ASTM D6824-13(2018)

NOTICE: This standard has either been superseded and replaced by a new version or withdrawn.
Contact ASTM International (www.astm.org) for the latest information
Designation: D6824 − 13 (Reapproved 2018)
Standard Test Method for
Determining Filterability of Aviation Turbine Fuel
This standard is issued under the fixed designation D6824; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope D4860 Test Method for Free Water and Particulate Contami-
nation in Middle Distillate Fuels (Clear and Bright Nu-
1.1 This test method covers a procedure for determining the
merical Rating)
filterability of aviation turbine fuels (for other middle distillate
D5452 Test Method for Particulate Contamination in Avia-
fuels, see Test Method D6426).
tion Fuels by Laboratory Filtration
NOTE 1—ASTM specification fuels falling within the scope of this test
D6300 Practice for Determination of Precision and Bias
method are Specifications D1655 and D6615 and the military fuels
covered in the military specifications listed in 2.2.
Data for Use in Test Methods for Petroleum Products,
Liquid Fuels, and Lubricants
1.2 This test method is not applicable to fuels that contain
D6426 Test Method for Determining Filterability of Middle
undissolved water.
Distillate Fuel Oils
1.3 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as
D6615 Specification for Jet B Wide-Cut Aviation Turbine
standard. The values given in parentheses after SI units are
Fuel
provided for information only and are not considered standard.
2.2 Military Standards:
1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the
MIL-DTL-5624 Turbine Fuel, Aviation, Grades JP-4, JP-5,
safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the
and JP-5/JP-8 ST
responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-
MIL-DTL-25524 Turbine Fuel, Aviation, Thermally Stable
priate safety, health, and environmental practices and deter-
MIL-DTL-38219 Turbine Fuels, Low Volatility, JP-7
mine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.
MIL-DTL-83133 Turbine Fuels, Aviation, Kerosine Types,
1.5 This international standard was developed in accor-
NATO F-34 (JP-8), NATO F-35, and JP-8+100
dance with internationally recognized principles on standard-
ization established in the Decision on Principles for the
3. Terminology
Development of International Standards, Guides and Recom-
3.1 Definitions of Terms Specific to This Standard:
mendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical
3.1.1 filterability, n—a measure of the rapidity with which a
Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
standard filter medium is plugged by insoluble matter in fuel
and may be described as a function of pressure or volume:
2. Referenced Documents
3.1.1.1 filterability (by pressure), n—the pressure drop
2.1 ASTM Standards:
across a filter medium when 300 mL of fuel is passed at a rate
D1655 Specification for Aviation Turbine Fuels
of 20 mL ⁄min.
D4057 Practice for Manual Sampling of Petroleum and
Petroleum Products
3.1.1.2 filterability (by volume), n—the volume of fuel
D4176 Test Method for Free Water and Particulate Contami-
passed when a pressure of 104 kPa (15 psig) is reached.
nation in Distillate Fuels (Visual Inspection Procedures)
3.1.1.3 Discussion—Filterability by volume is used when
D4177 Practice for Automatic Sampling of Petroleum and
less than 300 mL passes the filter at a pressure up to 104 kPa
Petroleum Products
(15 psig).
3.1.1.4 filterability quality factor (F-QF), n—a value that
defines the filter plugging tendency of a fuel caused by
This test method is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D02 on
particulates.
Petroleum Products, Liquid Fuels, and Lubricants and is the direct responsibility of
Subcommittee D02.J0.01 on Jet Fuel Specifications.
3.1.1.5 Discussion—The F-QF value is calculated using the
Current edition approved Oct. 1, 2018. Published November 2018. Originally
ɛ1
volume and pressure attained at the end of the test cycle,
approved in 2002. Last previous edition approved in 2013 as D6824 – 13 . DOI:
10.1520/D6824-13R18.
For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or
contact ASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM
Standards volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on Available from Standardization Documents Order Desk, DODSSP, Bldg. 4,
the ASTM website. Section D, 700 Robbins Ave., Philadelphia, PA 19111-5098.
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States
D6824 − 13 (2018)
NOTE 1—Fuel flow from reservoir through pump to container.
FIG. 1 Schematic Diagram of Filterability Apparatus
according to one of two equations, depending on the outcome 6. Apparatus
of the test. (See Section 10, Calculations.)
