ASTM D4740-02

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An American National Standard
Designation: D 4740 – 02
Standard Test Method for
Cleanliness and Compatibility of Residual Fuels by Spot
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Test
This standard is issued under the fixed designation D 4740; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (e) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope 4. Summary of Test Method
1.1 This test method describes separate procedures for 4.1 Cleanliness Procedure—A drop of the preheated and
determining the cleanliness of residual fuel oil and the com- thoroughly mixed sample is put on a test paper and placed in
patibility of a residual fuel oil with a blend stock. It is an oven at 100°C. After 1 h, the test paper is removed from the
applicable to residual fuel oils with viscosities up to 50 cSt (1 oven and the resultant spot is examined for evidence of
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cSt = 1 mm s) at 100°C. suspended solids and rated for cleanliness using the D 4740
1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as the Adjunct Reference Spots.
standard. The inch-pound units given in parentheses are for 4.2 Compatibility Procedure—A blend composed of equal
information only. volumes of the sample fuel oil and the blend stock is tested in
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the the same way as described in 4.1 and rated for compatibility
safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the against D 4740 Adjunct Reference Spots.
responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-
5. Significance and Use
priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-
bility of regulatory limitations prior to use. 5.1 The two procedures in this test method are used alone or
in combination to identify fuels or blends that could result in
2. Referenced Documents
excessive centrifuge loading, strainer plugging, tank sludge
2.1 ASTM Standards: formation, or similar operating problems.
D 4057 Practice for Manual Sampling of Petroleum and 5.2 A spot rating of Number 3 or higher on a finished fuel
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Petroleum Products oil by the cleanliness procedure indicates that the fuel contains
D 4177 Practice for Automatic Sampling of Petroleum and excessive suspended solids and is likely to cause operating
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Petroleum Products problems.
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E 1 Specification for ASTM Thermometers 5.3 Although a fuel may test clean when subjected to the
2.2 ASTM Adjuncts: cleanliness procedure, suspended solids may precipitate when
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Reference Spot Sheet (D 4740) the fuel is mixed with a blend stock. Evidence of such
incompatibility is indicated by a spot rating of Number 3 or
3. Terminology
higher in the compatibility procedure.
3.1 Descriptions of Terms Specific to This Standard:
6. Apparatus
3.1.1 blend stock, n—a finished residual fuel oil or fuel oil
component, including petroleum streams ranging from kero- 6.1 Test Paper—Chromatographic paper cut or divided into
sine to residuals and asphalt. appropriately sized squares, strips, or circles. Store the paper,
3.1.2 cleanliness, n—of residual fuel, the absence of sus- without folding, rolling, or bending, in a tightly closed con-
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pended solids in a finished sample. tainer.
3.1.3 compatibility, n—of residual fuel, the absence of 6.2 Test Paper Support—Fig. 1 shows a suitable support for
suspended solids when equal volumes of a sample and a blend multiple samples spotted on the same test paper which shall be
stock are mixed together. supported in a horizontal position so nothing touches test areas
of the paper.
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This test method is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D02 on
Petroleum Products and Lubricants and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee
D02.14 on Stability and Cleanliness of Liquid Fuels.
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Current edition approved June 10, 2002. Published August 2002. Originally The sole source of supply of Whatman paper No. 2 known to the committee at
published as D 4740–92. Last previous edition D 4740–95. this time is Whatman, Inc., 9 Bridewell Place, Clifton, NJ 07014. If you are aware
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Annual Book of ASTM Standards, Vol 05.02. of alternative suppliers, please provide this information to ASTM International
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Annual Book of ASTM Standards, Vol 14.03. Headquarters. Your comments will receive careful consideration at a meeting of the
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Available from ASTM Headquarters. Order Adjunct No. ADJD4740. responsible technical committee , which you may attend.
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D4740–02
first drop to fall back into the conical flask. Allow the second
drop to fall onto the test paper which is supported horizontally
in the ov
...