ASTM D2102-96

NOTICE: This standard has either been superseded and replaced by a new version or discontinued.
Contact ASTM International (www.astm.org) for the latest information.
Designation: D 2102 – 96
Standard Test Method for
Shrinkage of Textile Fiber Bundle Test
This standard is issued under the fixed designation D 2102; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (e) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope a negative shrinkage or stretch.
3.1.2 For definitions of other textile terms used in this test
1.1 This test method covers the measurement of the unre-
method, refer to Terminology D 123.
strained shrinkage of a bundle of crimped or uncrimped fibers
from exposure to some environment, for instance, boiling
4. Summary of Test Method
water for 15 min.
4.1 A uniform bundle of conditioned parallel fibers is lightly
1.1.1 This test method may be used on fibers from tow and
loaded between clamps and the nip to nip length measured.
fibers removed from spun or continuous filament yarn.
Without being removed from the clamps, the bundle specimen
NOTE 1—For measurement of shrinkage of single fibers, refer to Test
is then exposed to the test environment, typically, boiling water
Method D 5104.
for 15 min. After reconditioning, the bundle length is remea-
1.2 The values stated in either inch-pound or SI units are to
sured under the same light loading.
be regarded separately as the standard. The values stated in
NOTE 2—Due to the very high variability of the shrinkage of individual
each system are not exact equivalents, therefore, each system
fibers of high shrinkage types, to obtain a reliable average value would
must be used independently of the other.
require an excessive number of determinations, each rather tedious. The
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the
bundle method does not give the true average value, but rather a weighted
safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the value approaching the highest shrinkage fiber in the bundle. Since the
weighted value more closely approximates the properties found in a high
responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-
bulk yarn made from such fibers, the weighted value would seem to be
priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-
more appropriate.
bility of regulatory limitations prior to use.
5. Significance and Use
2. Referenced Documents
5.1 Limited accuracy in measuring the change in length
2.1 ASTM Standards:
produces errors in estimating values for shrinkage below 10 %.
D 123 Terminology Relating to Textiles
However, this test is being used for low level shrinkage fibers
D 1577 Test Methods for Linear Density of Textile Fibers
because the results give have been found to give an adequate
D 1776 Practice for Conditioning Textiles for Testing
indication of average shrinkage at the lower levels. The test is
D 2258 Practice for Sampling Yarn for Testing
not adequate for determining variability in average shrinkage at
D 3333 Practice for Sampling Man-Made Staple Fibers,
low levels.
Sliver, or Tow for Testing
5.2 This test method for testing the shrinkage of fibers is not
D 5104 Test Method for Shrinkage for Textile Fibers
recommended for acceptance testing of commercial shipments
(Single-Fiber Test)
of fibers because only a limited amount of data is available. See
Section 14.
3. Terminology
5.2.1 In case of dispute arising from differences in reported
3.1 Definitions:
test results when using this test method for acceptance testing
3.1.1 shrinkage, n—a decrease in one or more dimensions
of commercial shipments, the purchaser and supplier should
of an object or material.
conduct comparative tests to determine if there is a statistical
3.1.1.1 Discussion—In this method, shrinkage means a
bias between their laboratories. Competent statistical assis-
decrease in length. The shrinkage is calculated as a percentage
tance is recommended for the investigation of bias. As a
of the original specimen length. In some cases, there is an
minimum, the two parties should take a group of samples that
increase in length rather than a decrease. This is referred to as
are as homogeneous as possible and that are from a lot of
material of the type in question. These samples should then be
This test method is under the jurisdiction of the ASTM Committee D-13 on
randomly assigned in equal numbers to each laboratory for
Textiles and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee D13.57 on Fiber Test
testing. The average results from the two laboratories should be
Methods, General.
compared using appropriate statistical analysis and an accept-
Current edition approved Nov. 10, 1996. Published December 1996. Originally
published as D 2102 – 62 T. Last previous edition D 2102 – 90.
able probability level chosen by the two parties before testing
Annual Book of ASTM Standards, Vol 07.01.
is begun. If a bias is found, either the cause must be found and
Annual Book of ASTM Standards, Vol 07.02.
Copyright © ASTM, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959, United States.
NOTICE: This standard has either been superseded and replaced by a new version or discontinued.
Contact ASTM International (www.astm.org) for the latest information.
D 2102
corrected or the purchaser and supplier must agree to interpret fibers to align the fibers in parallel. Be careful not to stretch any
future test results with consideration to the known bias. of the fibers.
5.3 This test method may be used for acceptance testing of 8.1.1 If fibers are already parallel, as in sliver or tow,
commercial shipments of fibers; but caution is advised since split-off bundles of fibers from the side of the material.
information on between laboratory precision is incomplete. 8.1.2 Draw and lap the specimen bundles such that the fiber
Comparative tests as directed in 5.2.1 are advised. ends at one end of the test specimen bundles are essentially
aligned.
6. Apparatus
8.2 Make up each specimen bundle so that its linear density
6.1 Jig, consisting of a frame with fixed upper clamp
in tex will result in a loading of 0.9 cN/tex (0.1 gf/d), by the
suitable for holding a small parallel bundle of fibers, a
weight of the sliding clamp as obtained in accordance with 9.1.
smoothly sliding lower clamp and a means for locking this
NOTE 4—Wraping Bundle Ends—Cut two short pieces of tape. Care-
lower clamp in position, and a suitable scale inscribed on the
fully wrap the tapes about the end of the specimen bundle. Space the ends
jig to measure the distance between clamps to the nearest 0.2
to give as long a specimen as practical and compatible with the jig and
mm (0.01 in.).
fiber lengths. Trim the tape ends to fit inside the clamps.
6.2 Tape Adhesive Cellophane or Masking, 25.4 mm op-
tional (1 in.). 9. Calibration
9.1 Weigh the sliding lower clamp to 0.1 g for determination
7. Sampling
of specimen bundle size as stated in 8.2. The jig must be
7.1 Lot sampling—As a lot sample for acceptance testing,
partially disassembled to do this.
take at random the number of shipping containers directed in
9.2 Clamp a scale, of approximately 40 mm (1 ⁄2 in.) in
the applicable material specification or other agreement be-
length, in the jaws with exactly 25 mm (1.0 in.) nip to nip.
tween the purchaser and supplier, such as an agreement to use
Position the upper clamp to give a reading of 1.00 in. on the
Practice D 3333 or Practice D 2258, as appropriate. Consider
inscribed scale.
shipping containers to be the primary sampling units.
10. Conditioning
NOTE 3—An adequate specification or other agreement between the
purchaser or supplier requires taking into account the variability between 10.1 Precondition and condition the laboratory samples as
shipping units, between packages, ends or other laboratory sampling unit
directed in Practice D 1776.
within a shipping unit if applicable, and within specimens from a single
10.1.1 During preconditioning, spread the samples out to
package, end or other laboratory sampling unit to provide a sampling plan
avoid any build up of temperature within the sample that could
with a meaningful produce
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