ASTM D4226-09
(Test Method)Standard Test Methods for Impact Resistance of Rigid Poly(Vinyl Chloride) (PVC) Building Products
Standard Test Methods for Impact Resistance of Rigid Poly(Vinyl Chloride) (PVC) Building Products
SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
The impact strength values obtained on the flat sections of a building product profile are relevant only to the flat section that has been tested and these values do not necessarily indicate the impact resistance of the whole product, which is affected by the configuration of the profile (that is, corners, ribs, etc).
Constant weight and variable height, employed in these test methods, allow the velocity of impact to vary and, therefore, by Procedure B, can determine the energy of ductile-to-brittle transition, which cannot be determined if a variable weight is dropped from a constant height.
These test procedures have been found to be useful elements in rigid poly(vinyl chloride) (PVC) building product characterization. Compound qualification, finished product quality control, environmental and weatherability research and development studies, and fabrication tolerance prediction constitute useful applications.
Choice of the specific impactor head configuration used is related to a variety of product attributes, such as specimen thickness and product toughness as well as abstract factors, such as the anticipated mode of failure in a specific application. The geometric uniqueness of the impactor head configurations prevents any comparison or correlation of testing results on samples tested with differing impactor head configurations. In general, the conical impactor, C.125, is useful to ensure failure of thicker specimens where the H.25 impactor caused no failure.
Note 2—Equivalent surface conditions are more likely to occur when specimens are prepared by compression molding or extrusion than by injection molding.
When comparing different samples tested with the same impactor head configuration, impact resistance shall be permitted to be normalized for average specimen thickness over a reasonably broad range (for example, 1 to 3 mm). However, this should only be done when the surface conditions listed in 6.1 are essentially equivalent.
FIG. 2 Impact ...
SCOPE
1.1 These test methods cover the determination of the energy required to crack or break rigid poly(vinyl chloride) (PVC) plastic sheeting and profile flat sections used in building products, as well as extruded or molded test samples, under specified conditions of impact from a freefalling standard weight striking an impactor with either of two configurations in contact with the specimen.
1.2 Two test procedures are included:
1.2.1 Procedure A, used to determine minimum impact energy required to cause failure (hole, crack, split, shatter, or tear).
1.2.2 Procedure B, used to determine minimum impact energy required to cause brittle failure.
1.3 The values in inch-pound units are to be regarded as the standard.
Note 1—There is no similar or equivalent ISO standard.
1.4 The text of this standard references notes and footnotes which provide explanatory material. These notes and footnotes (excluding, those in tables in figures) shall not be considered as requirements of this standard.
1.5 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use. Specific precautionary statements are given in Section 8.
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AnAmerican National Standard
Designation: D4226 – 09
Standard Test Methods for
Impact Resistance of Rigid Poly(Vinyl Chloride) (PVC)
1
Building Products
This standard is issued under the fixed designation D4226; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope* D374 Test Methods for Thickness of Solid Electrical Insu-
lation
1.1 These test methods cover the determination of the
D618 Practice for Conditioning Plastics for Testing
energy required to crack or break rigid poly(vinyl chloride)
D883 Terminology Relating to Plastics
(PVC) plastic sheeting and profile flat sections used in building
D3679 Specification for Rigid Poly(Vinyl Chloride) (PVC)
products, as well as extruded or molded test samples, under
Siding
specified conditions of impact from a freefalling standard
E178 Practice for Dealing With Outlying Observations
weightstrikinganimpactorwitheitheroftwoconfigurationsin
contact with the specimen.
3. Terminology
1.2 Two test procedures are included:
3.1 Definitions— Definitions are in accordance with Termi-
1.2.1 Procedure A, used to determine minimum impact
nology D883, unless otherwise indicated.
energy required to cause failure (hole, crack, split, shatter, or
3.2 Definitions of Terms Specific to This Standard:
tear).
3.2.1 failure (of test specimen)—signifiedbythepresenceof
1.2.2 Procedure B, used to determine minimum impact
a punched hole, crack, split, shatter, or tear that was created in
energy required to cause brittle failure.
the target area by the impact of the falling weight and is clearly
1.3 The values in inch-pound units are to be regarded as the
visible to the naked eye when the sample is held up to the light
standard.
(see Fig. 1).
NOTE 1—There is no similar or equivalent ISO standard.
3.2.2 brittle failure—a punched hole, split, or shatter where
a piece of the specimen separates from the main part of the
1.4 The text of this standard references notes and footnotes
which provide explanatory material. These notes and footnotes specimen or a crack that has a 0° angle at the tip as measured
(excluding,thoseintablesinfigures)shallnotbeconsideredas by the naked eye (see Fig. 1).
3.2.3 mean failure height (Procedure A)—the height from
requirements of this standard.
1.5 This standard does not purport to address all of the which the falling weight will cause 50 % of the specimens to
fail.
safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the
responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro- 3.2.4 mean failure energy (mean impact resistance), ( Pro-
cedure A)—energy required to produce 50 % failures; the
priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-
bility of regulatory limitations prior to use. Specific precau- product of the weight and mean failure height.
3.2.5 normalized mean failure energy (normalized mean
tionary statements are given in Section 8.
impact resistance)—the mean failure energy per unit (average)
2. Referenced Documents
specimen thickness (Procedure A).
