ASTM C126-99(2005)
(Specification)Standard Specification for Ceramic Glazed Structural Clay Facing Tile, Facing Brick, and Solid Masonry Units
Standard Specification for Ceramic Glazed Structural Clay Facing Tile, Facing Brick, and Solid Masonry Units
ABSTRACT
This specification covers structural clay load-bearing facing tile and facing brick and other “solid masonry units” made from clay, shale, fire-clay, or mixtures thereof, with or without the addition of grog or other mixtures, having a finish consisting of a ceramic glaze fused to the body at above a certain temperature making them inseparable, excluding natural salt-glazed ware. The following grades and types are covered: Grade S which is for use with comparatively narrow mortar joints, Grade SS which is for use where variation of face dimension must be very small, Type I or single-faced unit which is for general use where only one finished face will be exposed, and Type II or two-faced unit which is for general use where two opposite finished faces will be exposed. The brick and tile are manufactured from clay, shale, or similar naturally occurring substances and subjected to a heat treatment at elevated temperatures (firing). The heat treatment must develop sufficient fired bond between the particulate constituents to provide the strength requirements specified. The masonry units are classified as solid masonry unit and hollow masonry unit. The former is a unit whose net cross-sectional area in every plane parallel to the bearing surface is 75 % or more of its gross cross-sectional area measured in the same plane and the latter is a unit whose net cross-sectional area in any plane parallel to the bearing surface is less than 75 % of its gross cross-sectional area measured in the same plane. Different tests shall be performed in order to determine the following properties: compressive strength, imperviousness, opacity, resistance to fading, resistance to autoclave crazing, flame spread, fuel contribution, smoke density, toxic fumes, hardness, and abrasion resistance.
SCOPE
1.1 This specification covers structural clay load-bearing facing tile and facing brick and other "solid masonry units" made from clay, shale, fire-clay, or mixtures thereof, with or without the addition of grog or other mixtures, having a finish consisting of a ceramic glaze fused to the body at above 1500F (655C) making them inseparable, excluding natural salt-glazed ware. Two grades, based on permissible variation in face dimensions, and two types are covered, as follows:
1.1.1 Grade S (select), for use with comparatively narrow mortar joints.
1.1.2 Grade SS (select sized or ground edge), for use where variation of face dimension must be very small.
1.1.3 Type I (single-faced units), for general use where only one finished face will be exposed.
1.1.4 Type II (two-faced units), for use where two opposite finished faces will be exposed.
1.2 The property requirements of this specification apply at the time of purchase. The use of results from testing of brick and tile extracted from masonry structures for determining conformance or nonconformance to the property requirements (Section 5) of this standard is beyond the scope of this specification.
1.3 Brick and tile covered by this specification are manufactured from clay, shale, or similar naturally occurring substances and subjected to a heat treatment at elevated temperatures (firing). The heat treatment must develop sufficient fired bond between the particulate constituents to provide the strength requirements of this specification. (See firing and fired bond in Terminology C 43.)
1.4 The text of this standard references notes and footnotes which provide explanatory material. These notes and footnotes (excluding those in tables and figures) shall not be considered as requirements of the standard.
1.5The following precautionary caveat pertains only to the test portion (Section 16) of this specification. This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.
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NOTICE: This standard has either been superseded and replaced by a new version or withdrawn.
Contact ASTM International (www.astm.org) for the latest information
Designation: C 126 – 99 (Reapproved 2005)
Standard Specification for
Ceramic Glazed Structural Clay Facing Tile, Facing Brick,
and Solid Masonry Units
This standard is issued under the fixed designation C 126; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (e) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
This standard has been approved for use by agencies of the Department of Defense.
