ASTM D4654-87(2020)
(Test Method)Standard Test Method for Sulfate Basicity in Leather
Standard Test Method for Sulfate Basicity in Leather
SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
3.1 This test method is used to determine the percent of total chromic oxide that is combined with hydroxyl and may serve as a measure of chrome fixation.
SCOPE
1.1 This test method is intended for use in calculating the sulfate basicity of mineral tanned leather.
1.2 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.
1.3 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
General Information
- Status
- Published
- Publication Date
- 31-Mar-2020
- Technical Committee
- D31 - Leather
- Drafting Committee
- D31.06 - Chemical Analysis
Relations
- Effective Date
- 01-Apr-2020
- Refers
ASTM D2807-17a - Standard Test Method for Chromic Oxide in Leather (Perchloric Acid Oxidation) - Effective Date
- 01-Sep-2017
- Effective Date
- 01-Apr-2017
- Refers
ASTM D2807-93(2015) - Standard Test Method for Chromic Oxide in Leather (Perchloric Acid Oxidation) - Effective Date
- 01-Sep-2015
- Effective Date
- 01-Apr-2012
- Effective Date
- 01-Apr-2009
- Refers
ASTM D2807-93(2009) - Standard Test Method for Chromic Oxide in Leather (Perchloric Acid Oxidation) - Effective Date
- 01-Apr-2009
- Effective Date
- 01-Oct-2006
- Refers
ASTM D2807-93(2003) - Standard Test Method for Chromic Oxide in Leather (Perchloric Acid Oxidation) - Effective Date
- 10-May-2003
- Refers
ASTM D2807-93(1998) - Standard Test Method for Chromic Oxide in Leather (Perchloric Acid Oxidation) - Effective Date
- 10-Jan-1998
- Refers
ASTM D4655-95 - Standard Test Methods for Sulfates in Leather (Total, Neutral, and Combined Acid) - Effective Date
- 15-May-1995
- Effective Date
- 15-May-1995
- Effective Date
- 01-Apr-2020
Overview
ASTM D4654-87(2020) - Standard Test Method for Sulfate Basicity in Leather is a recognized standard developed by ASTM International. It provides a systematic method for determining the sulfate basicity of mineral-tanned leather, a key factor in analyzing chrome fixation during the leather manufacturing process. By calculating the percent of total chromic oxide combined with hydroxyl groups, this test method serves an important role in quality control and leather characterization. This standard supports compliance with international practices and aligns with guidelines established by the World Trade Organization (WTO) Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
Key Topics
- Sulfate Basicity Calculation: Defines how to determine the percentage of chromic oxide in leather that is combined with hydroxyl, critical for assessing chrome fixation in leather tanning.
- Sample Preparation and Testing: Describes standardized procedures for selecting, sampling, and preparing leather specimens, referencing other relevant ASTM test methods for chromic oxide (ASTM D2807) and sulfates (ASTM D4655).
- Result Evaluation: Outlines the calculation using Schorlemmer’s system, expressing results as a percentage, and specifies reporting requirements to the nearest 0.1%.
- Safety and Environmental Considerations: Alerts users to establish appropriate safety and environmental practices and assess regulatory limitations relevant to their operations.
- International Standardization: Emphasizes compliance with globally accepted principles for developing standards, facilitating international trade and regulatory acceptance.
Applications
The ASTM D4654-87(2020) standard delivers practical value across several areas in the leather industry and related sectors:
- Quality Control in Leather Manufacturing
- Ensures consistent chrome fixation, directly impacting leather durability and performance.
- Provides data necessary for process optimization and troubleshooting in mineral tanning.
- Product Specification Compliance
- Supports conformance to buyer, industry, and regulatory requirements regarding chrome content and tanning processes.
- Serves as a reference in audit and certification processes for tanneries and suppliers.
- Research and Development
- Facilitates development of new tanning methods or formulations with improved environmental and performance profiles.
- Global Trade
- Helps manufacturers demonstrate compliance with internationally-recognized testing protocols, supporting exports and international sourcing.
Related Standards
To complete the procedures outlined in ASTM D4654-87(2020), users should be familiar with the following related ASTM standards:
- ASTM D2807: Test Method for Chromic Oxide in Leather (Perchloric Acid Oxidation)
- ASTM D4655: Test Methods for Sulfates in Leather (Total, Neutral, and Combined Acid)
These referenced documents provide detailed instructions for measuring chromic oxide and sulfate content, forming the basis for calculating sulfate basicity.
