ASTM D2880-23
(Specification)Standard Specification for Gas Turbine Fuel Oils
Standard Specification for Gas Turbine Fuel Oils
ABSTRACT
This specification covers the selection of fuels for gas turbines, excepting gas turbines used in aircraft, for the guidance of interested parties such as turbine manufacturers and the suppliers and purchasers of fuel oils. The specification sets forth the properties of fuels at the time and place of custody transfer to the user. The fuels shall be homogeneous mixtures of hydrocarbon oils free of inorganic acid, and free of excessive amounts of solid or fibrous foreign matter likely to make frequent cleaning of suitable strainers necessary. All grades containing residual components shall remain homogeneous in normal storage and not separated by gravity into light and heavy oil components outside the viscosity limits for the grade. The following test methods shall be performed to determine certain properties: flash point test, pour point test, water and sediment test, carbon residue test, ash test, distillation test, viscosity test, density test, and sulfur test.
SCOPE
1.1 This specification covers the grades of fuels for gas turbines, excepting gas turbines used in aircraft, for the guidance of interested parties such as turbine manufacturers and the suppliers and purchasers of fuel oils. These grades are described as follows:
1.1.1 Grades No. 0-GT S5000, No. 0-GT S500, and No. 0-GT S15 includes naphtha, Jet B, and other light hydrocarbon liquids that characteristically have low flash point and low viscosity as compared with kerosine and fuel oils.
1.1.2 Grades No. 1-GT S5000, No. 1-GT S500, and No. 1-GT S15 are a light distillate fuel oil suitable for use in nearly all gas turbines.
1.1.3 Grades No. 2-GT S5000, No. 2-GT S500, and No. 2-GT S15, which is a heavier distillate than Grade No. 1-GT, can be used by gas turbines not requiring the clean burning characteristics of Grade No. 1-GT. Fuel heating equipment may be required by the gas turbine depending on the fuel system design or ambient temperature conditions, or both.
1.1.4 Grade No. 3-GT may be a heavier distillate than Grade No. 2-GT, a residual fuel oil that meets the low ash requirements, or a blend of distillate with a residual fuel oil. Fuel heating will be required by the gas turbine in almost every installation.
1.1.5 Grade No. 4-GT includes most residuals and some topped crudes. Because of the wide variation and lack of control of properties, the gas turbine manufacturer should be consulted with regard to acceptable limits on properties.
1.2 Three appendixes are provided for informational purposes only and do not constitute a requirement of this specification unless mutually agreed upon between the interested parties.
1.2.1 Appendix X1 describes the five grades of gas turbine fuels covered by this specification. Further, it states the significance of various test methods used in inspecting the fuels.
1.2.2 Appendix X2 discusses the sources of fuel contaminants and notes the significance of such contaminants in the operation of gas turbines and gas turbine fuel systems. The particular significance of trace metals in gas turbine fuels is noted. Upper limits of trace metals are recommended for the various grades of gas turbine fuels, but these recommended limits do not constitute a requirement of the specification unless mutually agreed upon by the interested parties. Limitations due to the use of used or recycled oil are also noted.
Note 1: The gas turbine operator should consult Practice D4418 for methods of ensuring fuels of adequate cleanliness and for guidance on long-term storage of distillate fuels and on liquids from non-petroleum sources as gas turbine.
Note 2: The generation and dissipation of static electricity can create problems in the handling of distillate gas turbine fuel oils. For more information on the subject, see Guide D4865.
1.3 This specification, unless otherwise provided by agreement between the purchaser and the supplier, prescribes the required properties of gas turbine fuel oils at t...
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Standards Content (Sample)
This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the
Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
Designation: D2880 − 23
Standard Specification for
1
Gas Turbine Fuel Oils
This standard is issued under the fixed designation D2880; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
This standard has been approved for use by agencies of the U.S. Department of Defense.