1. Scope does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any,
associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this
1.1 This specification covers structural clay load-bearing
standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices
facing tile and facing brick and other “solid masonry units”
and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior
made from clay, shale, fire-clay, or mixtures thereof, with or
to use.
without the addition of grog or other mixtures, having a finish
consisting of a ceramic glaze fused to the body at above
2. Referenced Documents
1500°F (655°C) making them inseparable, excluding natural
2.1 ASTM Standards:
salt-glazedware.Twogrades,basedonpermissiblevariationin
C43 Terminology of Structural Clay Products
face dimensions, and two types are covered, as follows:
C67 Test Methods of Sampling and Testing Brick and
1.1.1 Grade S (select), for use with comparatively narrow
Structural Clay Tile
mortar joints.
E84 Test Method for Surface Burning Characteristics of
1.1.2 Grade SS (select sized or ground edge), for use where
Building Materials
variation of face dimension must be very small.
2.2 National Fire Protection Association Standard:
1.1.3 Type I (single-faced units), for general use where only
NFPA No. 255 Test for Surface Burning Characteristics of
one finished face will be exposed.
Building Materials
1.1.4 Type II (two-faced units), for use where two opposite
2.3 Underwriters Laboratories, Inc. Standard:
finished faces will be exposed.
UL No. 723 Flammability Studies of Cellular Plastics and
1.2 The property requirements of this specification apply at
other Building Materials used for Interior Finishes
the time of purchase. The use of results from testing of brick
2.4 International Conference of Building Offıcials Stan-
and tile extracted from masonry structures for determining
dard:
conformance or nonconformance to the property requirements
UBC No. 8-1 Test Method for Fire Hazard Classification of
(Section 5) of this standard is beyond the scope of this
Building Material
specification.
2.5 Government Standard:
1.3 Brick and tile covered by this specification are manu-
Federal Standard Test No. 141
factured from clay, shale, or similar naturally occurring sub-
stances and subjected to a heat treatment at elevated tempera-
3. Ordering Information
tures (firing). The heat treatment must develop sufficient fired
3.1 Orders for material under this specification shall include
bond between the particulate constituents to provide the
the following information:
strength requirements of this specification. (See firing and fired
3.1.1 Grade—When the grade is not specified, the require-
bond in TerminologyC43.)
ments for Grade S shall govern.
1.4 The text of this standard references notes and footnotes
which provide explanatory material. These notes and footnotes
(excluding those in tables and figures) shall not be considered
For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or
as requirements of the standard.
contact ASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM
1.5 The following precautionary caveat pertains only to the Standards volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on
the ASTM website.
test portion (Section 16) of this specification. This standard
Available from the National Fire ProtectionAssociation, 1 Batterymarch Park,
Quincy, MA 02169.
AvailablefromUnderwritersLaboratories,Inc.,333PfingstenRd.,Northbrook,
This specification is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee C15 on IL 60062.
Manufactured Masonry Units and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee Available from the International Conference of Building Officials, 5360 S.
C15.02 on Clay Brick and Structural Clay Tile. Workman Mill Rd., Whittier, CA 90601.
Current edition approved May 15, 2005. Published June 2005. Originally AvailablefromStandardizationDocumentsOrderDesk,Bldg.4SectionD,700
approved in 1936. Last previous edition approved in 1999 as C 126 – 99. Robbins Ave., Philadelphia, PA 19111-5094, Attn: NPODS.
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959, United States.
C 126 – 99 (2005)
NOTE 2—The purchaser or his authorized representative shall be
3.1.2 Type—When the type is not specified, the require-
accorded opportunity for sampling and inspecting units at the place of
ments for Type I shall govern.
manufacture,priortoshipment.Atleast10daysfromthetimeofsampling
3.1.3 Sizes and Shapes— The sizes and shapes shall be
should be allowed for completion of the tests. Unless otherwise specified
specified in accordance with Section 9.
in the purchase order, the cost of tests is typically borne as follows: If the
3.1.4 Color and Texture of Finish—The color and texture of
results of the tests show that the brick does not conform to the
the finish shall be specified in accordance with Section 8.
requirements of this specification, the cost is typically borne by the seller.
3.1.5 Back Surfaces— Unless otherwise specified, smooth, If the results of the tests show that the brick does conform to the
requirements of this specification, the cost is typically borne by the
scored, combed, or roughened unglazed backs and smooth
purchaser.
unselected glazed backs or a mixture thereof, are furnished.
