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ASTM E810-20

(Test Method)

Standard Test Method for Coefficient of Retroreflection of Retroreflective Sheeting Utilizing the Coplanar Geometry

Standard Test Method for Coefficient of Retroreflection of Retroreflective Sheeting Utilizing the Coplanar Geometry

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
5.1 Measurements made by this test method are related to visual observations of retroreflective sheeting as seen by the human eye when illuminated by tungsten-filament light sources such as a motor vehicle headlamp.  
5.2 The values determined relate to the visual effects for a given geometric configuration as specified by the user of the test method. This test method has been found useful for tests at observation angles between 0.1 and 2.0° (observation angles between 0.1° and 0.2° may be achieved by careful design of source and receiver aperture configuration), and at entrance angles up to 60°. It has been used to determine coefficient of retroreflection values as low as 0.1 cd·lx−1 · m−2, but for values less than 1 cd·lx−1 · m−2 special attention must be given to the responsivity of the receiver and to the elimination of very small amounts of stray light.
SCOPE
1.1 This test method describes an instrument measurement of the retroreflective performance of retroreflective sheeting.  
1.2 The user of this test method must specify the entrance and observation angles to be used, and may specify the rotation angles.  
1.3 This test method is intended as a laboratory test and requires a facility that can be darkened sufficiently so that stray light does not affect the test results. The testing apparatus must be able to achieve the coplanar geometry.  
1.4 Portable and bench retroreflection measuring equipment may be used to determine RA values provided the geometry and appropriate substitution standard reference panels, measured in accordance with this test method, are utilized. In this case the methods of Procedure B in Practice E809 apply. Additional information on the use of portable retroreflectometers may be found in Test Method E1709.  
1.5 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.  
1.6 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

General Information

Status
Published
Publication Date
30-Sep-2020
ICS
17.180.20 - Colours and measurement of light
Technical Committee
E12 - Color and Appearance
Drafting Committee
E12.10 - Retroreflection
Current Stage
Ref Project

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ASTM E810-20 - Standard Test Method for Coefficient of Retroreflection of Retroreflective Sheeting Utilizing the Coplanar GeometryASTM E810-20 - Standard Test Method for Coefficient of Retroreflection of Retroreflective Sheeting Utilizing the Coplanar Geometry
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Standards Content (Sample)

This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the
Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
Designation:E810 −20
Standard Test Method for
Coefficient of Retroreflection of Retroreflective Sheeting
1
Utilizing the Coplanar Geometry
This standard is issued under the fixed designation E810; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision.Anumber in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval.A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope E177Practice for Use of the Terms Precision and Bias in
ASTM Test Methods
1.1 This test method describes an instrument measurement
E284Terminology of Appearance
of the retroreflective performance of retroreflective sheeting.
E308PracticeforComputingtheColorsofObjectsbyUsing
1.2 The user of this test method must specify the entrance
the CIE System
andobservationanglestobeused,andmayspecifytherotation
E691Practice for Conducting an Interlaboratory Study to
angles.
Determine the Precision of a Test Method
E808Practice for Describing Retroreflection
1.3 This test method is intended as a laboratory test and
requiresafacilitythatcanbedarkenedsufficientlysothatstray E809Practice for Measuring Photometric Characteristics of
Retroreflectors
light does not affect the test results.The testing apparatus must
be able to achieve the coplanar geometry. E1709Test Method for Measurement of Retroreflective
Signs Using a Portable Retroreflectometer at a 0.2 Degree
1.4 Portable and bench retroreflection measuring equipment
Observation Angle
maybeusedtodetermine R valuesprovidedthegeometryand
A
2.2 Other Document:
appropriatesubstitutionstandardreferencepanels,measuredin
CIE Publication No 54 Retroreflection—Definition and
accordance with this test method, are utilized. In this case the
3
Measurement
methods of Procedure B in Practice E809 apply. Additional
information on the use of portable retroreflectometers may be
3. Terminology
found in Test Method E1709.
3.1 The terms and definitions in Terminology E284 and
1.5 This standard does not purport to address all of the
Practice E808 apply to this test method.
safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the
3.2 Definitions:
responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-
3.2.1 coeffıcient of retroreflection, R —of a plane retrore-
priate safety, health, and environmental practices and deter-
A
flecting surface, the ratio of the coefficient of luminous
mine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.
intensity (R) to the area (A), expressed in candelas per lux per
1.6 This international standard was developed in accor-
I
−1 −2
square metre (cd·lx ·m ). R = R/A.
dance with internationally recognized principles on standard-
A I
3.2.1.1 Discussion—The equivalent inch–pound units for
ization established in the Decision on Principles for the
coefficient of retroreflection are candelas per foot-candle per
Development of International Standards, Guides and Recom-
−1 −2
square foot (cd·fc ·ft ). The SI and inch pound units are
mendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical
numerically equal, because the units of R reduce to 1/sr. An
Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
A
equivalenttermusedforcoefficientofretroreflectionisspecific
2. Referenced Documents intensity per unit area, with symbol SIAor the CIE symbol R'.
2 Thetermcoefficientofretroreflectionandthesymbol R along
A
2.1 ASTM Standards:
with the SI units of candelas per lux per square meter
−1 −2
(cd·lx ·m ) are recommended by ASTM.
3.2.1.2 Discussion—R is a useful engineering quantity for
1
A
This test method is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee E12 on Color
determining the photometric performance of such retroreflec-
and Appearance and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee E12.10 on
Retroreflection.
tive surfaces as highway delineators or warning devices. R
A
Current edition approved Oct. 1, 2020. Published November 2020. Originally
may also be used to determine the minimum area of retrore-
approved in 1981. Last previous edition approved in 2013 as E810–03 (2013).
flective sheeting necessary for a desired level of photometric
DOI: 10.1520/E0810-20.
2
For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or
contact ASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM
3
Standards volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on AvailablefromU.S.NationalCommitteeoftheCIE(InternationalCommission
the ASTM website. on Illumination) (http://www.cie-usnc.org) or the CIE (cie.co.at) Webshop.
Copyright ©ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA19428-2959. United States
1

