ASTM D1777-96(2015)

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Designation: D1777 − 96 (Reapproved 2011) D1777 − 96 (Reapproved 2015)
Standard Test Method for
Thickness of Textile Materials
This standard is issued under the fixed designation D1777; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
ε NOTE—Terminology was removed in order to comply with the D13 Terminology Policy.
1. Scope
1.1 This test method covers the measurement of the thickness of most textile materials.
1.2 This test method applies to most fabrics including woven fabrics, air bag fabrics, blankets, napped fabrics, knitted fabrics,
layered fabrics, and pile fabrics. The fabrics may be untreated, heavily sized, coated, resin-treated, or otherwise treated.
Instructions are provided for testing thickness, except as provided for in another standard such as listed in Section 2.
1.3 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as the standard. The values stated in inch-pound may be approximate.
1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility
of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory
limitations prior to use.
2. Referenced Documents
2.1 ASTM Standards:
D123 Terminology Relating to Textiles
D1776 Practice for Conditioning and Testing Textiles
D2904 Practice for Interlaboratory Testing of a Textile Test Method that Produces Normally Distributed Data (Withdrawn 2008)
D2906 Practice for Statements on Precision and Bias for Textiles (Withdrawn 2008)
2.2 ASTM Adjuncts:
TEX-PAC
3. Terminology
3.1 Definitions—For definitions of textile terms used in this test method, see Terminology D123.
3.1.1 The following terms are relevant to this standard: cross-machine direction, machine direction, pressure, and thickness.
4. Summary of Test Method
4.1 A specimen is placed on the base of a thickness gauge and a weighted presser foot lowered. The displacement between the
base and the presser foot is measured as the thickness of the specimen.
5. Significance and Use
5.1 This test method is considered satisfactory for acceptance testing of commercial shipments since current estimates of
between-laboratory precision are acceptable, and this test method is used extensively in the trade for acceptance testing.
5.1.1 In case of a dispute arising from differences in reported test results when using this test method for acceptance testing of
commercial shipments, the purchaser and the supplier should conduct comparative tests to determine if there is a statistical bias
between their laboratories. Competent statistical assistance is recommended for the investigation of bias. As a minimum, the two
parties should take a group of test specimens that are as homogeneous as possible and that are from a lot of material of the type
This test method is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D13 on Textiles and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee D13.59 on Fabric Test Methods, General.
Current edition approved May 1, 2011July 1, 2015. Published January 2007September 2015. Originally approved in 1960. Discontinued in November 1995 and reinstated
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as D1777 – 96.Last previous edition approved in 20072011 as D1777 – 96(2007).(2011) . DOI: 10.1520/D1777-96R11E01.10.1520/D1777-96R15.
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volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on the ASTM website.
The last approved version of this historical standard is referenced on www.astm.org.
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D1777 − 96 (2015)
in question. Test specimens then should be randomly assigned in equal numbers to each laboratory for testing. The average results
from the two laboratories should be compared using the appropriate statistical analysis and an acceptable probability level chosen
by the two parties before testing is begun. If a bias is found, either its cause must be found and corrected, or the purchaser and
the supplier must agree to interpret future test results with consideration to the known bias.
5.2 Thickness is one of the basic physical properties of textile materials. In certain industrial applications, the thickness may
require rigid control within specified limits. Bulk and warmth properties of textile materials are often estimated from their thickness
values, and thickness is also useful in measuring some performance characteristics, such as before and after abrasion and shrinkage.
5.3 The thickness value of most textile materials will vary considerably depending on the pressure applied to the specimen at
the time the thickness measurement is taken. In all cases, the apparent thickness varies inversely with the pressure applied. For
this reason, it is essential that the pressure be specified when discussing or listing any thickness value.
5.4 When using this test method for measuring the thickness of textile materials, the primary method for the specific material
such as listed in the Referenced Document section shall take precedence over the directions described in this test method, unless
specifically provided for in that test method. This test method is used in its entirety when no test method for measuring thickness
is available for the specific material to be tested or unless otherwise specified in a material specification or contract order.
6. Apparatus
6.1 Thickness Gauge, having dimensions appropriate to the material to be tested as specified in Table 1, unless otherwise
specified in a material specification or contract order. A circular presser foot commonly is used for most materials; however, for
certain materials, such as narrow tapes, a rectangular foot is more appropriate when agreed upon between the purchaser and the
supplier.
6.1.1 Automatic Microprocessor Data Gathering Systems, optional.
6.1.2 Spring Force or Compression Test Apparatus, may be substituted for the dead-weight-type thickness gauge providing they
meet the specified conditions cited in Table 1.