When plaster is to be applied, the back surface shall be
7. Properties of Finish
specified in accordance with Section 12.
7.1 Imperviousness— After the imperviousness test, no
3.1.6 Coring—Unless otherwise specified, either standard
stain seen from a distance of 5 ft (1.5 m) shall remain on or
or special duty units as prescribed in Section 13 are furnished.
beneath the surface, except a slight discoloration in the
3.1.7 Opacity—Where ceramic glazed units are not speci-
depressions on matt, stippled, or mottled finishes.
fiedasopaque,theyneednotmeettherequirementsforopacity
7.2 Opacity—Where opacity of finish is desired and so
prescribed in 7.2.
specified, discoloration of the body shall not be visible through
3.1.8 Exterior Use— Where ceramic glazed units are re-
the glaze in the opacity test. Clear ceramic glazes and special
quiredforexterioruse,themanufacturersshallbeconsultedfor
decorative glazes shall not be required to meet this require-
material suitable for this purpose.
ment.
NOTE 1—The requirements included in this specification do not cover
7.2.1 Resistance to Fading—Thecoloroftheglazeshallnot
minimum criteria for durability of units exposed to exterior environments.
change in the chemical resistance test. Finishes of metallic or
special decorative glazes shall not be required to meet this
4. Description of Units
requirement.
4.1 Units are multicored, hollow, or uncored, as follows:
7.2.2 Resistance to Crazing—The glaze shall not craze,
4.1.1 Solid Masonry Unit (multicored or uncored) is a
spall, or crack when subjected to one cycle of autoclaving in
masonry unit whose net cross-sectional area in every plane
the crazing test.
parallel to the bearing surface is 75 % or more of its gross
7.2.3 Flame Spread, Fuel Contribution and Smoke
cross-sectional area measured in the same plane.
Density—Body and finish must withstand temperatures up to
4.1.2 Hollow Masonry Unit is a masonry unit whose net
1900°F (878°C) without distortion or melting and rate“ non-
cross-sectional area in any plane parallel to the bearing surface
combustible.” When tested in accordance with the provisions
is less than 75 % of its gross cross-sectional area measured in
of Test Method E84, structural facing tile shall measure 0
the same plane.
flame spread, 0 fuel contribution, and 0 smoke density. This
test method is similar to that specified in NFPA No. 255, UL
5. Compressive Strength
No. 723, and UBC No. 8-1.
5.1 The compressive strengths (based on gross area) of the
7.2.4 Toxic Fumes— Toxic fumes will not be released from
units shall be not less than the values prescribed in Table 1.
the body or glaze finish at temperatures up to 1900°F, and
6. Workmanship, Finish, andAppearance
when tested under Test MethodE84.
7.2.5 Hardness andAbrasion Resistance—Glazemustresist
6.1 The body of the units shall be free of cracks or other
scratching by ordinary glass or steel and be rated above five on
imperfections which would impair the strength or durability of
the Mohs Hardness Scale. When tested for abrasion, under
the masonry.
wear index method No. 6192 (Federal Standard Test No. 141),
6.2 Unless otherwise agreed upon between the purchaser
using a standard Taber Abraser Model CS-17 calibrase wheel
and the seller, a delivery of brick or tile shall not contain more
anda1000gweightfor1000wearcycles,theglazedfaceshall
than 3 % brick or tile that are chipped, cracked or broken.
have a wear factor not in excess of 15. Finishes of metallic or
6.3 The finished face (one face of stretcher units and the
special decorative glazes shall not be required to meet this
finished faces of shapes) that will be exposed when in place
requirement.
shall be covered with a ceramic glaze of uniform quality. The
glaze shall be free of chips, crazes, blisters, crawling, or other
8. Color and Texture
imperfections detracting from the appearance of the finished
8.1 The textures shall be mottled, stippled, or smooth as
wall when viewed from a distance of 5 ft (1.52 m) at right
specifiedandthecolorofthefinishedsurfaceshallbeindicated
angles from the wall.
by a sample consisting of not less than three stretcher units
TABLE 1 Compressive Strengths of Units
representing the range of shades.
