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ASTM F2154-01

(Specification)

Standard Specification for Sound-Absorbing Board, Fibrous Glass, Perforated Fibrous Glass Cloth Faced

Standard Specification for Sound-Absorbing Board, Fibrous Glass, Perforated Fibrous Glass Cloth Faced

SCOPE
1.1 This specification covers fibrous glass sound-absorbing board with a perforated fibrous glass cloth facing for sound reduction in ship spaces with high noise levels. This specification is primarily for materials used on ships. Additional requirements, testing, and certification are required for use of this material aboard U.S. Coast Guard inspected vessels in the United States.
1.2 This standard measures and describes the response of materials, products, or assemblies to heat and flame under controlled conditions, but does not by itself incorporate all factors required for fire hazard or fire risk assessment of materials, products, or assemblies under actual fire conditions.
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory requirements prior to use.

General Information

Status
Historical
Publication Date
09-Nov-2001
ICS
91.120.20 - Acoustics in building. Sound insulation
Technical Committee
F25 - Ships and Marine Technology
Drafting Committee
F25.02 - Insulation/Processes
Current Stage
Ref Project

Relations

Replaced By
ASTM F2154-01(2007) - Standard Specification for Sound-Absorbing Board, Fibrous Glass, Perforated Fibrous Glass Cloth Faced
Effective Date
01-May-2007

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ASTM F2154-01 - Standard Specification for Sound-Absorbing Board, Fibrous Glass, Perforated Fibrous Glass Cloth FacedASTM F2154-01 - Standard Specification for Sound-Absorbing Board, Fibrous Glass, Perforated Fibrous Glass Cloth Faced
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ASTM F2154-01 - Standard Specification for Sound-Absorbing Board, Fibrous Glass, Perforated Fibrous Glass Cloth Faced
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Standards Content (Sample)

Designation: F 2154 – 01
Standard Specification for
Sound-Absorbing Board, Fibrous Glass, Perforated Fibrous
1
Glass Cloth Faced
This standard is issued under the fixed designation F 2154; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (e) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope 46 CFR 164.012 Code of Federal Regulations—Interior
6
Finishes for Merchant Vessels
1.1 This specification covers fibrous glass sound-absorbing
7
Navigation and Vessel Inspection Circular (NVIC) 9-97
board with a perforated fibrous glass cloth facing for sound
reduction in ship spaces with high noise levels. This specifi-
3. Terminology
cation is primarily for materials used on ships. Additional
3.1 For definitions of terms used in this specification, see
requirements, testing, and certification are required for use of
Terminology C 634.
this material aboard U.S. Coast Guard inspected vessels in the
United States.
4. Ordering Information
1.2 This standard measures and describes the response of
4.1 Title, number, and date of this specification.
materials, products, or assemblies to heat and flame under
4.2 First article sample, when required (see 7.1).
controlled conditions, but does not by itself incorporate all
4.3 Width and length required, if other than 24- by 36-in.
factors required for fire hazard or fire risk assessment of
(609.6- by 914.4-mm) board (see 8.1).
materials, products, or assemblies under actual fire conditions.
4.4 Thickness required (see 8.2).
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the
4.5 Density of waffle board (see 10.1).
safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the
4.6 Conformance inspection reports required (see 11.1).
responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-
priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-
5. Materials and Manufacture
bility of regulatory requirements prior to use.
5.1 See typical construction details located in Supplemen-
tary Requirements Section S3.
2. Referenced Documents
2.1 ASTM Standards:
6. Performance Requirements
C 423 Test Method for Sound Absorption and Sound Ab-
6.1 Surface Flame Spread and Smoke Generation
2
sorption Coefficients by the Reverberation Room Method
2 Properties—The sound-absorbing board shall meet the re-
C 634 Terminology Relating to Environmental Acoustics
quirements for surface flame spread and smoke generation
3
D 3951 Practice for Commercial Packaging
properties for an U.S. Coast Guard Approved Interior Finish in
E 84 Test Method for Surface Burning Characteristics of
accordance with 46 CFR 164.012 or NVIC Circular 9-97.
4
Building Materials
6.2 Facing Separation—When the sound-absorbing board
2.2 ANSI Standard:
is cut or sawed, the threads of the fibrous glass cloth facing
ANSI/ASQC Z1.4 Sampling Procedures and Tables for
across which the cut is made shall not be separated from the
5
Inspection by Attributes
1
face over a distance of more than 3.0 mm ( ⁄8 in.). In case the
2.3 Other Documents:
fibrous glass cloth facing does not cover the entire surface of
the board, the uncovered portion of the board shall not extend
1
further than 3.175 mm ( ⁄8 in.) from any edge. The fibrous glass
1
This specification is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee F25 on Ships
cloth facing shall not extend over the edge of the board.
and Marine Technology and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee F25.02 on
Insulation/Processes. 6.3 Sound-Absorption—When tested as specified in 10.3,
Current edition approved November 10, 2001. Published February 2002.
2
Annual Book of ASTM Standards, Vol 04.06.
3 6
Annual Book of ASTM Standards, Vol 15.09. Available from United States Government Printing Office, Washington, DC
4
Annual Book of ASTM Standards, Vol 04.07. 20593.
5 7
Available from American National Standards Institute, 25W. 3rd St., 4th Floor, Available from Superintendent of Documents, P.O. Box 371954, Pittsburgh, PA
New York, NY 10036. 15250–7954.
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959, United States.
1