1. Scope* 1.2.2 Appendix X2 discusses the sources of fuel contami-
nants and notes the significance of such contaminants in the
1.1 This specification covers the grades of fuels for gas
operation of gas turbines and gas turbine fuel systems. The
turbines, excepting gas turbines used in aircraft, for the
particular significance of trace metals in gas turbine fuels is
guidance of interested parties such as turbine manufacturers
noted. Upper limits of trace metals are recommended for the
and the suppliers and purchasers of fuel oils. These grades are
various grades of gas turbine fuels, but these recommended
described as follows:
limits do not constitute a requirement of the specification
1.1.1 Grades No. 0-GT S5000, No. 0-GT S500, and No.
unless mutually agreed upon by the interested parties. Limita-
0-GT S15 includes naphtha, Jet B, and other light hydrocarbon
tions due to the use of used or recycled oil are also noted.
liquids that characteristically have low flash point and low
viscosity as compared with kerosine and fuel oils.
NOTE 1—The gas turbine operator should consult Practice D4418 for
methods of ensuring fuels of adequate cleanliness and for guidance on
1.1.2 Grades No. 1-GT S5000, No. 1-GT S500, and No.
long-term storage of distillate fuels and on liquids from non-petroleum
1-GT S15 are a light distillate fuel oil suitable for use in nearly
sources as gas turbine.
all gas turbines.
NOTE 2—The generation and dissipation of static electricity can create
1.1.3 Grades No. 2-GT S5000, No. 2-GT S500, and No.
problems in the handling of distillate gas turbine fuel oils. For more
2-GT S15, which is a heavier distillate than Grade No. 1-GT, information on the subject, see Guide D4865.
can be used by gas turbines not requiring the clean burning
1.3 This specification, unless otherwise provided by agree-
characteristics of Grade No. 1-GT. Fuel heating equipment
ment between the purchaser and the supplier, prescribes the
may be required by the gas turbine depending on the fuel
required properties of gas turbine fuel oils at the time and place
system design or ambient temperature conditions, or both.
of delivery.
1.1.4 Grade No. 3-GT may be a heavier distillate than Grade
1.4 Nothing in this specification shall preclude observance
No. 2-GT, a residual fuel oil that meets the low ash
of federal, state, or local regulations which may be more
requirements, or a blend of distillate with a residual fuel oil.
restrictive.
Fuel heating will be required by the gas turbine in almost every
1.5 This international standard was developed in accor-
installation.
dance with internationally recognized principles on standard-
1.1.5 Grade No. 4-GT includes most residuals and some
ization established in the Decision on Principles for the
topped crudes. Because of the wide variation and lack of
Development of International Standards, Guides and Recom-
control of properties, the gas turbine manufacturer should be
mendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical
consulted with regard to acceptable limits on properties.
Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
1.2 Three appendixes are provided for informational pur-
poses only and do not constitute a requirement of this specifi-
2. Referenced Documents
cation unless mutually agreed upon between the interested
2
2.1 ASTM Standards:
parties.
D56 Test Method for Flash Point by Tag Closed Cup Tester
1.2.1 Appendix X1 describes the five grades of gas turbine
D86 Test Method for Distillation of Petroleum Products and
fuels covered by this specification. Further, it states the
Liquid Fuels at Atmospheric Pressure
significance of various test methods used in inspecting the
D93 Test Methods for Flash Point by Pensky-Martens
fuels.
Closed Cup Tester
D97 Test Method for Pour Point of Petroleum Products
1
This specification is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D02 on
Petroleum Products, Liquid Fuels, and Lubricants and is the direct responsibility of
2
Subcommittee D02.E0 on Burner, Diesel and Non-Aviation Gas Turbine Fuels. For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or
Current edition approved Jan. 15, 2023. Published May 2023. Originally con
...
This document is not an ASTM standard and is intended only to provide the user of an ASTM standard an indication of what changes have been made to the previous version. Because
it may not be technically possible to adequately depict all changes accurately, ASTM recommends that users consult prior editions as appropriate. In all cases only the current version
of the standard as published by ASTM is to be considered the official document.
