be made, and when desired, shall be so stated in the order together with the number of such tests required as applicable.  
1.4 The values stated in either SI units or inch-pound units are to be regarded separately as standard. Within the text, the SI units are shown in brackets. The values stated in each system may not be exact equivalents; therefore, each system shall be used independently of the other. Combining values from the two systems may result in non-conformance with the standard. The inch-pound units shall apply unless the “M” designation of this specification is specified in the order.  
Note 2: The dimensionless designator NPS (nominal pipe size) has been substituted in this standard for such traditional terms as “nominal diameter,” “size,” and “nominal size.”  
1.5 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

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