---------------------- Page: 1 ----------------------
F 2154
the sound-absorbing board shall have coefficients of absorption 9.3.1 Sampling for Density Test—Sample boards shall be
that are equal to or greater than those shown in Table 1. selected in accordance with ANSI Z1.4 at Inspection Level S-4
for the density test of 10.1. No defects shall be allowed.
7. Other Requirements
9.3.2 Sampling for Surface Flame Spread and Smoke Gen-
7.1 First Article—When specified (see Section 4), the con-
eration Properties—A sufficient number of boards shall be
tractor shall furnish sample unit(s) for first article inspection
randomly selected and joined end-to-end to form a specimen
and approval (see 11.1).
50.8 cm (20 in.) wide by 50.8 mm (2 in.) thick by 73
...

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ASTM F2154-13(2019)(Specification)
Standard Specification for Sound-Absorbing Board, Fibrous Glass, Perforated Fibrous Glass Cloth Faced

ABSTRACT
This specification covers fibrous glass sound-absorbing board with a perforated fibrous glass cloth facing for sound reduction in ship spaces with high noise levels. It also measures and describes the response of materials, products, or assemblies to heat and flame under controlled conditions, but does not by itself incorporate all factors required for fire hazard or fire risk assessment of materials, products, or assemblies under actual fire conditions. The sound-absorbing board shall conform to the following performance requirements: density, surface flame spread and smoke generation properties, facing separation, and sound absorption coefficients.
SCOPE
1.1 This specification covers fibrous glass sound-absorbing board with a perforated fibrous glass cloth facing for sound reduction in ship spaces with high noise levels. This specification is primarily for materials used on ships. Additional requirements, testing, and certification are required for use of this material aboard U.S. Coast Guard inspected vessels in the United States.  
1.2 Supplemental requirements and exceptions to the requirements discussed herein for ships of the U.S. Navy are included in Supplementary Requirements S1.  
1.3 This standard measures and describes the response of materials, products, or assemblies to heat and flame under controlled conditions, but does not by itself incorporate all factors required for fire hazard or fire risk assessment of materials, products, or assemblies under actual fire conditions.  
1.4 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. The values given in parentheses are mathematical conversions to inch-pound units that are provided for information only and are not considered standard.  
1.5 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.  
1.6 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

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ASTM C423-23(Test Method)
Standard Test Method for Sound Absorption and Sound Absorption Coefficients by the Reverberation Room Method

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
5.1 Measurement of the sound absorption of a room is part of the procedure for other acoustical measurements, such as determining the sound power level of a noise source or the sound transmission loss of a partition. It is also used in certain calculations such as predicting the sound pressure level in a room when the sound power level of a noise source in the room is known.  
5.2 The sound absorption coefficient of a surface is a property of the material composing the surface. It is ideally defined as the fraction of the randomly incident sound power absorbed by the surface, but in this test method it is operationally defined in 4.2. The relationship between the theoretically defined and the operationally measured coefficients is under continuing study.  
5.3 Diffraction effects4 usually cause the apparent area of a specimen to be greater than its geometrical area, thereby increasing the coefficients measured according to this test method. When the test specimen is highly absorptive, these values may exceed unity.  
5.4 The coefficients measured by this test method should be used with caution because not only are the areas encountered in practical usage usually larger than the test specimen, but also the sound field is rarely diffuse. In the laboratory, measurements must be made under reproducible conditions, but in practical usage the conditions that determine the effective absorption are often unpredictable. Regardless of the differences and the necessity for judgment, coefficients measured by this test method have been used successfully by architects and consultants in the acoustical design of architectural spaces.  
5.5 Field Measurements—When sound absorption measurements are made in a building in which the size and shape of the room are not under the operator's control, the approximation to a diffuse sound field is not likely to be very close. This matter should be considered when assessing the accuracy of measurements made under field conditions. (See Te...
SCOPE
1.1 This test method covers the measurement of sound absorption in a reverberation room by measuring decay rate. Procedures for measuring the absorption of a room, the absorption of an object, such as an office screen, and the sound absorption coefficients of a specimen of sound absorptive material, such as acoustical ceiling tile, are described.  
1.2 Field Measurements—Although this test method covers laboratory measurements, the test method described in 4.1 can be used for making field measurements of the absorption of rooms (see also 5.5). A method to measure the absorption of rooms in the field is described in Test Method E2235.  
1.3 This test method includes information on laboratory accreditation (see Annex A1), asymmetrical screens (see Annex A2), and reverberation room qualification (see Annex A3).  
1.4 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard.  
1.5 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.  
1.6 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

