ASTM D2171-01

NOTICE: This standard has either been superseded and replaced by a new version or withdrawn.
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Designation: D 2171 – 01
Designation: 222/84 (89)
Standard Test Method for
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Viscosity of Asphalts by Vacuum Capillary Viscometer
This standard is issued under the fixed designation D 2171; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (e) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
This standard has been approved for use by agencies of the Department of Defense.
This test method has been approved by the sponsoring committees and accepted by the cooperating societies in accordance with
established procedures.
1. Scope 3. Terminology
1.1 This test method covers procedures for the determina- 3.1 Definitions:
tion of viscosity of asphalt (bitumen) by vacuum capillary 3.1.1 Newtonian liquid—a liquid in which the rate of shear
viscometers at 60°C (140°F). It is applicable to materials is proportional to the shearing stress. The constant ratio of the
having viscosities in the range from 0.0036 to over 20 000 Pa shearing stress to the rate of shear is the viscosity of the liquid.
· s (0.036 to over 200 000 P). If the ratio is not constant, the liquid is non-Newtonian.
3.1.2 viscosity—the ratio between the applied shear stress
NOTE 1—This test method is suitable for use at other temperatures, but
and rate of shear is called the coefficient of viscosity. This
the precision is based on determinations on asphalt cements at 60°C
coefficient is thus a measure of the resistance to flow of the
(140°F).
liquid. It is commonly called the viscosity of the liquid. The SI
1.2 This standard does not purport to address all of the
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unit of viscosity is 1 Pa·s(1 N·s/m ) and is called a
safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the
Pascal-second. The cgs unit of viscosity is 1 g/cm·s (1
responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-
2
dyne·s/cm ) and is called a poise (P). 1 Pa·sis equivalent to
priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-
10 P.
bility of regulatory limitations prior to use.
4. Summary of Test Method
2. Referenced Documents
4.1 The time is measured for a fixed volume of the liquid to
2.1 ASTM Standards:
be drawn up through a capillary tube by means of vacuum,
2
E1 Specification for ASTM Thermometers
under closely controlled conditions of vacuum and tempera-
E11 Specification for Wire-Cloth and Sieves for Testing
ture. The viscosity in Pascal-seconds is calculated by multi-
3
Purposes
plying the flow time in seconds by the viscometer calibration
E77 Test Method for Inspection and Verification of Ther-
factor.
2
mometers
NOTE 2—The rate of shear decreases as the liquid moves up the tube,
or it can also be varied by the use of different vacuum or different size
1 viscometer. Thus, this method is suitable for the measurement of viscosi-
This test method is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D04 on Road
ties of Newtonian (simple) and non-Newtonian (complex) liquids.
and Paving Materials and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee D04.44 on
Rheological Tests. In the IP this test method is under the jurisdiction of the
5. Significance and Use
Standardization Committee.
Current edition approved Aug. 10, 2001. Published October 2001. Originally
5.1 The viscosity at 60°C (140°F) characterizes flow behav-
published as D 2171 – 63 T. Last previous edition D 2171 – 94.
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iorandmaybeusedforspecificationrequirementsforcutbacks
Annual Book of ASTM Standards, Vol 14.03.
3
Annual Book of ASTM Standards, Vol 14.02. and asphalt cements.
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959, United States.
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D2171–01
6. Apparatus
6.1 Viscometers, capillary-type, made of borosilicate glass,
annealed, suitable for this test are as follows:
6.1.1 Cannon-Manning Vacuum Viscometer (CMVV), as
described in Appendix X1.
6.1.2 Asphalt Institute Vacuum Viscometer (AIVV), as de-
scribed in Appendix X2.
6.1.3 Modified Koppers Vacuum Viscometer (MKVV), as
described in Appendix X3. Calibrated viscometers are avail-
able from commercial suppliers. Details regarding calibration
of viscometers are given in Appendix X4.
NOTE 3—The viscosity measured in a CMVV may be from 1 to 5 %
lower than either the AIVV or MKVV having the same viscosity range.
This difference, when encountered, may be the result of non-Newtonian
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flow.
6.2 Thermometers— Calibrated liquid-in-glass thermom-
eters(seeTableX5.1)ofanaccuracyaftercorrectionof0.02°C
(0.04°F)canbeusedoranyotherthermometricdeviceofequal
accuracy.ASTM Kinematic Viscosity Thermometers 47°C and
47°F are suitable for the most commonly used temperature of
60°C (140°F).
6.2.1 The specified thermometer
...