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ASTM D1691-95

(Test Method)

Standard Test Methods for Zinc in Water

Standard Test Methods for Zinc in Water

SCOPE
1.1 These test methods cover the determination of zinc in water. Two test methods are given as follows:SectionsTest Method A-Atomic Absorption, Direct0.05 to 2 mg/L8-16Test Method B-Atomic Absorption, Chelation-Extraction20 to 200 μg/L17-25
1.2 Either dissolved or total recoverable zinc may be determined.
1.3 These test methods have been used successfully with reagent grade water. See the specific test method for applicability to other matrices. It is the user's responsibility to assure the validity of these test methods in other matrices.
1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use. For specific hazard statements, see Section 6 and Note 5, Note 8, and Note 13.
1.5 Two former colorimetric test methods were discontinued. Refer to Appendix X1 for historical information.

General Information

Status
Historical
Publication Date
09-Mar-2002
ICS
13.060.50 - Examination of water for chemical substances
Technical Committee
D19 - Water
Drafting Committee
D19.05 - Inorganic Constituents in Water
Current Stage
Ref Project

Relations

Replaced By
ASTM D1691-02 - Standard Test Methods for Zinc in Water
Effective Date
10-Mar-2002

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ASTM D1691-95 - Standard Test Methods for Zinc in Water
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Standards Content (Sample)

NOTICE: This standard has either been superseded and replaced by a new version or
withdrawn. Contact ASTM International (www.astm.org) for the latest information.
Designation: D 1691 – 95
AMERICAN SOCIETY FOR TESTING AND MATERIALS
100 Barr Harbor Dr., West Conshohocken, PA 19428
Reprinted from the Annual Book of ASTM Standards. Copyright ASTM
Standard Test Methods for
1
Zinc in Water
This standard is issued under the fixed designation D 1691; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (e) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
This standard has been approved for use by agencies of the Department of Defense. Consult the DoD Index of Specifications and
Standards for the specific year of issue which has been adopted by the Department of Defense.
1. Scope D 3370 Practices for Sampling Water from Closed Con-
2
duits
1.1 These test methods cover the determination of zinc in
2
D 3557 Test Methods for Cadmium in Water
water. Two test methods are given as follows:
2
D 3558 Test Methods for Cobalt in Water
2
D 3559 Test Methods for Lead in Water
Sections
D 4841 Practice for Estimation of Holding Time for Water
Test Method A—Atomic Absorption, Direct 0.05 to 2 mg/L 8-16
2
Test Method B—Atomic Absorption, 20 to 200 μg/L 17-25
Samples Containing Organic and Inorganic Constituents
Chelation-Extraction
3. Terminology
1.2 Either dissolved or total recoverable zinc may be deter-
3.1 Definitions: —For definitions of terms used in these test
mined.
1.3 These test methods have been used successfully with methods, refer to Terminology D 1129.
3.2 Definitions of Terms Specific to This Standard:
reagent grade water. See the specific test method for applica-
3.2.1 total recoverable zinc—an arbitrary analytical term
bility to other matrices. It is the user’s responsibility to assure
relating to the recoverable form of zinc that is determinable by
the validity of these test methods in other matrices.
the digestion method which is included in the Procedure.
1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the
safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the
4. Significance and Use
responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-
4.1 Zinc is an essential and beneficial element in body
priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-
growth. Concentrations above 5 mg/L can cause a bitter
bility of regulatory limitations prior to use. For specific hazard
astringent taste and opalescence in alkaline waters. The zinc
statements, see Section 6 and Note 5, Note 8, and Note 13.
concentration of U.S. drinking waters varies between 0.06 and
1.5 Two former colorimetric test methods were discontin-
7.0 mg/L with a mean of 1.33 mg/L. Zinc most commonly
ued. Refer to Appendix X1 for historical information.
enters the domestic water supply from deterioration of galva-
nized iron and dezincification of brass. Zinc in water also may
2. Referenced Documents
3
result from industrial water pollution.
2.1 ASTM Standards:
2
D 858 Test Methods for Manganese in Water
5. Purity of Reagents
2
D 1066 Practice for Sampling Steam
5.1 Reagent grade chemicals shall be used in all tests.
2
D 1068 Test Methods for Iron in Water
Unless otherwise indicated, it is intended that all reagents shall
2
D 1129 Terminology Relating to Water
conform to the specifications of the Committee on Analytical
D 1192 Specification for Equipment for Sampling Water
Reagents of the American Chemical Society, where such
2
and Steam in Closed Conduits
4
specifications are available. Other grades may be used,
2
D 1193 Specification for Reagent Water
provided it is first ascertained that the reagent is of sufficiently
2
D 1687 Test Methods for Chromium in Water
high purity to permit its use without lessening the accuracy of
2
D 1688 Test Methods for Copper in Water
the determination.
2
D 1886 Test Methods for Nickel in Water
5.2 Purity of Water—Unless otherwise indicated, references
D 2777 Practice for Determination of Precision and Bias of
2
Applicable Methods of Committee D-19 on Water
3
“Standard Methods for the Examination of Water and Wastewater,” 16th
edition, 1985, APHA, AWWA-WPCF.
1
4
These test methods are under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D-19 on
Reagent Chemicals, American Chemical Society Specifications, American
Water and are the direct responsibility of Subcommittee D19.05 on Inorganic Chemical Society, Washington, DC. For suggestions on the testing of reagents not
Constituents in Water. listed by the American Chemical Society, see Analar Standards for Laboratory
Current edition approved Sept. 10, 1995. Published November 1995. Originally Chemicals, BDH Ltd., Poole, Dorset, U.K., and the United States Pharmacopeia
published as D 1691 – 59 T. Last previous edition D 1691 – 90. and National Formulary, U.S. Pharmaceutical Convention,
...