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ASTM E795-23(Practice)
Standard Practices for Mounting Test Specimens During Sound Absorption Tests

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
4.1 The sound absorption of a material that covers a flat surface depends not only on the physical properties of the material but also on the way in which the material is mounted over the surface. The mountings specified in these practices are intended to simulate in the laboratory conditions that exist in normal use.  
4.2 Some of the specified mountings require special fixtures or minor deviations from normal practice. These fixtures or deviations are to be used only during laboratory tests and should not be specified for practical installations. They are noted in the specifications for the mountings in question by the phrase “for laboratory testing only.”  
4.3 Test reports may refer to these mountings by type designation instead of providing a detailed description of the mounting used.
SCOPE
1.1 These practices cover test specimen mountings to be used during sound absorption tests performed in accordance with Test Method C423.  
1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. The values given in parentheses are mathematical conversions to inch-pound units that are provided for information only and are not considered standard.  
1.3 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

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ASTM E1574-98(2023)(Test Method)
Standard Test Method for Measurement of Sound in Residential Spaces

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
5.1 This is an in situ method, that is, the measurements are made at the actual installation. The sound levels measured according to this test method should be representative for that installation and for the quantity of acoustical absorption actually, permanently present.  
5.2 The test method has the following limitations:  
5.2.1 The test method produces sound data which may be compared with applicable criteria or limits only if they are in terms of the quantities measured in this test method.  
5.2.2 The test method does not quantify certain subjective aspects of the sound environment that may be objectionable. These include pure tones, spectral content, and temporal distribution.
SCOPE
1.1 This test method provides guidance to the methodology used in the measurement of building interior sound levels.  
1.2 This test method describes procedures for measuring sound in enclosed residential spaces produced by built-in utilities and major appliances such as plumbing, heating, ventilating, air-conditioning systems, refrigerators, and dish washers. The measured values may then be used to assess compliance, design, or habitation suitability.  
1.3 This test method does not promulgate or recommend acoustical criteria.  
1.4 This test method is not intended for obtaining data to evaluate indoor environments for:  
1.4.1 Commercial activities such as studios, communication centers, hospitals, and auditoria, and  
1.4.2 Effects from exterior sources such as aircraft, railroad operations, motor vehicles, mining operation, weapons fire, etc.  
1.5 This test method is not intended for evaluating sound transmission loss, sound absorption coefficient, or any other acoustical aspects of the space or structure.  
1.6 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard.  
1.7 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.  
1.8 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

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ASTM E336-23(Test Method)
Standard Test Method for Measurement of Airborne Sound Attenuation between Rooms in Buildings

