ASTM D4635-08a
(Specification)Standard Specification for Polyethylene Films Made from Low-Density Polyethylene for General Use and Packaging Applications
Standard Specification for Polyethylene Films Made from Low-Density Polyethylene for General Use and Packaging Applications
ABSTRACT
This specification covers unpigmented, unsupported, low-density polyethylene films (hereafter referred to as film or films) for general use and packaging applications. It is applicable to films made from polyethylene copolymers, and also applicable to films made from blends of homopolymers and copolymers, including ethylene/vinylacetate copolymers. The low-density polyethylene film shall be classified by Types 1, 2, and 3; Surfaces 1, 2, and 3; Classes 1, 2, 3, and 4; and Finishes 1, 2, 3, and 4. The film shall be made from an ethylene homopolymer, ethylene copolymers, or blends of homopolymers or copolymers, or homopolymer and copolymer, so that it meets the density and other film requirements specified. Tests shall be performed to conform to the specified properties of the material in accordance with the following test methods: conditioning; test conditions; thickness; yield; flatness; density; coefficient of friction; clarity; haze; wetting tension; impact resistance; tensile properties; heat sealability; and odor.
SCOPE
1.1 This specification covers unpigmented, unsupported, low-density polyethylene films (hereafter referred to as film or films) from Class 1 polyethylenes per Specification D 4976.
Note 1—The density of a film will not necessarily be equal to the density of a molded plaque from the same resin.
Note 2—Blends of ethylene/vinylacetate (EVA) with low-density polyethylene may have densities up to 0.929 g/cm3.
1.2 This specification is applicable to homopolymer polyethylene, but is not restricted to it. It is applicable to films made from polyethylene copolymers, and also applicable to films made from blends of homopolymers and copolymers, including ethylene/vinylacetate copolymers.
1.3 The thickness of the films covered by this specification is 100 μm or less (0.004 in. or less), inclusive. The maximum width of the sheet or layflat is 3.00 m (120 in.).
1.4 This specification does not cover oriented heat-shrinkable films.
1.5 This specification allows for the use of recycled polyethylene film or resin as feedstock, in whole or in part, as long as all of the requirements of this specification are met and as long as any specific requirements as governed by the producer and end user are also met. (See Note 3.)
Note 3—Guide D 7209 describes terminology and definitions related to recycled plastics.
1.6 This specification defines the levels of the various physical properties from which specifications for specific films may be described. The levels of physical properties required by a film for a given application are selected from Section 6. However, Sections 2-5 relating to tolerances shall apply without change to all film falling within the scope indicated by the title and 1.1-1.4.
1.7 This specification covers dimensional tolerances, classifications, intrinsic quality requirements, and test methods. The dimensional tolerances include thickness, width, and length or yield. Classification defines types, classes, surfaces, and finishes. The intrinsic quality requirements include density, workmanship, tensile strength, heat sealability, and odor, as well as the classification properties for impact strength, coefficient of friction, optical properties, and surface treatment. A sampling method is included.
1.8 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as the standard. The values given in parentheses are for information only.
1.9 The following precautionary caveat pertains only to the test methods portion, Section 10, of this specification: This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.
Note 4—There is no similar or equivalent ISO specification.
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Designation:D4635 −08a
StandardSpecification for
Polyethylene Films Made from Low-Density Polyethylene for
1
General Use and Packaging Applications
This standard is issued under the fixed designation D4635; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope* The dimensional tolerances include thickness, width, and
length or yield. Classification defines types, classes, surfaces,
1.1 This specification covers unpigmented, unsupported,
andfinishes.Theintrinsicqualityrequirementsincludedensity,
low-density polyethylene films (hereafter referred to as film or
workmanship, tensile strength, heat sealability, and odor, as
films) from Class 1 polyethylenes per Specification D4976.
well as the classification properties for impact strength, coef-
NOTE 1—The density of a film will not necessarily be equal to the
ficient of friction, optical properties, and surface treatment. A
density of a molded plaque from the same resin.
sampling method is included.
NOTE 2—Blends of ethylene/vinylacetate (EVA) with low-density
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polyethylene may have densities up to 0.929 g/cm .
1.8 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as the
standard. The values given in parentheses are for information
1.2 This specification is applicable to homopolymer
only.
polyethylene, but is not restricted to it. It is applicable to films
made from polyethylene copolymers, and also applicable to
1.9 The following precautionary caveat pertains only to the
films made from blends of homopolymers and copolymers,
test methods portion, Section 10, of this specification: This
including ethylene/vinylacetate copolymers.
standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns,
if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user
1.3 The thickness of the films covered by this specification
of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health
is 100 µm or less (0.004 in. or less), inclusive. The maximum
practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limita-
width of the sheet or layflat is 3.00 m (120 in.).
tions prior to use.
1.4 This specification does not cover oriented heat-
NOTE 4—There is no similar or equivalent ISO specification.
shrinkable films.
2. Referenced Documents
1.5 This specification allows for the use of recycled poly-
ethylene film or resin as feedstock, in whole or in part, as long 2
2.1 ASTM Standards:
as all of the requirements of this specification are met and as
D618 Practice for Conditioning Plastics for Testing
long as any specific requirements as governed by the producer
D882 Test Method for Tensile Properties of Thin Plastic
and end user are also met. (See Note 3.)