NOTE—Special duty units are available from various manufacturers
9. Sizes and Shapes
where higher compressive strengths are required.
9.1 The face sizes of ceramic glazed units and fittings
Direction of Minimum Average of Five Individual Minimum, psi
Coring Tests, psi (MPa) (MPa) therefore shall be as specified.
Vertical 3 000 (20.7) 2 500 (17.2)
NOTE 3—The sizes shown in Table 2 are standard in the industry for
Horizontal 2 000 (13.8) 1 500 (10.3)
single-faced units (Type I). Two-faced units (Type II) are standard in the
C 126 – 99 (2005)
TABLE 2 Size of Single-Faced Units
Specified Face Dimensions
Series
Specified Thickness, in. (mm)
Designation
Height, in. (mm) Length, in. (mm)
3 3 3 3
4S 2 ⁄8 (60.3) 7 ⁄4 (196.9) 1 ⁄4 or 3 ⁄4 (44.5 or 95.3)
1 3 3 3 3 3
4D 5 ⁄16 (128.6) 7 ⁄4 (196.9) 1 ⁄4,3 ⁄4,5 ⁄4,or7 ⁄4 (44.5, 95.3, 146.1, 196.9)
3 3 3 3 3 3
6P 3 ⁄4 (95.3) 11 ⁄4 (298.5) 1 ⁄4,3 ⁄4,5 ⁄4,or7 ⁄4 (44.5, 95.3, 146.1, 196.9)
1 3 3 3 3 3
6T 5 ⁄16 (128.6) 11 ⁄4 (298.5) 1 ⁄4,3 ⁄4,5 ⁄4,or7 ⁄4 (44.5, 95.3, 146.1, 196.9)
3 3 3 3 3 3
6M 5 ⁄4 (146.1) 11 ⁄4 (298.5) 1 ⁄4,3 ⁄4,5 ⁄4,or7 ⁄4 (44.5, 95.3, 146.1, 196.9)
3 3 3 3
8W 7 ⁄4 (196.9) 15 ⁄4 (400.1) 1 ⁄4 or 3 ⁄4 (44.5 or 95.3)
3 3
industry, in 3 ⁄4-in. (95.3-mm) and 5 ⁄4-in. (146-mm) thickness only.
11.5 The horizontal width of any cell in horizontal-cell
hollow units shall not exceed 4 ⁄2 times the average over-all
10. Number of Cells
thickness of either the upper or lower bearing shell.
10.1 Requirementsfornumberofcellsapplytohollowunits
only (see 4.1.2). Cells are hollow spaces enclosed within the
12. Tolerances on Dimensions
perimeter of the exterior shells having a minimum dimension
12.1 Face Dimension Tolerances—Thetotalvariationinthe
of not less than ⁄2 in. (12.7 mm) and a cross-sectional area
finished face dimensions of units shall be not more than the
2 2
greater than 1 ⁄2 in. (9.7 cm ). Hollow units of 6-in. (152.4
amounts shown in Table 3.
mm) and 8-in. (203.2 mm) thickness shall have not less than 2
12.2 Bed-Depth Dimension Tolerances—The total variation
cells or rows of cells in the direction of wall thickness.
in the bed-depth (through the wall) dimension of units shall be
10.2 Double-shell tile shall be considered as having one
not more than the amount shown in Table 4.
additional cell in the direction of wall thickness if either:
12.3 Distortion Tolerances—The maximum permissible de-
10.2.1 The combined width of the voids between exterior
viationoftheplaneandtheedgesofthefaceofindividualunits
and interior shells on both sides of the tile is not less than ⁄2
fromaplanesurfaceandfromastraightline,respectively,shall
in. (12.7 mm) and the combined thickness of the short webs
not exceed the amount shown in Table 5.