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
5.1 The main part of this standard uses procedures originally developed for laboratory measurements of the sound transmission loss of partitions. These procedures assume that the rooms in which the measurements are performed have a sound field that reasonably approximates a diffuse field. Sound pressure levels in such rooms are reasonably uniform throughout the room and average levels vary inversely with the logarithm of the room sound absorption. Not all rooms will satisfy these conditions. Experience and controlled studies (1)6 have shown that the test method is applicable to smaller spaces normally used for work or living, such as rooms in multi-family dwellings, hotel guest rooms, meeting rooms, and offices with volumes less than 150 m3. The measures appropriate for such spaces are NR, NNR, and ATL. The corresponding single number ratings are NIC, NNIC and ASTC. The ATL and ASTC are measurable between larger spaces that meet a limitation on absorption in the spaces to provide uniform sound distribution.  
5.2 Annex A1 was developed for use in spaces that are very large (volume of 150 m3 or greater). Sound pressure levels during testing vary markedly across large rooms so that the degree of isolation varies strongly with distance from the common (separating) partition. This procedure evaluates the isolation observed near the partition. The appropriate measure is NR, and the appropriate single number rating is NIC.  
5.3 Several metrics are available for specific uses. Some evaluate the overall sound isolation between spaces including the effect of absorption in the receiving space and some evaluate the performance or apparent performance of the partition being evaluated. The results obtained are applicable only to the specific location tested.  
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1.1 The sound isolation between two spaces in a building is influenced most strongly by a combination of the direct transmission through the nominally separating building element (as normally measured in a laboratory) and any transmission along a number of indirect paths, referred to as flanking paths. Fig. 1 illustrates the direct paths (D) and some possible structural flanking paths (F). Additional non-structural flanking paths include transmission through common air ducts between rooms, or doors to the corridor from adjacent rooms. Sound isolation is also influenced by the size of the separating partition between spaces and absorption in the receiving space, and in the case of small spaces by modal behavior of the space and close proximity to surfaces.
FIG. 1 Direct (D) and Some Indirect or Flanking Paths (F and Dotted) in a Building  
1.2 The main part of this test method defines procedures and metrics to assess the sound isolation between two rooms or portions thereof in a building separated by a common partition or the apparent sound insulation of the separating partition, including both direct and flanking transmission paths in all cases. Appropriate measures and their single number ratings are the noise reduction (NR) and noise isolation class (NIC) which indicate the isolation with the receiving room furnished as it is during the test, the normalized noise reduction (NNR) and normalized noise isolation class (NNIC) which indicate the isolation expected if the receiving room was a normally furnished living or office space that is at least 25 m3 (especially useful when the test must be done with the receiving room unfurnished), and the apparent transmission loss (ATL) and apparent sound transmission class (ASTC) which indicate the apparent sound insulating properties of a separating partition including both the direct transmission and flanking transmission through the support structure. The measurement of ATL ...

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ASTM E3100-22(Guide)
Standard Guide for Acoustic Emission Examination of Concrete Structures

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
5.1 Real-time detection and assessment of cracks and other flaws in concrete structures is of great importance. A number of methods have been developed and standardized in recent decades for non-destructive evaluation of concrete structures as well as methods for in-place evaluation of concrete properties. Review of some of these methods can be found in ACI 228.2R-13, ACI 228.1R-03, and ACI 437R-03. They include visual inspection, stress-wave methods such as impact echo, pulse velocity, impulse response, nuclear methods, active and passive infrared thermography, ground-penetrating radar and others. These methods in most of the cases are not used for overall inspection of the concrete structure due to limited accessibility, significant thickness of concrete components, or other reasons and are not applied for continuous long-term monitoring. Further, these methods cannot be utilized for estimation of flaw propagation rate or evaluation of flaw sensitivity to operational level loads or environmental changes, or both.  
5.2 In addition to the previously mentioned non-destructive tests methods, vibration, displacement, tilt, shock, strain monitoring, and other methods have been applied to monitor, periodically or continuously, various factors that can affect the integrity of concrete structures during operation. However, these methods monitor risk factors that are not necessarily associated with actual damage accumulation in the monitored structures.  
5.3 Monitoring the opening or elongation of existing cracks can be performed as well using different technologies. These may include moving scales (Fig. 1), vibrating wire, draw wire, or other crack opening displacement meters, optical and digital microscopes, strain gages, or visual assessment. However, this type of monitoring is only applicable to surface cracks and requires long monitoring periods.
FIG. 1 Moving Scale Crack Opening Monitor  
5.4 This guide is meant to be used for development of acoustic emission a...
SCOPE
1.1 This guide describes the application of acoustic emission (AE) technology for examination of concrete and reinforced concrete structures during or after construction, or in service.  
1.2 Structures under consideration include but are not limited to buildings, bridges, hydraulic structures, tunnels, decks, pre/post-tensioned (PT) structures, piers, nuclear containment units, storage tanks, and associated structural elements.  
1.3 AE examinations may be conducted periodically (short-term) or monitored continuously (long-term), under normal service conditions or under specially designed loading procedures. Examples of typical examinations are the detection of growing cracks in structures or their elements under normal service conditions or during controlled load testing, long term monitoring of pre-stressed cables, and establishing safe operational loads.  
1.4 AE examination results are achieved through detection, location, and characterization of active AE sources within concrete and reinforced concrete. Such sources include micro- and macro-crack development in concrete due to loading scenarios such as fatigue, overload, settlement, impact, seismicity, fire and explosion, and also environmental effects such as temperature gradients and internal or external chemical attack (such as sulfate attack and alkali-silica reaction) or radiation. Other AE source mechanisms include corrosion of rebar or other metal parts, corrosion and rupture of cables in pre-stressed concrete, as well as friction due to structural movement or instability, or both.  
1.5 This guide discusses selection of the AE apparatus, setup, system performance verification, detection and processing of concrete damage related AE activity. The guide also provides approaches that may be used in analysis and interpretation of acoustic emission data, assessment of examination results and establishing accept/reject criteria.  
1.6 Units—The values stated ...