Keywords: sulfate basicity, chrome fixation, Schorlemmer’s system, leather testing, chromic oxide, ASTM leather standards, mineral tanned leather, sulfate determination
By adhering to ASTM D4654-87(2020), organizations ensure reliable and consistent analysis of sulfate basicity in leather, bolster product quality, and meet international market expectations.
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Frequently Asked Questions
ASTM D4654-87(2020) is a standard published by ASTM International. Its full title is "Standard Test Method for Sulfate Basicity in Leather". This standard covers: SIGNIFICANCE AND USE 3.1 This test method is used to determine the percent of total chromic oxide that is combined with hydroxyl and may serve as a measure of chrome fixation. SCOPE 1.1 This test method is intended for use in calculating the sulfate basicity of mineral tanned leather. 1.2 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use. 1.3 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
SIGNIFICANCE AND USE 3.1 This test method is used to determine the percent of total chromic oxide that is combined with hydroxyl and may serve as a measure of chrome fixation. SCOPE 1.1 This test method is intended for use in calculating the sulfate basicity of mineral tanned leather. 1.2 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use. 1.3 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
ASTM D4654-87(2020) is classified under the following ICS (International Classification for Standards) categories: 59.140.30 - Leather and furs. The ICS classification helps identify the subject area and facilitates finding related standards.
ASTM D4654-87(2020) has the following relationships with other standards: It is inter standard links to ASTM D4654-87(2015), ASTM D2807-17a, ASTM D2807-17, ASTM D2807-93(2015), ASTM D4655-95(2012), ASTM D2807-93(2009)e1, ASTM D2807-93(2009), ASTM D4655-95(2006), ASTM D2807-93(2003), ASTM D2807-93(1998), ASTM D4655-95, ASTM D4655-95(2001), ASTM D4655-95(2023). Understanding these relationships helps ensure you are using the most current and applicable version of the standard.
ASTM D4654-87(2020) is available in PDF format for immediate download after purchase. The document can be added to your cart and obtained through the secure checkout process. Digital delivery ensures instant access to the complete standard document.
Standards Content (Sample)
This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the
Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
Designation: D4654 − 87 (Reapproved 2020)
Standard Test Method for
Sulfate Basicity in Leather
This standard is issued under the fixed designation D4654; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision.Anumber in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval.A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope 5.2 Unless otherwise specified in the detail specifications,
two specimens from the composite sample shall be tested.
1.1 This test method is intended for use in calculating the
sulfate basicity of mineral tanned leather.
5.3 The percent basicity of the sample for test shall be the
1.2 This standard does not purport to address all of the
average of the test results obtained from the specimens tested.
safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the
responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-
6. Procedure
priate safety, health, and environmental practices and deter-
6.1 The chromic oxide shall be determined as described in
mine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.
TestMethodD2807.Thecombinedsulfateshallbedetermined
1.3 This international standard was developed in accor-
as described in Method D4655.
dance with internationally recognized principles on standard-
ization established in the Decision on Principles for the
7. Calculation of Results
Development of International Standards, Guides and Recom-
mendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical
7.1 Express the percent basicity of the specimen according
Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
toSchorlemmer’ssystem.Inthissystem,thepercentbasicityis
the percent of the total chromic oxide that is combined with
2. Referenced Documents
hydroxyl. Conversely, the percent acidity is the percent of the
2.1 ASTM Standards:
total chromic acid that is combined with sulfate or other acid
D2807Test Method for Chromic Oxide in Leather (Perchlo-
anions. Percent basicity is therefore 100% acidity.
ric Acid Oxidation)
sulfatebasicity,% 5 100 2 % combinedsulfate
D4655Test Methods for Sulfates in Leather (Total, Neutral,
and Combined Acid)
352.8/% totalchromicoxide (1)
3. Significance and Use
7.2 When other metals that form hydrolysable sulfates are
present, add their equivalent percent of chromic oxide to the
3.1 Thistestmethodisusedtodeterminethepercentoftotal
chromic oxide present before calculating percent basicity. Use
chromic oxide that is combined with hydroxyl and may serve
the following conversion factors: % Al O × 1.49, %
as a measure of chrome fixation. 2 3
ZrO ×0.82, and% Fe O ×0.95.
2 2 3
4. Apparatus and Reagents
7.3 Report the results to the nearest 0.1
...
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