6.1 Micro-Filter Analyzer —The apparatus is shown as a
diagram in Fig. 1 and photographically in Fig. 2. It is capable
4. Summary of Test Method
of measuring pressure upstream of the filtering element and the
4.1 A sample is passed at a constant rate (20 mL ⁄min) volume of sample passed through the filter at a preset pressure
through a standard porosity filter medium. The pressure drop level. The apparatus is comprised of the following parts:
across the filter and the volume of filtrate are monitored. The
6.1.1 Peristaltic Pump, variable speed/flow rate, with feed-
test is concluded either when the pressure drop across the filter
back speed control, adjusted to provide fuel delivery at a
exceeds 104 kPa (15 psig) or when 300 mL have passed
constant rate of 20 mL ⁄min 6 1 mL ⁄min, and incorporating a
through the filter.
pulse dampening mechanism to produce a smooth flow.
6.1.2 Pressure Transducer, capable of measuring gauge
4.2 Results are reported as either the volume that has passed
pressure in the range from 0 kPa to 104 kPa, in 1.0 kPa
through the filter when a pressure of 104 kPa (15 psig) has
increments (0 psig to 15 psig, in 0.1 psig increments).
been reached or the pressure drop when 300 mL have passed
through the filter.
6.1.3 Three Digital Displays, one for pressure readout
capable of interfacing with transducer (see 6.1.2) with display
4.3 Verification of the apparatus is required when there is a
range from 0 kPa to 104 kPa in 1.0 kPa increments (0 psig to
doubt of a test result, or when the apparatus has not been used
15 psig in 0.1 sig increments), one for volume readout with
for three months or more. It is not necessary to verify apparatus
display range from 0 mL to 300 mL in 1 mL increments, and
performance prior to each test.
one for filterability quality factor (F-QF).
5. Significance and Use
NOTE 2—The micro-filter analyzer can display the pressure in either
kPa or psig units by changing an internal jumper wire.
5.1 This test method is intended for use in the laboratory or
6.1.4 Speed Controller, manual speed adjustment of the
field in evaluating aviation turbine fuel cleanliness.
peristaltic pump to increase/decrease amount of sample deliv-
5.2 A change in filtration performance after storage,
ered for a given period of time.
pretreatment, or commingling can be indicative of changes in
6.1.5 Fuel Reservoir Container, polytetrafluoroethylene
fuel condition.
(PTFE), funnel shaped, 500 mL capacity.
5.3 Relative filterability of fuels may vary, depending on
6.1.6 Collection Container, glass or plastic Erlenmeyer
filter porosity and structure, and may not always correlate with
flask, 500 mL capacity.
results from this test method.
5.4 Causes of poor filterability in industrial/refinery filters
include fuel degradation products, contaminants picked up
The sole source of supply of the apparatus (Model 1143 Micro-Filter Analyzer)
known to the committee at this time is available from EMCEE Electronics, Inc., 520
during storage or transfer, incompatibility of commingled
Cypress Ave., Venice, FL 34285. If you are aware of alternate suppliers, please
fuels, or interaction of the fuel with the filter media. Any of
provide this information to ASTM Headquarters. Your comments will receive
these could correlate with orifice or filter system plugging, or 1
careful consideration at a meeting of the responsible technical committee, which
both. you may attend.
D6824 − 13 (2018)
FIG. 2 Micro-Filter Analyzer
6.1.7 Flexible, Inert Tubing, fuel compatible, nominal num resistance thermometers that provide the desired accuracy
3.1 mm (0.12 in.) inner diameter. and precision may be used.
6.1.8 Plastic In-Line Splice Coupler, fuel compatible, ca-
7. Sampling
pable of being inserted into, and making a seal in flexible, inert
tubing (see 6.1.7). 7.1 The fuel sample from which an aliquot is being drawn
6.1.9 Plastic Tee Coupler, fuel compatible, capable of being for the purposes of this test method shall be representative of
inserted into, and making a seal in flexible, inert tubing (see the lot of fuel. Obtain the sample in accordance with the
6.1.7). procedures of Practices D4057 or D4177, and report (see
6.1.10 Plastic Coupler, fuel compatible, one end capable of 11.1.1) how and from where it was obtained. The maximum
being inserted into, and making a seal in flexible, inert tubing sample size is dictated by the quantity that can be mixed
(see 6.1.7) and the other end into the filter unit (see 6.2). thoroughly (see 9.2). If any undissolved water is visually
Luer-Lok (trademarked) couplers have been used successfully. apparent (as determined by Test Methods D4176 or D4860, or
6 both), discard and replace with a fresh sample.
