ASTM D150-98

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An American National Standard
Designation: D 150 – 98
Standard Test Methods for
AC Loss Characteristics and Permittivity (Dielectric
1
Constant) of Solid Electrical Insulation
This standard is issued under the fixed designation D 150; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (e) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
This standard has been approved for use by agencies of the Department of Defense.
1. Scope Constant) and Dissipation Factor by Fluid Displacement
6
Procedures
1.1 These test methods cover the determination of relative
4
D 1711 Terminology Relating to Electrical Insulation
permittivity, dissipation factor, loss index, power factor, phase
D 5032 Practice for Maintaining Constant Relative Humid-
angle, and loss angle of specimens of solid electrical insulating
6
ity by Means of Aqueous Glycerin Solutions
materials when the standards used are lumped impedances. The
E 104 Practice for Maintaining Constant Relative Humidity
frequency range that can be covered extends from less than 1
7
by Means of Aqueous Solutions
Hz to several hundred megahertz.
E 197 Specifications for Enclosures and Servicing Units for
NOTE 1—In common usage, the word relative is frequently dropped. 8
Tests Above and Below Room Temperature.
1.2 These test methods provide general information on a
3. Terminology
variety of electrodes, apparatus, and measurement techniques.
The reader should also consult ASTM standards or other 3.1 Definitions:
,
2 3
3.1.1 capacitance, C, n—that property of a system of
documents directly applicable to the material to be tested.
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the conductors and dielectrics which permits the storage of elec-
trically separated charges when potential differences exist
safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the
responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro- between the conductors.
3.1.1.1 Discussion—Capacitance is the ratio of a quantity,
priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-
bility of regulatory limitations prior to use. For specific hazard q, of electricity to a potential difference, V. A capacitance value
is always positive. The units are farads when the charge is
statements, see 7.2.6.1 and 10.2.1.
expressed in coulombs and the potential in volts:
2. Referenced Documents
C 5 q/V (1)
2.1 ASTM Standards:
3.1.2 dissipation factor, (D), (loss tangent), (tan d), n—the
D 374 Test Methods for Thickness of Solid Electrical Insu-
ratio of the loss index (k9) to the relative permittivity (k8)
4
lation
which is equal to the tangent of its loss angle (d)orthe
5
D 618 Practice for Conditioning Plastics for Testing
cotangent of its phase angle (u) (see Fig. 1 and Fig. 2).
D 1082 Test Method for Dissipation Factor and Permittivity
4
D5k9/k8 (2)
(Dielectric Constant) of Mica
D 1531 Test Method for Relative Permittivity (Dielectric
3.1.2.1 Discussion— a:
D 5 tand5 cotu5 X /R 5 G/vC 5 1/vC R (3)
p p p p p
where:
1
These test methods are under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D-9 on
G = equivalent ac conductance,
Electrical and Electronic Insulating Materials and are the direct responsibility of
Subcommittee D09.12 on Electrical Tests. X = parallel reactance,
p
Current edition approved Feb. 10, 1998. Published March 1999. Originally
R = equivalent ac parallel resistance,
p
published as D 150 – 22 T. Last previous edition D 150 – 95.
C = parallel capacitance, and
p
2
R. Bartnikas, Chapter 2, “Alternating-Current Loss and Permittivity Measure-
v =2pf (sinusoidal wave shape assumed).
ments”, Engineering Dielectrics, Vol. IIB, Electrical Properties of Solid Insulating
The reciprocal of the dissipation factor is the quality factor,
Materials, Measurement Techniques, R. Bartnikas, Editor, STP 926, ASTM,
Philadelphia, 1987.
Q, sometimes called the storage factor. The dissipation factor,
3
R. Bartnikas, Chapter 1, “Dielectric Loss in Solids”, Engineering Dielectrics,
Vol IIA, Electrical Properties of Solid Insulating Materials: Molecular Structure and
Electrical Behavior, R. Bartnikas and R. M. Eichorn, Editors, STP 783, ASTM
6
Philadelphia, 1983. Annual Book of ASTM Standards, Vol 10.02.
4 7
Annual Book of ASTM Standards, Vol 10.01. Annual Book of ASTM Standards, Vol 11.03.
5 8
Annual Book of ASTM Standards, Vol 08.01. Discontinued, see 1980 Annual Book of ASTM Standards, Parts 40 and 41.
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959, United States.
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D150–98
FIG. 4 Series Circuit
FIG. 1 Vector Diagram for Parallel Circuit
k95k8 D
2
5 power loss/
...