between inner and outer shells is not greater than that of the
long transverse webs holding the inner shells, or
13. Plaster Base Finish
10.2.2 The combined thickness of the inner and outer shells
13.1 Unless otherwise specified by the purchaser, smooth,
on each side of the tile is not less than 1 in. (25.4 mm).
scored, combed or roughened-back units or a mixture thereof
10.3 The face shells of single-shell tile with multicored or
are furnished.
solid-faceshellsatleast1 ⁄2 in.(38.1mm)inthicknessonboth
13.2 When smooth, at least 90 % of the tile area shall be
sides of the tile shall be considered as one additional cell in
free of glaze and the average absorption shall be not less than
wall thickness, provided the volume of the cores in multicored
5 %, unless acceptable plaster adhesion bond test data is
shells does not exceed 35 % of the gross volume of the face
provided.
shell and the minimum distance from perimeter of core to
either side of shell is not less than ⁄8 in. (9.5 mm).
TABLE 3 Permissible Variations in Face Dimensions
11. Shell and Web Thickness
NOTE 1—Permissible variations for units having dimensions more than
11.1 Multicored Units— The minimum distance from the
⁄4 in. (6.4 mm) greater than shown in this table shall be the same as for
perimeter of core to the outer surface of the shell of multicored
the next larger dimension.
units shall be not less than ⁄4 in. (19 mm).
NOTE 2—Other sizes are available conforming to the provisions of
11.2 The thickness of connecting webs between cores of
GradeSSunits;however,thestandardfacedimensionsarepermittedtobe
multicored units, multicored shells, or supplementary cores of ⁄16 in. less than the specified face dimensions listed in Table 3 for Grade
S (or Grade SS) Units.
hollow units, shall be not less than ⁄4 in. (6.4 mm).
11.3 Hollow Units— The average overall thickness of the Maximum Difference
...
This document is not anASTM standard and is intended only to provide the user of anASTM standard an indication of what changes have been made to the previous version. Because
it may not be technically possible to adequately depict all changes accurately, ASTM recommends that users consult prior editions as appropriate. In all cases only the current version
of the standard as published by ASTM is to be considered the official document.
Designation:C126–99 Designation: C 126 – 99 (Reapproved 2005)
Standard Specification for
Ceramic Glazed Structural Clay Facing Tile, Facing Brick,
and Solid Masonry Units
This standard is issued under the fixed designation C 126; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
This standard has been approved for use by agencies of the Department of Defense.
1. Scope
1.1 Thisspecificationcoversstructuralclayload-bearingfacingtileandfacingbrickandother“solidmasonryunits”madefrom
clay, shale, fire-clay, or mixtures thereof, with or without the addition of grog or other mixtures, having a finish consisting of a
ceramic glaze fused to the body at above 1500°F (655°C) making them inseparable, excluding natural salt-glazed ware. Two
grades, based on permissible variation in face dimensions, and two types are covered, as follows:
1.1.1 Grade S (select), for use with comparatively narrow mortar joints.
1.1.2 Grade SS (select sized or ground edge), for use where variation of face dimension must be very small.
1.1.3 Type I (single-faced units) , for general use where only one finished face will be exposed.
1.1.4 Type II (two-faced units), for use where two opposite finished faces will be exposed.
1.2 The property requirements of this specification apply at the time of purchase. The use of results from testing of brick and
tile extracted from masonry structures for determining conformance or nonconformance to the property requirements (Section 5)
of this standard is beyond the scope of this specification.
1.3 Brick and tile covered by this specification are manufactured from clay, shale, or similar naturally occurring substances and
subjected to a heat treatment at elevated temperatures (firing). The heat treatment must develop sufficient fired bond between the
particulate constituents to provide the strength requirements of this specification. (See firing and fired bond in Terminology C 43.)
1.4 The text of this standard references notes and footnotes which provide explanatory material. These notes and footnotes
(excluding those in tables and figures) shall not be considered as requirements of the standard.
1.5 The following precautionary caveat pertains only to the test portion (Section 16) of this specification. This standard does
not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard
to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.