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ASTM C634-22(Terminology)
Standard Terminology Relating to Building and Environmental Acoustics

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
3.1 Definitions—Terms and related definitions given in Section 4 are intended for use uniformly and consistently in all building and environmental acoustic test standards in which they appear.  
3.2 Definitions of Terms Specific to Each Standard:  
3.2.1 As indicated in Section 4, terms and their definitions are intended to provide a precise understanding and interpretation of the building and environmental acoustic test standards in which they appear.  
3.2.2 A specific definition of a given term is applicable to the standard or standards in which the term is described and used.  
3.2.3 Different definitions of the same term are acceptable provided each one is consistent with and is not in conflict with the standard definition for the same term, that is, the general concept the term describes.  
3.2.4 If a standard under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee E33 specially defines a term, i.e. provides a definition different in any way from what is given in Section 4 of Terminology C634, that standard shall list the term and its description under the subheading, Definitions of Terms Specific to This Standard.
3.2.4.1 Discussion—The mandatory language of section 3.2.4 is consistent with the mandatory language from §E2 of Form and Style for ASTM Standards (April 2020) and with the ASTM Committee E33 bylaws in place when this standard was published; it reflects a situation that exists, it does not prescribe anything.  
3.3 Definitions for some terms associated with building and environmental acoustic issues and not included in Terminology C634 are found in ISO/TR 25417 or IEEE P260.4. When discrepancies exist, the definition in Terminology C634 shall prevail.
SCOPE
1.1 This terminology covers terms, related definitions, and descriptions of terms used or likely to be used in building and environmental acoustics standards. Definitions of terms are special-purpose definitions that are consistent with the standard definitions but are written to ensure that a specific building and environmental acoustics standard is properly understood and precisely interpreted. The primary focus of this document is upon terms, definitions and descriptions found within standards under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee E33; however, terms, definitions and descriptions that are of general interest to the field of acoustics are also included.  
1.2 This building and environmental acoustics standard cannot be used to provide quantitative measures.  
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.  
1.4 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

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ASTM C522-03(2022)(Test Method)
Standard Test Method for Airflow Resistance of Acoustical Materials

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
5.1 The specific airflow resistance of an acoustical material is one of the properties that determine its sound-absorptive and sound-transmitting properties. Measurement of specific airflow resistance is useful during product development, for quality control during manufacture, and for specification purposes.  
5.2 Valid measurements are made only in the region of laminar airflow where, aside from random measurement errors, the airflow resistance (R = P/U) is constant. When the airflow is turbulent, the apparent airflow resistance increases with an increase of volume velocity and the term “airflow resistance” does not apply.  
5.3 The specific airflow resistance measured by this test method may differ from the specific resistance measured by the impedance tube method in Test Method E384 for two reasons. In the presence of sound, the particle velocity inside a porous material is alternating while in this test method, the velocity is constant and in one direction only. Also, the particle velocity inside a porous material is not the same as the linear velocity measured outside the specimen.
SCOPE
1.1 This test method covers the measurement of airflow resistance and the related measurements of specific airflow resistance and airflow resistivity of porous materials that can be used for the absorption and attenuation of sound. Materials cover a range from thick boards or blankets to thin mats, fabrics, papers, and screens. When the material is anisotropic, provision is made for measurements along different axes of the specimen.  
1.2 This test method is designed for the measurement of values of specific airflow resistance ranging from 100 to 10 000 mks rayls (Pa·s/m) with linear airflow velocities ranging from 0.5 mm/s to 50 mm/s and pressure differences across the specimen ranging from 0.1 Pa to 250 Pa. The upper limit of this range of linear airflow velocities is a point at which the airflow through most porous materials is in partial or complete transition from laminar to turbulent flow.  
1.3 A procedure for accrediting a laboratory for the purposes of this test method is given in Annex A1.  
1.4 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard.  
1.4.1 Table 1 is provided for user to convert into cgs units.    
cgs acoustic ohm  
mks acoustic ohm (Pa·s/m3)  
105  
cgs rayl  
mks rayl (Pa·s/m)  
10    
cgs rayl/cm  
mks rayl/m (Pa·s/m2)  
103  
cgs rayl/in.  
mks rayl/m (Pa·s/m2)  
394  
mks rayl/in.  
mks rayl/m (Pa·s/m2)  
39.4  
1.5 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.  
1.6 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