Designation: D2880 − 20 D2880 − 23
Standard Specification for
1
Gas Turbine Fuel Oils
This standard is issued under the fixed designation D2880; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
This standard has been approved for use by agencies of the U.S. Department of Defense.
1. Scope*
1.1 This specification covers the selectiongrades of fuels for gas turbines, excepting gas turbines used in aircraft, for the guidance
of interested parties such as turbine manufacturers and the suppliers and purchasers of fuel oils. The specification sets forth the
properties of fuels at the time and place of custody transfer to the user.These grades are described as follows:
1.1.1 Grades No. 0-GT S5000, No. 0-GT S500, and No. 0-GT S15 includes naphtha, Jet B, and other light hydrocarbon liquids
that characteristically have low flash point and low viscosity as compared with kerosine and fuel oils.
1.1.2 Grades No. 1-GT S5000, No. 1-GT S500, and No. 1-GT S15 are a light distillate fuel oil suitable for use in nearly all gas
turbines.
1.1.3 Grades No. 2-GT S5000, No. 2-GT S500, and No. 2-GT S15, which is a heavier distillate than Grade No. 1-GT, can be used
by gas turbines not requiring the clean burning characteristics of Grade No. 1-GT. Fuel heating equipment may be required by the
gas turbine depending on the fuel system design or ambient temperature conditions, or both.
1.1.4 Grade No. 3-GT may be a heavier distillate than Grade No. 2-GT, a residual fuel oil that meets the low ash requirements,
or a blend of distillate with a residual fuel oil. Fuel heating will be required by the gas turbine in almost every installation.
1.1.5 Grade No. 4-GT includes most residuals and some topped crudes. Because of the wide variation and lack of control of
properties, the gas turbine manufacturer should be consulted with regard to acceptable limits on properties.
1.2 Three appendixes are provided for informational purposes only and do not constitute a requirement of this specification unless
mutually agreed upon between the interested parties.
1.2.1 Appendix X1 describes the five grades of gas turbine fuels covered by this specification. Further, it states the significance
of various test methods used in inspecting the fuels.
1.2.2 Appendix X2 discusses the sources of fuel contaminants and notes the significance of such contaminants in the operation
of gas turbines and gas turbine fuel systems. The particular significance of trace metals in gas turbine fuels is noted. Upper limits
of trace metals are recommended for the various grades of gas turbine fuels, but these recommended limits do not constitute a
requirement of the specification unless mutually agreed upon by the interested parties. Limitations due to the use of used or
recycled oil are also noted.
1
This specification is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D02 on Petroleum Products, Liquid Fuels, and Lubricants and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee
D02.E0 on Burner, Diesel and Non-Aviation Gas Turbine Fuels.
Current edition approved May 1, 2020Jan. 15, 2023. Published May 2020May 2023. Originally approved in 1970. Last previous edition approved in 20182020 as
D2880 – 18a.D2880 – 20. DOI: 10.1520/D2880-20.10.1520/D2880-23.
*A Summary of Changes section appears at the end of this standard
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States
1
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D2880 − 23
NOTE 1—The gas turbine operator should consult Practice D4418 for methods of ensuring fuels of adequate cleanliness and for guidance on long-term
storage of distillate fuels and on liquids from non-petroleum sources as gas turbine.
NOTE 2—Nothing in this specification shall preclude observance of federal, state, or local regulations which may be more restrictive.
NOTE 2—The generation and dissipation of static electricity can create problems in the handling of distillate gas turbine fuel oils. For more information
on the subject, see Guide D4865.
1.3 This specification, unless otherwise provided by agreement between the purchaser and the supplier, prescribes the required
properties of gas turbine fuel oils at the time and place of delivery.
1.4 Nothing in this specification shall preclude observance of federal, state, or local
...
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