ASTM D5186-03

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An American National Standard
Designation:D5186–03
Standard Test Method for
Determination of the Aromatic Content and Polynuclear
Aromatic Content of Diesel Fuels and Aviation Turbine Fuels
1
By Supercritical Fluid Chromatography
This standard is issued under the fixed designation D 5186; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (e) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope * 3.1.1 critical pressure, n—that pressure needed to condense
a gas at the critical temperature.
1.1 This test method covers the determination of the total
3.1.2 critical temperature, n—the highest temperature at
amounts of monoaromatic and polynuclear aromatic hydrocar-
which a gaseous fluid may be converted to a liquid by means
bon compounds in motor diesel fuels, aviation turbine fuels,
of compression.
and blend stocks by supercritical fluid chromatography (SFC).
3.1.3 mononuclear aromatic hydrocarbons, n—hydro-
The range of aromatics concentration to which this test method
carbon compounds containing exactly one aromatic ring. This
is applicable is from 1 to 75 mass %. The range of polynuclear
group includes benzene, alkyl-substituted benzenes, indans,
aromatic hydrocarbon concentrations to which this test method
tetralins, alkyl-substituted indans, and alkyl-substituted tetra-
is applicable is from 0.5 to 50 mass %.
lins.
1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as
3.1.4 polynuclear aromatic hydrocarbons, n—all hydrocar-
standard. The values stated in inch-pound units are for infor-
bon compounds containing two or more aromatic rings. These
mation only.
rings may be fused as in naphthalene and phenanthrene, or
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the
separate as in biphenyl.
safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the
3.1.5 restrictor, n—a device, attached to the outlet of a
responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-
chromatographic column, to restrict the mobile phase flow
priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-
such that the mobile phase is maintained in the supercritical
bility of regulatory limitations prior to use.
state throughout the chromatographic column.
2. Referenced Documents 3.1.6 supercritical fluid, n—a fluid maintained in a thermo-
dynamic state above its critical temperature and critical pres-
2.1 ASTM Standards:
sure.
D 1319 Test Method for Hydrocarbon Types in Liquid
2
3.1.7 supercritical fluid chromatography, n—a class of
Petroleum Products by Fluorescent Indicator Adsorption
2
chromatography that employs supercritical fluids as mobile
D 1655 Specification for Aviation Turbine Fuels
phases.
D 2425 Test Method for Hydrocarbon Types in Middle
2
Distillates by Mass Spectrometry
4. Summary of Test Method
D 6299 Practice for Applying Statistical Quality Assurance
4.1 A small aliquot of the fuel sample is injected onto a
Techniques to Evaluate Analytical Measurement System
3 packed silica adsorption column and eluted using supercritical
Performance
carbon dioxide mobile phase. Monoaromatics and polynuclear
3. Terminology aromatics in the sample are separated from nonaromatics and
detected using a flame ionization detector.
3.1 Definitions of Terms Specific to This Standard:
4.2 The detector response to hydrocarbons is recorded
throughout the analysis time. The chromatographic areas
1
This test method is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D02 on
corresponding to the monoaromatic, polynuclear aromatic, and
Petroleum Products and Lubricants and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee
nonaromatic components are determined and the mass %
D02.04 on Hydrocarbon Analysis.
content of each of these groups in the fuel is calculated by area
Current edition approved May 10, 2003. Published June 2003. Originally
approved in 1991. Last previous edition approved in 1999 as D 5186–99.
normalization.
2
Annual Book of ASTM Standards, Vol 05.01.
3
Annual Book of ASTM Standards, Vol 05.03.
*A Summary of Changes section appears at the end of this standard.
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959, United States.
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D5186–03
TABLE 1 Typical Operating Conditions
Parameter A B C D
Column Vendor Chromegasphere Suprex YMC Hewlett-Packard
A
Packing SI 60 Petro-Pak S SI 60 HP-Hydrocarbon
Length (mm) 250 250 500 250
ID(mm) 2214.6
Particle size, mm 5 5 10 5
Temperature, °C 30 40 30 28
B
CO pressure, atm 115 125 115 197
2
C
Flow rate, mL/min 40 37 33 20
Injection, µL 0.1 0.1 0.06 0.5
FID, temperature, °C 350 385 350 350
Air, mL/min 300 800 280 400
H,mL/min 50803350
2
Air
...