ASTM D2659-16

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it may not be technically possible to adequately depict all changes accurately, ASTM recommends that users consult prior editions as appropriate. In all cases only the current version
of the standard as published by ASTM is to be considered the official document.
Designation: D2659 − 11 D2659 − 16
Standard Test Method for
Column Crush Properties of Blown Thermoplastic
1
Containers
This standard is issued under the fixed designation D2659; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope*
1.1 This test method covers the determination of mechanical properties of blown thermoplastic containers, whether blown
commercially or in the laboratory, loaded under columnar crush conditions at a constant rate of compressive deflection.
NOTE 1—Although this test method was developed specifically for blow-molded containers, the general procedure can also be applied to containers
of suitable geometries produced by other means, for example, thermoforming, injection molding, etc.
1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as the standard.
NOTE 2—There is no known ISO equivalent to this standard.
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility
of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory
limitations prior to use.
2. Referenced Documents
2
2.1 ASTM Standards:
D618 Practice for Conditioning Plastics for Testing
D883 Terminology Relating to Plastics
D4976 Specification for Polyethylene Plastics Molding and Extrusion Materials
E4 Practices for Force Verification of Testing Machines
E83 Practice for Verification and Classification of Extensometer Systems
3. Terminology
3.1 Definitions—For definitions of terms used in this test method and associated with plastics issues refer to the terminology
contained in ASTM D883.
3.2 Definitions:Definitions of Terms Specific to This Standard:
3.2.1 apparent crushing stiffness—the ratio of the crushing load to the corresponding deflection at a point on the linear portion
of the crushing load deflection curve (expressed in newtons per metre (or pounds per inch)).
3.2.2 column—a compression member that is axially loaded.
3.2.3 crushing load at failure—the crushing load applied to a blown thermoplastic container that produces a failure by fracture
or parting of the material in any portion of said container (expressed in kilograms (or pounds)).
3.2.4 crushing yield load—the first load at which an increase of deflection occurs with no increase in load in a compressive
crushing test (expressed in units of kilograms (or pounds) of load).
NOTE 3—In some cases, usually as a result of design or styling features, or both, of a specific container, multiple values of the crushing yield load are
be observed, that is, a small deflection occurs with no increase or with a decrease in the crush load, followed by resumption of the normal crush load
change with deflection. This phenomenon cannot be ignored in the evaluation of the column crush properties of a blown thermoplastic container, since
it can be a very useful designated failure point for the application under consideration. The load at which this abrupt change occurs can be chosen as a
crushing yield load for study. In such a case, the report of results should be accompanied by a proper description of the crushing yield load selected.
1
This test method is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D20 on Plastics and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee D20.19 on Film, Sheeting, and Molded
Products.
Current edition approved Sept. 1, 2011May 1, 2016. Published September 2011May 2016. Originally approved in 1967. Last previous edition approved in 20052011 as
D2659 - 1995 (2005).D2659 - 11. DOI: 10.1520/D2659-11.10.1520/D2659-16.
2
For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or contact ASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM Standards
volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on the ASTM website.
*A Summary of Changes section appears at the end of this standard
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States
1

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D2659 − 16
3.1.2 crushing load at failure—the crushing load applied to a blown thermoplastic container that produces a failure by fracture
or parting of the material in any portion of said container (expressed in kilograms (or pounds)).
3.2.5 deflection at cru
...

NOTICE: This standard has either been superseded and replaced by a new version or withdrawn.
Contact ASTM International (www.astm.org) for the latest information
Designation: D2659 − 16
Standard Test Method for
Column Crush Properties of Blown Thermoplastic
1
Containers
This standard is issued under the fixed designation D2659; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope* 3.2 Definitions of Terms Specific to This Standard:
3.2.1 apparent crushing stiffness—the ratio of the crushing
1.1 This test method covers the determination of mechanical
load to the corresponding deflection at a point on the linear
properties of blown thermoplastic containers, whether blown
portion of the crushing load deflection curve (expressed in
commercially or in the laboratory, loaded under columnar
newtons per metre (or pounds per inch)).
crush conditions at a constant rate of compressive deflection.
3.2.2 column—a compression member that is axially loaded.
NOTE 1—Although this test method was developed specifically for
blow-molded containers, the general procedure can also be applied to 3.2.3 crushing load at failure—the crushing load applied to
containers of suitable geometries produced by other means, for example,
a blown thermoplastic container that produces a failure by
thermoforming, injection molding, etc.
fracture or parting of the material in any portion of said
1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as the
container (expressed in kilograms (or pounds)).
standard.
3.2.4 crushing yield load—the first load at which an in-
crease of deflection occurs with no increase in load in a
NOTE 2—There is no known ISO equivalent to this standard.
compressive crushing test (expressed in units of kilograms (or
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the
pounds) of load).
safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the
responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-
NOTE 3—In some cases, usually as a result of design or styling features,
priate safety and health practices and determine the applica- or both, of a specific container, multiple values of the crushing yield load
are be observed, that is, a small deflection occurs with no increase or with
bility of regulatory limitations prior to use.
a decrease in the crush load, followed by resumption of the normal crush
load change with deflection. This phenomenon cannot be ignored in the
2. Referenced Documents
evaluation of the column crush properties of a blown thermoplastic
2
2.1 ASTM Standards:
container, since it can be a very useful designated failure point for the
application under consideration. The load at which this abrupt change
D618 Practice for Conditioning Plastics for Testing
occurs can be chosen as a crushing yield load for study. In such a case, the
D883 Terminology Relating to Plastics
report of results should be accompanied by a proper description of the
D4976 Specification for Polyethylene Plastics Molding and
crushing yield load selected.
Extrusion Materials
3.2.5 deflection at crushing yield load—the decrease in
E4 Practices for Force Verification of Testing Machines
length of the container specimen produced at the crushing yield
E83 Practice for Verification and Classification of Exten-
load along the center line of testing (axis of crushing, see Fig.
someter Systems
1) (expressed in millimetres (or inches)).
3. Terminology
3.2.6 gage length—the original length of that portion of the
specimen over which strain or change in length is determined.
3.1 Definitions—For definitions of terms used in this test
method and associated with plastics issues refer to the termi-
4. Significance and Use
nology contained in ASTM D883.
4.1 Column crush tests only provide information about the
crush properties of blown thermoplastic containers when
1
This test method is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D20 on Plastics
employed under conditions approximating those under which
and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee D20.19 on Film, Sheeting, and
Molded Products.
the tests are conducted.
Current edition approved May 1, 2016. Published May 2016. Originally
4.2 The column crush properties include the crushing yield
approved in 1967. Last previous edition approved in 2011 as D2659 - 11. DOI:
10.1520/D2659-16.
load, deflection at crushing yield load, crushing load at failure,
2
For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or
and apparent crushing stiffness. Blown thermoplastic contain-
contact ASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM
ers made from materials that possess a low order of ductility
Standards volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on
the ASTM website. can fail in crushin
...