---------------------- Page:
...

This document is not an ASTM standard and is intended only to provide the user of an ASTM standard an indication of what changes have been made to the previous version. Because
it may not be technically possible to adequately depict all changes accurately, ASTM recommends that users consult prior editions as appropriate. In all cases only the current version
of the standard as published by ASTM is to be considered the official document.
Designation: E810 − 03 (Reapproved 2013) E810 − 20
Standard Test Method for
Coefficient of Retroreflection of Retroreflective Sheeting
1
Utilizing the Coplanar Geometry
This standard is issued under the fixed designation E810; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope
1.1 This test method describes an instrument measurement of the retroreflective performance of retroreflective sheeting.
1.2 The user of this test method must specify the entrance and observation angles to be used, and may specify the rotation angles.
1.3 This test method is intended as a laboratory test and requires a facility that can be darkened sufficiently so that stray light does
not affect the test results. The testing apparatus must be able to achieve the coplanar geometry.
1.4 Portable and bench retroreflection measuring equipment may be used to determine R values provided the geometry and
A
appropriate substitution standard reference panels, measured in accordance with this test method, are utilized. In this case the
methods of Procedure B in Practice E809 apply. Additional information on the use of portable retroreflectometers may be found
in Test Method E1709.
1.5 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility
of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety safety, health, and healthenvironmental practices and determine the
applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.
1.6 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization
established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued
by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
2. Referenced Documents
2
2.1 ASTM Standards:
E177 Practice for Use of the Terms Precision and Bias in ASTM Test Methods
E284 Terminology of Appearance
E308 Practice for Computing the Colors of Objects by Using the CIE System
E691 Practice for Conducting an Interlaboratory Study to Determine the Precision of a Test Method
E808 Practice for Describing Retroreflection
E809 Practice for Measuring Photometric Characteristics of Retroreflectors
E1709 Test Method for Measurement of Retroreflective Signs Using a Portable Retroreflectometer at a 0.2 Degree Observation
Angle
1
This test method is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee E12 on Color and Appearance and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee E12.10 on Retroreflection.
Current edition approved Jan. 1, 2013Oct. 1, 2020. Published January 2013November 2020. Originally approved in 1981. Last previous edition approved in 20082013
as E810 – 03 (2008).(2013). DOI: 10.1520/E0810-03R13.10.1520/E0810-20.
2
For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or contact ASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM Standards
volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on the ASTM website.
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States
1

---------------------- Page: 1 ----------------------
E810 − 20
2.2 Other Document:
3
CIE Publication No 54 Retroreflection—Definition and Measurement
3. Terminology
3.1 The terms and definitions in Terminology E284 and Practice E808 apply to this test method.
3.2 Definitions:
3.2.1 coeffıcient of retroreflection, R —of a plane retroreflecting surface, the ratio of the coefficient of luminous intensity (R ) to
A I
−1 −2
the area (A), expressed in candelas per lux per square metre (cd·lx ·m ). R = R /A.
A I
3.2.1.1 Discussion—
−1 −2
The equivalent inch–pound units for coefficient of retroreflection are candelas per foot-candle per square foot (cd·fc ·ft ). The
SI and inch pound units are numerically equal, because the units of R reduce to 1/sr. An equivalent term used for coefficient of
A
retroreflection is specific intensity per unit area, with symbol SIA or the CIE symbol R'. The term coefficient of retroreflection and
−1 −2
the symbol R along with the SI units of candelas per lux per square meter (cd·lx ·m ) are recommended by ASTM.
A
3.2.1.2 Discussion—
R is a useful engineering quantity for determining the photometric performance of such retroreflective surf
...