6.2 Cutting Dies or Templates, to cut specimens having minimum dimensions at least 20 % greater than any dimension of the
presser foot to be used in measuring the thickness (optional).
7. Sampling and Test Specimens
7.1 Lot Sample—As a lot sample for acceptance testing, randomly select the number of rolls or pieces of fabric directed in an
applicable material specification or other agreement between the purchaser and the supplier. Consider the rolls or pieces of fabric
to be the primary sampling units. In the absence of such an agreement, take the number of fabric rolls specifed in Table 2.
NOTE 1—An adequate specification or other agreement between the purchaser and the supplier requires taking into account the variability between rolls
or pieces of fabric and between specimens from a swatch from a roll or piece of fabric to provide a sampling plan with a meaningful producer’s risk,
consumer’s risk, acceptable quality level, and limiting quality level.
7.2 Laboratory Sample—For acceptance testing, take a swatch extending the width of the fabric and approximately 1 m (1 yd)
along the machine direction from each roll or piece in the lot sample. For rolls of fabric, take a sample that will exclude fabric
TABLE 1 Designated Gauges and Gauge Specifications for Measuring Thickness of Textiles
Testing Material Gauge Presser Foot Anvil/Foot Foot to Anvil
Anvil Applied Pressure Readability
A B
Option Type Type Diameter Parallelism Surface Parallelism
1 Woven fabrics dead-weight 28.7 ± 0.02 mm 38 mm D, or greater 0.01 mm 0.002 mm 4.14 ± 0.21 kPa 0.02 mm
Knitted fabrics (1.129 ± 0.001 in.) (1.629 in. D, or greater) (0.0005 in.) (0.0001 in.) (0.60 ± 0.03 psi) (0.001 in.)
Textured fabrics
2 Coated fabrics dead-weight 9.5 ± 0.02 mm 38 mm D, or greater 0.01 mm 0.002 mm 23.4 ± 0.7 kPa 0.02 mm
Narrow fabrics (0.375 ± 0.001 in.) (1.629 in. D, or greater) (0.0005 in.) (0.0001 in.) (3.4± 0.1 psi) (0.001 in.)
Webbings
Tapes
Ribbons
Braids
3 Films dead-weight 6.3 ± 0.02 mm 19 mm D, or greater 0.002 mm 0.002 mm 172 ± 14 kPa 0.002 mm
Glass cloths (0.250 ± 0.001 in.) (0.750 in. D, or greater) (0.0001 in.) (0.0001 in.) (25 ± 2 psi) (0.0001 in.)
Glass tapes
4 Glass fiber mat dead-weight (2.25 ± 0.001 in.) (2.75 in. D, or greater) 0.01 mm 0.002 mm 18.9 ± 0.7 kPa 0.02 mm
(0.0005 in.) (0.0001 in.) (2.75 ± 0.1 psi) (0.001 in.)
5 Blankets dead-weight 28.7 ± 0.02 mm 38 mm D, or greater 0.01 mm 0.002 mm 0.7 ± 0.07 kPa 0.02 mm
Pile fabrics (1.129 ± 0.001 in.) (1.629 in. D, or greater) (0.0005 in.) (0.0001 in.) (0.1 ± 0.01 psi) (0.001 in.)
Napped fabrics also 7.58 ± 0.21
kPa (1.1 ± 0.03 psi)
A
When testing fabrics made with textured yarns or open-end spun yarns, primary consideration should be given to the pressure applied in Option 1, with respect to the
size of the presser foot used.
B
Other spring force or compression test apparatus that meet the stated specifications can be used.
D1777 − 96 (2015)
TABLE 2 Number of Rolls or Pieces of Fabric in the Lot Sample
Number of Rolls or Pieces Number of Rolls or Pieces in Lot Sample
in Lot, Inclusive
1 to 3 all
4 to 24 4
25 to 50 5
over 50 10 % to a maximum of 10 rolls or pieces
from the outer wrap of the roll or the inner wrap around the core of the roll of fabric. For finished garments, take a piece of
sufficient size to provide the number of specimens required in 7.3.
7.3 Test Specimens—From each laboratory sampling unit, take ten specimens. Use the cutting die or template described in 6.2.
It is permissible to make thickness tests of a textile material without cutting, providing it can be maintained without distortion in
a plane parallel to the presser foot and anvil while making measurements.
7.3.1 Cutting Test Specimens—When cutting specimens, cut having minimum dimensions at least 20 % greater than any
dimension of the presser foot to be used. Label to maintain specimen identity.
7.3.1.1 Take specimens, representing a broad distri
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