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5.1 A rapid and routine procedure for determining biomass of the living microorganisms in cultures, waters, wastewaters, and in plankton and periphyton samples taken from surface waters is frequently of vital importance. However, classical techniques such as direct microscope counts, turbidity, organic chemical analyses, cell tagging, and plate counts are expensive, time-consuming, or tend to underestimate total numbers. In addition, some of these methods do not distinguish between living and nonliving cells.  
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1.1 This test method covers a protocol for capturing, extracting and quantifying the cellular adenosine triphosphate (cATP) content associated with microorganisms normally found in laboratory cultures and waters in plankton and periphyton samples from waters.  
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5.1 This test method is useful for the analysis of total uranium in water following wet-ashing, as required, due to impurities or suspended materials in the water.
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1.1 This test method covers the determination of total uranium, by mass concentration, in water within the calibrated range of the instrument, 0.1 μg/L or greater. Samples with uranium mass concentrations above the laser phosphorimeter dynamic range are diluted to bring the concentration to a measurable level.  
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5.2 Hardness is caused by any polyvalent cations, but those other than Ca+2 and Mg+2 are seldom present in more than trace amounts. The term hardness was originally applied to water in which it was hard to wash; it referred to the soap-wasting properties of water. With most normal alkaline water, these soap-wasting properties are directly related to the calcium and magnesium content.
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Standard Test Method for Determination of Aldicarb, Aldicarb Sulfone, Aldicarb Sulfoxide, Carbofuran, Methomyl, Oxamyl, and Thiofanox in Water by Liquid Chromatography/Tandem Mass Spectrometry (LC/MS/MS)

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5.1 This test method has been developed by U.S. EPA Region 5 Chicago Regional Laboratory (CRL).  
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5.3 This test method has been investigated for use with reagent, surface, and drinking water for the selected carbamates: aldicarb, aldicarb sulfone, aldicarb sulfoxide, carbofuran, methomyl, oxamyl, and thiofanox.
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1.1 This test method covers the determination of aldicarb, aldicarb sulfone, aldicarb sulfoxide, carbofuran, methomyl, oxamyl, and thiofanox (referred to collectively as carbamates in this test method) in water by direct injection using liquid chromatography (LC) and detected with tandem mass spectrometry (MS/MS). These analytes are qualitatively and quantitatively determined by this test method. This test method adheres to multiple reaction monitoring (MRM) mass spectrometry.  
1.2 The Detection Verification Level (DVL) and Reporting Range for the carbamates are listed in Table 1.    
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ASTM D7574-23(Test Method)
Standard Test Method for Determination of Bisphenol A in Environmental Waters by Liquid Chromatography/Tandem Mass Spectrometry