2
2.1 ASTM Standards: 3.2.6 mean brittle failure height—the height from which the
falling weight will cause 50 % brittle failures in specimens
(Procedure B).
1
These test methods are under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D20 on 3.2.7 mean brittle failure energy (mean energy of ductile-
Plastics and are the direct responsibility of Subcommittee D20.24 on Plastic
to-brittle transition), (Procedure B)—energy required to pro-
Building Products.
duce 50 % brittle failures; the product of the weight and mean
Current edition approved Nov. 1, 2009. Published December 2009. Originally
brittle failure height.
approved in 1983. Last previous edition approved in 2000 as D4226 - 05. DOI:
10.1520/D4226-09.
3.2.8 normalized mean brittle failure energy (normalized
2
For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or
mean energy of ductile-to-brittle transition), (Procedure B)—
contact ASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM
the mean brittle failure energy per unit (average) specimen
Standards volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on
the ASTM website. thickness.
*A Summary of Changes section appears at the end of this standard.
Copyright ©ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA19428-2959, United States.
1
---------------------- Page: 1 ----------------------
D4226 – 09
FIG. 1 Types of Failures of the Specimen
3.2.9 outlier—an observation that appears to deviate mark- or Up-and-Down Method. Testing is concentrated near the
edly from other members of the sample in which it occurs. mean,
...
This document is not anASTM standard and is intended only to provide the user of anASTM standard an indication of what changes have been made to the previous version. Because
it may not be technically possible to adequately depict all changes accurately, ASTM recommends that users consult prior editions as appropriate. In all cases only the current version
of the standard as published by ASTM is to be considered the official document.
AnAmerican National Standard
Designation:D4226–05 Designation: D4226 – 09
Standard Test Methods for
Impact Resistance of Rigid Poly(Vinyl Chloride) (PVC)
1
Building Products
This standard is issued under the fixed designation D4226; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope*
1.1 These test methods cover the determination of the energy required to crack or break rigid poly(vinyl chloride) (PVC) plastic
sheeting and profile flat sections used in building products, as well as extruded or molded test samples, under specified conditions
of impact from a freefalling standard weight striking an impactor with either of two configurations in contact with the specimen.
1.2 Two test procedures are included:
1.2.1 Procedure A, used to determine minimum impact energy required to cause failure (hole, crack, split, shatter, or tear).
1.2.2 Procedure B, used to determine minimum impact energy required to cause brittle failure.
1.3 The values in inch-pound units are to be regarded as the standard.
NOTE 1—There is no similar or equivalent ISO standard.
1.4 The text of this standard references notes and footnotes which provide explanatory material. These notes and footnotes
(excluding, those in tables in figures) shall not be considered as requirements of this standard.
1.5 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility
of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory
limitations prior to use. Specific precautionary statements are given in Section 8.
2. Referenced Documents
2
2.1 ASTM Standards:
D374 Test Methods for Thickness of Solid Electrical Insulation
D618 Practice for Conditioning Plastics for Testing
D883 Terminology Relating to Plastics
D3679 Specification for Rigid Poly(Vinyl Chloride) (PVC) Siding
E178 Practice for Dealing With Outlying Observations
3. Terminology
3.1 Definitions— Definitions are in accordance with Terminology D883, unless otherwise indicated.
3.2 Definitions of Terms Specific to This Standard:
3.2.1 failure (of test specimen)—signified by the presence of a punched hole, crack, split, shatter, or tear that was created in the
target area by the impact of the falling weight and is clearly visible to the naked eye when the sample is held up to the light (see
Fig. 1).
3.2.2 brittle failure—a punched hole, split, or shatter where a piece of the specimen separates from the main part of the
specimen or a crack that has a 0° angle at the tip as measured by the naked eye (see Fig. 1).
3.2.3 mean failure height (Procedure A)—the height from which the falling weight will cause 50 % of the specimens to fail.
3.2.4 mean failure energy (mean impact resistance), ( ProcedureA)—energy required to produce 50 % failures; the product of
the weight and mean failure height.
3.2.5 normalized mean failure energy (normalized mean impact resistance) —the mean failure energy per unit (average)
specimen thickness (Procedure A).
3.2.6 mean brittle failure height—the height from which the falling weight will cause 50 % brittle failures in specimens
(Procedure B).
1
ThesetestmethodsareunderthejurisdictionofASTMCommitteeD20onPlasticsandarethedirectresponsibilityofSubcommitteeD20.24onPlasticBuildingProducts.
Current edition approved MarchNov. 1, 2004.2009. Published June 2005.December 2009. Originally approved in 1983. Last previous edition approved in 2000 as
D4226 - 005. DOI: 10.1520/D4226-059.
2
For referencedASTM standards, visit theASTM website, www.astm.org, or contactASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM Standards
volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on the ASTM website.
*A Summary of Changes section appears at the end of this standard.
Copyright ©ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA19428-2959, United States.
1
---------------------- Page: 1 ----------------------
D4226 – 09
FIG. 1 Types of Failures of the Specimen
3.2.7 mean brittle failure energy (mean energy of ductile-to-brittle transition), (Procedure B)—energy required to produce 50
% brittle failures; the product of the weight and mean brittle failure height.
3.2.8 normalized mean brittle failure energy (normalized mean energ
...
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