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ASTM
ASTM E2301-12(2022)(Test Method)
Standard Test Method for Daytime Colorimetric Properties of Fluorescent Retroreflective Sheeting and Marking Materials for High Visibility Traffic Control and Personal Safety Applications Using 45°:Normal Geometry

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
5.1 This test method provides procedures for obtaining tristimulus values, luminance factors and chromaticity coordinates of fluorescent-retroreflective materials by bispectral colorimetry using a 45:0 or 0:45 optical measuring system.  
5.2 The CIE 1931 (2°) standard observer is used to calculate the colorimetric properties of fluorescent-retroreflective sheeting and markings used in daytime high visibility traffic control and personal safety applications because in practice these materials are primarily viewed from a distance where they subtend less than 4° of the visual field.  
5.3 This test method is applicable to object-color specimens of any gloss level.  
5.4 Due to the retroreflective properties of these materials the colorimetric data may not be suitable for use in computer colorant formulation.  
5.5 This test method is suitable for quality control testing of fluorescent-retroreflective sheeting and marking materials.
Note 1: Separation of the fluorescence and reflectance components from the total colorimetric properties provides useful and meaningful information to evaluate independently the luminescent and diffuse reflective efficiency and consistency of these materials.  
5.6 This test method is the referee method for determining the conformance of fluorescent-retroreflective sheeting and marking materials to standard daytime colorimetric specifications.
SCOPE
1.1 This test method describes the instrumental measurement of the colorimetric properties (CIE tristimulus values, luminance factors, and chromaticity coordinates) of fluorescent-retroreflective sheeting and marking materials when illuminated by daylight.  
1.2 This test method is generally applicable to any sheeting or marking material having combined fluorescent and retroreflective properties used for daytime high visibility traffic control and personal safety applications.  
1.3 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard.  
1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.  
1.5 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

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ASTM
ASTM E1348-22(Test Method)
Standard Test Method for Transmittance and Color by Spectrophotometry Using Hemispherical Geometry

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
5.1 The most direct and accessible methods for obtaining the color coordinates of object colors are by instrumental measurement using spectrophotometers or colorimeters with either hemispherical or bidirectional optical measuring systems. This test method provides procedures for such measurement by transmittance spectrophotometry using a hemispherical optical measuring system.  
5.2 This test method is especially suitable for measurement of the following types of specimens (see also Guide E179 and Practice E805):  
5.2.1 Fully transparent specimens (free from turbidity, haze, or translucency), and  
5.2.2 Translucent or hazy specimens, provided that the specimen can be placed flush against the transmission port of the integrating sphere.  
5.3 This test method is not recommended for measurement of retroreflective transparent or translucent specimens, or samples that are fluorescent.
SCOPE
1.1 This test method describes the instrumental measurement of the transmission properties and color of object-color specimens by the use of a spectrophotometer or spectrocolorimeter with a hemispherical optical measuring system, such as an integrating sphere.  
1.2 This test method is generally suitable for all fully transparent specimens without regard for the specimen position relative to the transmission port of the instrument. Translucent specimens, however, must be placed flush against the transmission port of the sphere.  
1.3 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard.  
1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.  
1.5 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

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ASTM
ASTM E1477-98a(2022)(Test Method)
Standard Test Method for Luminous Reflectance Factor of Acoustical Materials by Use of Integrating-Sphere Reflectometers

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
5.1 Acoustical materials are often used as the entire ceiling of rooms and are therefore an important component of the lighting system. The luminous reflectance of all important components must be known in order to predict the level of illumination that will be obtained.  
5.2 The reflecting properties of a surface are measured relative to those of a standard reflector, the perfect reflecting diffuser, to provide a reflectance factor. The luminous reflectance factor is calculated for a standard illuminant, and a standard observer, for the standard hemispherical (integrating-sphere) geometry of illumination and viewing, in which all reflected radiation from an area of the surface is collected. In this way the reflecting properties of an acoustical material can be represented by a single number measured and calculated under standard conditions.  
5.3 Acoustical materials generally have a non-glossy white or near-white finish. The types of surface cover a wide range from smooth to deeply fissured. Measurement with integrating-sphere reflectometers has been satisfactory although multiple measurements may be required to sample the surface adequately. Instruments with other types of optical measuring systems may be used if it can be demonstrated that they provide equivalent results.  
5.4 The use of this test method for determining the luminous reflectance factor is required by Classification E1264.
SCOPE
1.1 This test method covers the measurement of the luminous reflectance factor of acoustical materials for use in predicting the levels of room illumination.  
1.2 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.  
1.3 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

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