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5.1 The first reported synthesis of BPA was by the reaction of phenol with acetone by Zincke.4 BPA has become an important high volume industrial chemical used in the manufacture of polycarbonate plastic and epoxy resins. Polycarbonate plastic and resins are used in numerous products including electrical and electronic equipment, automobiles, sports and safety equipment, reusable food and drink containers, electrical laminates for printed circuit boards, composites, paints, adhesives, dental sealants, protective coatings and many other products.5  
5.2 The environmental source of BPA is predominantly from the decomposition of polycarbonate plastics and resins. BPA is not classified as bio-accumulative by the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency and will biodegrade. BPA has been reported to have adverse effects in aquatic organisms and may be released into environmental waters directly at trace levels through landfill leachate and POTW effluents. This method has been investigated for use with surface water and secondary and tertiary POTW effluent samples therefore, it is applicable to these matrices only. It has not been investigated for use with salt water or solid sample matrices.
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1.1 This test method covers the determination of bisphenol A (BPA) extracted from water utilizing solid phase extraction (SPE), separated using liquid chromatography (LC) and detected with tandem mass spectrometry (MS/MS). BPA is qualitatively and quantitatively determined by this method. This test method adheres to multiple reaction monitoring (MRM) mass spectrometry.  
1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard.  
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SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
5.1 Pesticides may be used in various agricultural and household products. These products may enter waterways at low levels through run-off or misuse near water resources. Hence, there is a need for quick, easy and robust method to determine pesticide concentration in water matrices for understanding the sources and concentration levels in affected areas.  
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SCOPE
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1.2 A full collaborative study to meet the requirements of Practice D2777 has not been completed. This standard contains single-operator precision and bias based on single-operator data. Publication of standards that have not been fully validated is done to make the current technology accessible to users of standards, and to solicit additional input from the user community.  
1.3 A reporting limit check sample (RLCS) is analyzed during every batch to ensure that if an analyte was present in a sample at or near the reporting limit it would be positively identified and accurately quantitated within set quality control limits. A method detection limit (MDL) study was not done for this method, the method detection limits would be much lower than the reporting limits in this method and would be irrelevant. A RLCS was determined to be more applicable for this standard. If this method is adapted to report much lower or near the MDL then a MDL study would be warranted.  
1.4 Units—The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard.  
1.5 The Reporting Range for the target analytes are listed in Table 1.  
1.5.1 The reporting limit in this test method is the minimum value below which data are documented as non-detects. The reporting limit is calculated from the concentration of the Level 1 calibration standard as shown in Table 6 after taking into account an 8 mL water sample volume and a final diluted sample volume of 10 mL (80 % water/20 % methanol).  
1.6 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.  
1.7 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

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Standard Test Method for Determination of Nonylphenol, p-tert-Octylphenol, Nonylphenol Monoethoxylate and Nonylphenol Diethoxylate in Environmental Waters by Liquid Chromatography/Tandem Mass Spectrometry

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
5.1 NP and OP have been shown to have toxic effects in aquatic organisms. The source of NP and OP is prominently from the use of common commercial surfactants. The most widely used surfactant is nonylphenol ethoxylate (NPEO) which has an average ethoxylate chain length of nine. The ethoxylate chain is readily biodegraded to form NP1EO, NP2EO, nonylphenol carboxylate (NPEC) and, under anaerobic conditions, NP. NP will also biodegrade, but may be released into environmental waters directly at trace levels. This method has been investigated and is applicable for environmental waters, including seawater.
SCOPE
1.1 This test method covers the determination of nonylphenol (NP), nonylphenol ethoxylate (NP1EO), nonylphenol diethoxylate (NP2EO), and octylphenol (OP), extracted from water utilizing solid phase extraction (SPE), separated using liquid chromatography (LC) and detected with tandem mass spectrometry (MS/MS). These compounds are qualitatively and quantitatively determined by this method. This method adheres to single reaction monitoring (SRM) mass spectrometry.  
1.2 The method detection limit (MDL) and reporting limit (RL) for NP, NP1EO, NP2EO, and OP are listed in Table 1.    
1.3 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard.  
1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.  
1.5 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

  • Standard
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    English language
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  • Standard
    10 pages
    English language
    sale 15% off