6.2 FCell (trademarked) Filter Unit, disposable, precali-
brated assembly consisting of a shell and plug containing a 7.2 After thoroughly mixing, if the original sample con-
25 mm diameter nylon membrane filter of nominal 0.65 µm tainer is too large to easily handle, use an epoxy lined can or
pore size, nominal 60 % porosity, with a 158.9 mm effective
dark glass bottle as a transfer container to store an aliquot of
filtering area. Unit is labeled in green background with black the test sample. Prior to drawing the aliquot, rinse the transfer
lettering:
container three times with the product to be tested. Draw a
representative 1 L to 2 L aliquot from the sample container into
D6824, FCell, JET (0.65)
a transfer container. (Warning—Because the situations under
6.3 Accessories for Apparatus Verification Test:
which samples are taken vary from laboratory to laboratory and
6.3.1 Measuring Cylinder, 500 mL capacity, with 1 mL
from situation to situation, no firm recommendation for sam-
graduations.
pling can be given. It is the responsibility of the user of this test
6.3.2 Pressure Gauge, 350 kPa (50 psig) capability, gradu-
method to ensure the aliquot used in the test is representative
ations 0.5 kPa (0.1 psig).
of the lot of fuel.)
6.3.3 Temperature Measuring Device, general purpose type,
having a range that includes 0 °C to 60 °C and an accuracy of
8. Preparation of Apparatus
0.5 °C. Liquid-in-glass thermometers, thermocouples, or plati-
8.1 Locate the apparatus on a level surface in an area where
the temperature is between 15 °C and 25 °C (59 °F and 77 °F).
Tygon (trademarked) tubing was used in the round robin test program to 8.2 Open the case, and assemble the apparatus as shown in
generate the precision and bias. Tygon is available from most laboratory supply
Fig. 2. If the flexible, inert tubing (see 6.1.7) is not attached, as
houses. This is not an endorsement of Tygon.
shown, carry out 8.2.1 to 8.2.2.
A registered trademark of EMCEE Electronics, Inc., 520 Cypress Ave., Venice,
8.2.1 Attach one end of the flexible, inert tubing to the fuel
FL 34285.
The sole source of supply of the apparatus known to the committee at this time
reservoir container (6.1.5) and insert the plastic in-line splice
is EMCEE Electronics, Inc., 520 Cypress Ave., Venice, FL 34285. If you are aware
coupler (6.1.8) into the other end.
of alternative suppliers, please provide this information to ASTM International
8.2.2 Insert the plastic in-line coupler into another piece of
Headquarters. Your comments will receive careful consideration at a meeting of the
responsible technical committee, which you may attend. flexible, inert tubing, thread the tubing in the peristaltic pump
D6824 − 13 (2018)
FIG. 3 Threading the Tubing in the Pump
(see 6.1.1), as shown in Fig. 3, and clamp it in place by moving (4) Clamp the tubing in place, and
the lever arm counterclockwise. (5) Repeat 8.5.1.
8.5.2 Check the pressure by inserting a pressure gauge (see
NOTE 3—The splice fitting prevents the tubing from being pulled into
6.3.2) at the end of the flexible, inert tubing where the filter
the pump during operation. This also allows easy replacement of the
would be installed. Perform a test using air only, and compare
portion of the tubing that is depressed by the pump rollers. To extend the
life of the flexible, inert tubing, when not in use, leave the clamp open or
the readings when approximately 104 kPa (15 psig) is dis-
remove the tubing from the pump.
played. If the readings vary more than 67 kPa (1.0 psig),
8.2.3 Insert one end of the horizontal section of the plastic return the apparatus to the manufacturer.
tee coupler (6.1.9) into the tubing that is clamped in the pump,
9. Procedure
and attach two other sections of tubing to the other parts of the
tee. 9.1 Measure the temperature (see 6.3.3) of the fuel in the
transfer container (see 7.2) and, if necessary, adjust to 15 °C to
8.2.4 Connect the tubing that is connected to the perpen-
dicular part of the tee to the pressure transducer. Insert the hose 25 °C.
barbered portion of the plastic coupler (6.1.10) into the other
9.2 Shake the sample or transfer container (see 7.2) vigor-
section of tubing that is connected to the in-line part of the tee.
ously for approximately 2 min.
8.3 Attach the power pack to the connector on the top of the
9.3 Rinse the fuel reservoir container (see 6.1.5) with some
case, and connect the power pack to an ac power source. Turn
of the product to be tested.
the instrument on by depressing the ON switch, causing both
9.4 Place 450 mL 6 5 mL of the sample into the fuel
the POWER and MODE A lights to illuminate.
reservoir (see 6.1.5). Check that the temperature is still within
8.4 Have a labeled FCell filter (see 6.2) ready for use.
the range from 15 °C to 25 °C. Record the actual temperature.
8.5 Verification of Apparatus—As required in accordance If any undissolved water is visually apparent in the fuel at this
with 4.3, verify apparatus performance by checking that the time, as determined by Test Methods D4176 or D4860,
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