Sheeting
D883 Terminology Relating to Plastics
NOTE 3—Guide D7209 describes terminology and definitions related to
recycled plastics.
D1003 Test Method for Haze and Luminous Transmittance
of Transparent Plastics
1.6 This specification defines the levels of the various
D1505 Test Method for Density of Plastics by the Density-
physical properties from which specifications for specific films
Gradient Technique
maybedescribed.Thelevelsofphysicalpropertiesrequiredby
D1709 Test Methods for Impact Resistance of Plastic Film
a film for a given application are selected from Section 6.
by the Free-Falling Dart Method
However, Sections 2-5 relating to tolerances shall apply
D1984 Specification for Tall Oil Fatty Acids (Withdrawn
without change to all film falling within the scope indicated by
3
1999)
the title and 1.1-1.4.
D2103 Specification for Polyethylene Film and Sheeting
1.7 This specification covers dimensional tolerances,
D2457 Test Method for Specular Gloss of Plastic Films and
classifications,intrinsicqualityrequirements,andtestmethods.
Solid Plastics
1 2
This specification is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D20 on For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or
Plastics and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee D20.19 on Film, Sheeting, contact ASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM
and Molded Products. Standards volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on
Current edition approved Nov. 1, 2008. Published November 2008. Originally the ASTM website.
3
approved in 1986. Last previous edition approved in 2008 as D4635 - 08. DOI: The last approved version of this historical standard is referenced on
10.1520/D4635-08A. www.astm.org.
*A Summary of Changes section appears at the end of this standard
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States
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This document is not anASTM standard and is intended only to provide the user of anASTM standard an indication of what changes have been made to the previous version. Because
it may not be technically possible to adequately depict all changes accurately, ASTM recommends that users consult prior editions as appropriate. In all cases only the current version
of the standard as published by ASTM is to be considered the official document.
Designation:D4635–08 Designation: D 4635 – 08a
Standard Specification for
Polyethylene Films Made from Low-Density Polyethylene for
1
General Use and Packaging Applications
This standard is issued under the fixed designation D 4635; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope*
1.1 This specification covers unpigmented, unsupported, low-density polyethylene films (hereafter referred to as film or films)
from Class 1 polyethylenes per Specification D 4976.
NOTE 1—The density of a film will not necessarily be equal to the density of a molded plaque from the same resin.
3
NOTE 2—Blends of ethylene/vinylacetate (EVA) with low-density polyethylene may have densities up to 0.929 g/cm .
1.2 This specification is applicable to homopolymer polyethylene, but is not restricted to it. It is applicable to films made from
polyethylene copolymers, and also applicable to films made from blends of homopolymers and copolymers, including
ethylene/vinylacetate copolymers.
1.3 The thickness of the films covered by this specification is 100 µm or less (0.004 in. or less), inclusive. The maximum width
of the sheet or layflat is 3.00 m (120 in.).
1.4 This specification does not cover oriented heat-shrinkable films.
1.5 This specification allows for the use of recycled polyethylene film or resin as feedstock, in whole or in part, as long as all
of the requirements of this specification are met and as long as any specific requirements as governed by the producer and end user
are also met. (See Note 3.)
NOTE 3—Guide D 7209 describes terminology and definitions related to recycled plastics.
1.6 This specification defines the levels of the various physical properties from which specifications for specific films may be
described. The levels of physical properties required by a film for a given application are selected from Section 6. However,
Sections 2-5 relating to tolerances shall apply without change to all film falling within the scope indicated by the title and 1.1-1.4.
1.7 This specification covers dimensional tolerances, classifications, intrinsic quality requirements, and test methods. The
dimensional tolerances include thickness, width, and length or yield. Classification defines types, classes, surfaces, and finishes.
The intrinsic quality requirements include density, workmanship, tensile strength, heat sealability, and odor, as well as the
classification properties for impact strength, coefficient of friction, optical properties, and surface treatment. A sampling method
is included.
1.8 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as the standard. The values given in parentheses are for information only.
1.9 The following precautionary caveat pertains only to the test methods portion, Section 10, of this specification: This standard
does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this
standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.
NOTE 4—There is no similar or equivalent ISO specification.
2. Referenced Documents
2
2.1 ASTM Standards:
D618Practice 618 Practice for Conditioning Plastics for Testing
D 882 Test Method for Tensile Properties of Thin Plastic Sheeting
D 883 Terminology Relating to Plastics
D 1003 Test Method for Haze and Luminous Transmittance of Transparent Plastics
D 1505 Test Method for Density of Plastics by the Density-Gradient Technique
D 1709 Test Methods for Impact Resistance of Plastic Film by the Free-Falling Dart Method
1
This specification is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D20 on Plastics and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee D20.19 on Film and Sheeting .
Current edition approved Jan. 15,Nov. 1, 2008. Published JanuaryNovember 2008. Originally approved in 1986. Last previous edition approved in 20012008 as
D 4635 - 018.
2
For referencedASTM standards, visit theASTM website, www.astm.org, or contactASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM Standards
volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on the ASTM website.
*A Summary of Changes section appears at the end of this standard.
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959, United States.
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