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ASTM E492-22(Test Method)
Standard Test Method for Laboratory Measurement of Impact Sound Transmission Through Floor-Ceiling Assemblies Using the Tapping Machine

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
5.1 The spectrum of the noise in the room below the test specimen is determined by the following:  
5.1.1 The size and the mechanical properties of the floor-ceiling assembly, such as its construction, surface, mounting or edge restraints, stiffness, or internal damping,  
5.1.2 The acoustical response of the room below,  
5.1.3 The placement of the object or device producing the impacts, and  
5.1.4 The nature of the actual impact itself.  
5.2 This test method is based on the use of a standardized tapping machine of the type specified in 8.1 placed in specific positions on the floor. This machine produces a continuous series of uniform impacts at a uniform rate on a test floor and generates in the receiving room broadband sound pressure levels that are sufficiently high to make measurements possible beneath most floor types even in the presence of background noise. The tapping machine itself, however, is not designed to simulate any one type of impact, such as produced by male or female footsteps.  
5.3 Because of its portable design, the tapping machine does not simulate the weight of a human walker. Therefore, the structural sounds, i.e., creaks or booms of a floor assembly caused by such footstep excitation is not reflected in the single number impact rating derived from test results obtained by this test method. The degree of correlation between the results of tapping machine tests in the laboratory and the subjective acceptance of floors under typical conditions of domestic impact excitation is uncertain. The correlation will depend on both the type of floor construction and the nature of the impact excitation in the building.  
5.4 In laboratories designed to satisfy the requirements of this test method, the intent is that only significant path for sound transmission between the rooms is through the test specimen. This is not generally the case in buildings where there are often many other paths for sounds— flanking sound transmission. Consequently so...
SCOPE
1.1 This test method covers the laboratory measurement of impact sound transmission of floor-ceiling assemblies using a standardized tapping machine. It is assumed that the test specimen constitutes the primary sound transmission path into a receiving room located directly below and that a good approximation to a diffuse sound field exists in this room.  
1.2 Measurements may be conducted on floor-ceiling assemblies of all kinds, including those with floating-floor or suspended ceiling elements, or both, and floor-ceiling assemblies surfaced with any type of floor-surfacing or floor-covering materials.  
1.3 This test method prescribes a uniform procedure for reporting laboratory test data, that is, the normalized one-third octave band sound pressure levels transmitted by the floor-ceiling assembly due to the tapping machine.  
1.4 Laboratory Accreditation—The requirements for accrediting a laboratory for performing this test method are given in Annex A2.  
1.5 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard.  
1.6 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.  
1.7 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

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ASTM
ASTM E1477-98a(2022)(Test Method)
Standard Test Method for Luminous Reflectance Factor of Acoustical Materials by Use of Integrating-Sphere Reflectometers

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
5.1 Acoustical materials are often used as the entire ceiling of rooms and are therefore an important component of the lighting system. The luminous reflectance of all important components must be known in order to predict the level of illumination that will be obtained.  
5.2 The reflecting properties of a surface are measured relative to those of a standard reflector, the perfect reflecting diffuser, to provide a reflectance factor. The luminous reflectance factor is calculated for a standard illuminant, and a standard observer, for the standard hemispherical (integrating-sphere) geometry of illumination and viewing, in which all reflected radiation from an area of the surface is collected. In this way the reflecting properties of an acoustical material can be represented by a single number measured and calculated under standard conditions.  
5.3 Acoustical materials generally have a non-glossy white or near-white finish. The types of surface cover a wide range from smooth to deeply fissured. Measurement with integrating-sphere reflectometers has been satisfactory although multiple measurements may be required to sample the surface adequately. Instruments with other types of optical measuring systems may be used if it can be demonstrated that they provide equivalent results.  
5.4 The use of this test method for determining the luminous reflectance factor is required by Classification E1264.
SCOPE
1.1 This test method covers the measurement of the luminous reflectance factor of acoustical materials for use in predicting the levels of room illumination.  
1.2 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.  
1.3 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

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