2. Referenced Documents
2.1 ASTM Standards:
C43 Terminology of Structural Clay Products
C67 Test Methods of Sampling and Testing Brick and Structural Clay Tile
E84 Test Method for Surface Burning Characteristics of Building Materials
2.2 National Fire Protection Association Standard:
NFPA No. 255 Test for Surface Burning Characteristics of Building Materials
2.3 Underwriters Laboratories, Inc. Standard:
UL No. 723 Flammability Studies of Cellular Plastics and other Building Materials used for Interior Finishes
2.4 International Conference of Building Offıcials Standard:
UBC No. 8-1 Test Method for Fire Hazard Classification of Building Material
This specification is under the jurisdiction ofASTM Committee C-15 C15 on Manufactured Masonry Units and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee C15.02 on
Clay Brick and Structural Clay Tile.
Current edition approved Oct. 10, 1999. Published December 1999. Originally published as C126 – 36. Last previous edition C126 – 96.
Current edition approved May 15, 2005. Published June 2005. Originally approved in 1936. Last previous edition approved in 1999 as C 126 – 99.
For referencedASTM standards, visit theASTM website, www.astm.org, or contactASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM Standards
, Vol 04.05.volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on the ASTM website.
Annual Book of ASTM Standards, Vol 04.07.
Available from the National Fire Protection Association, 1 Batterymarch Park, Quincy, MA 02169.
Available from the National Fire Protection Association, Batterymarch Park, Quincy, MA 02269.
Available from Underwriters Laboratories, Inc., 333 Pfingsten Rd., Northbrook, IL 60062.
Available from Underwriters Laboratories, Inc., 333 Pfingsten Rd., Northbrook, IL 60062.
Available from the International Conference of Building Officials, 5360 S. Workman Mill Rd., Whittier, CA 90601.
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959, United States.
C 126 – 99 (2005)
2.5 Government Standard:
Federal Standard Test No. 141
3. Ordering Information
3.1 Orders for material under this specification shall include the following information:
3.1.1 Grade—When the grade is not specified, the requirements for Grade S shall govern.
3.1.2 Type—When the type is not specified, the requirements for Type I shall govern.
3.1.3 Sizes and Shapes— The sizes and shapes shall be specified in accordance with Section 9.
3.1.4 Color and Texture of Finish —The color and texture of the finish shall be specified in accordance with Section 8.
3.1.5 Back Surfaces— Unless otherwise specified, smooth, scored, combed, or roughened unglazed backs and smooth
unselected glazed backs or a mixture thereof, are furnished. When plaster is to be applied, the back surface shall be specified in
accordance with Section 12.
3.1.6 Coring—Unless otherwise specified, either standard or special duty units as prescribed in Section 13 are furnished.
3.1.7 Opacity—Where ceramic glazed units are not specified as opaque, they need not meet the requirements for opacity
prescribed in 7.2.
3.1.8 Exterior Use—Whereceramicglazedunitsarerequiredforexterioruse,themanufacturersshallbeconsultedformaterial
suitable for this purpose.
NOTE 1—The requirements included in this specification do not cover minimum criteria for durability of units exposed to exterior environments.
4. Description of Units
4.1 Units are multicored, hollow, or uncored, as follows:
4.1.1 Solid Masonry Unit (multicored or uncored) is a masonry unit whose net cross-sectional area in every plane parallel to
the bearing surface is 75 % or more of its gross cross-sectional area measured in the same plane.
4.1.2 Hollow Masonry Unit is a masonry unit whose net cross-sectional area in any plane parallel to the bearing surface is less
than 75 % of its gross cross-sectional area measured in the same plane.
5. Compressive Strength
5.1 The compressive strengths (based on gross area) of the units shall be not less than the values prescribed in Table 1.
6. Workmanship, Finish, andAppearance
6.1 The body of the units shall be free of cracks or other imperfections which would impair the strength or durability of the
masonry.
6.2 Unless otherwise agreed upon between the purchaser and the seller, a delivery of brick or tile shall not contain more than
3 % brick or tile that are chipped, cracked or broken.
6.3 The finished face (one face of stretcher units and the finished faces of shapes) that will be exposed when in place shall be
covered with a ceramic glaze of uniform quality. The glaze shall be free of chips, crazes, blisters, crawling, or other imperfections
detracting from the appearance of the finished wall when viewed from a distance of 5 ft (1.52 m) at right angles from the wall.
NOTE 2—The purchaser or his authorized representative shall be accorded opportunity for sampling and inspecting units at the place of manufacture,
prior to shipment. At least 10 days from the time of sampling should be allowed for completion of the tests. Unless otherwise specified in the purchase
order,thecostoftestsistypicallyborneasfollows:Iftheresultsofthetestsshowthatthebrickdoesnotconformtotherequirementsofthisspecification,
the cost is typically borne by the seller. If the results of the tests show that the brick does conform to the requirements of this specification, the cost is
typically borne by the purchaser.
7. Properties of Finish
7.1 Imperviousness— After the imperviousness test, no stain seen from a distance of 5 ft (1.5 m) shall remain on or beneath
the surface, except a slight discoloration in the depressions on matt, stippled, or mottled finishes.
Available from the International Conference of Building Officials, 5360 S. Workman Mill Rd., Whittier, CA 90601.
Available from Standardization Documents Order Desk, Bldg. 4 Section D, 700 Robbins Ave., Philadelphia, PA 19111-5094, Attn: NPODS.
TABLE 1 Compressive Strengths of Units
NOTE—Special duty units are available from various manufacturers
where higher compressive strengths are required.
Direction of Minimum Average of Five Individual Minimum, psi
Coring Tests, psi (MPa) (MPa)
Vertical 3 000 (20.7) 2 500 (17.2)
Horizontal 2 000 (13.8) 1 500 (10.3)
C 126 – 99 (2005)
7.2 Opacity—Whereopacityoffinishisdesiredandsospecified,discolorationofthebodyshallnotbevisiblethroughtheglaze
in the opacity test. Clear ceramic glazes and special decorative glazes shall not be required to meet this requirement.
7.2.1 Resistance to Fading—The color of the glaze shall not change in the chemical resistance test. Finishes of metallic or
special decorative glazes shall not be required to meet this requirement.
7.2.2 Resistance to Crazing—Theglazeshallnotcraze,spall,orcrackwhensubjectedtoonecycleofautoclavinginthecrazing
test.
7.2.3 Flame Spread, Fuel Contribution and Smoke Density—Body and finish must withstand temperatures up to 1900°F
(878°C) without distortion or melting and rate“ noncombustible.” When tested in accordance with the provisions of Test Method
E 84, structural facing tile shall measure 0 flame spread, 0 fuel contribution, and 0 smoke density. This test method is similar to
that specified in NFPA No. 255, UL No. 723, and UBC No. 8-1.
7.2.4 Toxic Fumes— Toxic fumes will not be released from the body or glaze finish at temperatures up to 1900°F, and when
tested under Test Method E 84.
7.2.5 Hardness and Abrasion Resistance —Glaze must resist scratching by ordinary glass or steel and be rated above five on
the Mohs Hardness Scale. When tested for abrasion, under wear index method No. 6192 (Federal Standard Test No. 141), using
a standard Taber Abraser Model CS-17 calibrase wheel and a 1000 g weight for 1000 wear cycles, the glazed face shall have a
wear factor not in excess of 15. Finishes of metallic or special decorative glazes shall not be required to meet this requirement.
8. Color and Texture
8.1 The textures shall be mottled, stippled, or smooth as specified and the color of the finished surface shall be indicated by a
sample consisting of not less than three stretcher units representing the range of shades.
9. Sizes and Shapes
9.1 The face sizes of ceramic glazed units and fittings therefore shall be as specified.
NOTE 3—The sizes shown inTable 2 are standard in the industry for single-faced units (Type I).Two-faced units (Type II) are standard in the industry,
3 3
in 3 ⁄4-in. (95.3-mm) and 5 ⁄4-in. (146-mm) thickness only.
10. Number of Cells
10.1 Requirements for number of cells apply to hollow units only (see 4.1.2). Cells are hollow spaces enclosed within the
perimeter of the exterior shells having a minimum dimension of not less than ⁄2 in. (12.7 mm) and a cross-sectional area greater
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than 1 ⁄2 in. (9.7 cm ). Hollow units of 6-in. (152.4 mm) and 8-in. (203.2 mm) thickness shall have not less than 2 cells or rows
of cells in the direction of wall thickness.
10.2 Double-shell tile shall be considered as having one additional cell in the direction of wall thickness if either:
10.2.1 Thecombinedwidthofthevoidsbetweenexteriorandinteriorshellsonbothsidesofthetileisnotlessthan ⁄2 in.(12.7
mm) and the combined thickness of the short webs between inner and outer shells is not greater than that of the long transverse
webs holding the inner shells, or
10.2.2 The combined thickness of the inner and outer shells on each side of the tile is not less than 1 in. (25.4 mm).
10.3 The face shells of single-shell tile with multicored or solid-face shells at least 1 ⁄2 in. (38.1 mm) in thickness on both sides
of the tile shall be considered as one additional cell in wall thickness, provided the volume of the cores in multicored shells does
not exceed 35 % of the gross volume of the face shell and the minimum distance from perimeter of core to either side of shell is
not less than ⁄8 in. (9.5 mm).
11. Shell and Web Thickness
11.1 Multicored Units— The minimum distance from the perimeter of core to the outer surface of the shell of multicored units
shall be not less than ⁄4 in. (19 mm).
11.2 The thickness of connecting webs between cores of multicored units, multicored shells, or supplementary cores of hollow
units, shall be not less than ⁄4 in. (6.4 mm).
11.3 Hollow Units— The average overall thickness of the shells, measured between the inner and extreme outer surfaces of
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vertical-cell hollow units, shall be not less than ⁄4 in. (19 mm). The thickness of the webs shall be not less than ⁄2 in. (12.7
mm).
TABLE 2 Size of Single-Faced Units
Specified Face Dimensions
Series
Specified Thickness, in. (mm)
Designation
Height, in. (mm) Length, in. (mm)
3 3 3 3
4S 2 ⁄8 (60.3) 7 ⁄4 (196.9) 1 ⁄4 or 3 ⁄4 (44.5 or 95.3)
1 3 3 3 3 3
4D 5 ⁄16 (128.6) 7 ⁄4 (196.9) 1 ⁄4,3 ⁄4,5 ⁄4,or7 ⁄4 (44.5, 95.3, 146.1, 196.9)
3 3 3 3 3 3
6P 3 ⁄4 (95.3) 11 ⁄4 (298.5) 1 ⁄4,3 ⁄4,5 ⁄4,or7 ⁄4 (44.5, 95.3, 146.1, 196.9)
1 3 3 3 3 3
6T 5 ⁄16 (128.6) 11 ⁄4 (298.5) 1 ⁄4,3 ⁄4,5 ⁄4,or7 ⁄4 (44.5, 95.3, 146.1, 196.9)
3 3 3 3 3 3
6M 5 ⁄4 (146.1) 11 ⁄4 (298.5) 1 ⁄4,3 ⁄4,5 ⁄4,or7 ⁄4 (44.5, 95.3, 146.1, 196.9)
3 3 3 3
8W 7 ⁄4 (196.9) 15 ⁄4 (400.1) 1 ⁄4 or 3 ⁄4 (44.5 or 95.3)
C 126 – 99 (2005)
11.4 The average over-all thickness of the side (face) shells, measured between the inner and extreme outer surfaces of
horizontal-cell hollow units, shall be not less than ⁄4 in. (19 mm). The net thickness of the top and bottom shells shall be not less
than ⁄2 in. (12.7 mm); that is, when the top and bottom shells are scored, the over-all thickness of the top and bottom shells shall
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be not less than ⁄2 in. plus the depth of the grooves. The thickness of the webs shall b
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