ASTM F1909-98(2020)

This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the
Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
Designation:F1909 −98 (Reapproved 2020)
Standard Specification for
Preformed Open–Cell Sponge Rubber Pail and Drum
Gaskets
This standard is issued under the fixed designation F1909; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope D1056 Specification for Flexible Cellular Materials—
Sponge or Expanded Rubber
1.1 This specification covers preformed open–cell sponge
D3182 PracticeforRubber—Materials,Equipment,andPro-
rubber gaskets of the following classes for use in new or
cedures for Mixing Standard Compounds and Preparing
reconditioned pails or drums.
Standard Vulcanized Sheets
1.1.1 Class A—Non–Oil Resistant.
D3183 Practice for Rubber—Preparation of Pieces for Test
1.1.2 Class B—Oil Resistant.
Purposes from Products
1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as the
standard.
3. Terminology
1.3 The following safety hazards caveat pertains only to
3.1 Definitions of Terms Specific to This Standard:
Section 10, General Test Methods. This standard does not
3.1.1 cellular material—a generic term for materials con-
purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated
taining many open cells dispersed throughout the mass.
with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard
3.1.2 flexible cellular material—a flexible, cellular material
to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental
that will not rupture within 60 s when a specimen 200 by 25 by
practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limita-
25mm(8by1by1in.)isbentarounda25mm(1in.)diameter
tions prior to use.
mandrelatauniformrateofonelapin5sintheformofahelix
NOTE 1—ISO Equivalency Statement—This proposed specification was
at a temperature between 18 and 29°C (65 and 85°F).
found to be not equivalent.
3.1.3 natural skin—a relatively dense layer at the surface of
1.4 This international standard was developed in accor-
a cellular material. Normally, this natural skin is formed by
dance with internationally recognized principles on standard-
contact with the mold during manufacture. Parts made by
ization established in the Decision on Principles for the
cutting from open–cell (sponge rubber) sheets usually have
Development of International Standards, Guides and Recom-
natural skin on two faces and open cells at the cut edges.
mendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical
3.1.4 rubber—a material that is capable of recovering from
Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
large deformations quickly and forcibly.
3.1.5 sponge rubber—cellularrubberconsistingofpredomi-
2. Referenced Documents
2 nantly open cells made from a solid rubber compound.
2.1 ASTM Standards:
D395 Test Methods for Rubber Property—Compression Set
4. Classification
D471 Test Method for Rubber Property—Effect of Liquids
4.1 Classes—Cellular rubbers are divided into two classes,
D573 Test Method for Rubber—Deterioration in an Air
which are designated by the letters A and B added to the
Oven
number prefix.
D575 Test Methods for Rubber Properties in Compression
4.1.1 Class A—Cellular rubbers made from natural rubber,
reclaimed rubber, synthetic rubber, or rubber-like materials,
alone or in combination, where specific resistance to the action
ThisspecificationisunderthejurisdictionofASTMCommitteeF03onGaskets
of petroleum–base oils is not required.
andisthedirectresponsibilityofSubcommitteeF03.60onSpecificationsforGasket
Materials.
4.1.2 Class B—Cellular rubbers made from synthetic rubber
Current edition approved Jan. 1, 2020. Published January 2020. Originally
or rubber-like materials, alone or in combination, having
approved in 1998. Last previous edition approved in 2012 as F1909 – 98 (2012).
specific requirements for oil resistance.
DOI: 10.1520/F1909-98R20.
For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or
4.2 Grades—Each class is divided into three different
contact ASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM
grades. Each grade is based on a specific range of firmness as
Standards volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on
the ASTM website. expressed by a 25 % compression. Grades are designated by
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States
F1909−98 (2020)
TABLE 1 Physical Requirements of Open–Cell Sponge Rubber TABLE 2 Tolerances on Dimensions for Open–Cell Sponge
Pail and Drum Gaskets Rubber Pail or Drum Gaskets
Requirements Thickness
Class/ Compression Oil Heat Aged 7 Compression mm (in.) Tolerance ± mm (in.)
Grade at 25 % Immersion Days at Set, 22 h 4.8 (0.188) 1.5 (0.062)
Number Deflection 22hat 70°C at 70°C 6.4 (0.250) 1.5 (0.062)
(Limits), kPa 70°C (158°F), (158°F) 50 %
7.9 (0.313) 1.5 (0.062)
(psi) (158°F), Change in Deflection, 9.5 (0.375) 1.5 (0.062)
Change in Original Max %
11.1 (0.438) 1.5 (0.062)
Volume in Compression 12.7 (0.500) 1.5 (0.062)
ASTM Oil Values
Width
IRM 903 (Limits), % mm (in.) Tolerance ± mm (in.)
(Limits), %
4.8 (0.188) 1.5 (0.062)
Class A, Non-Oil Resistant 6.4 (0.250) 1.5 (0.062)
A1 15–50 (2–7) — ±20 15
7.9 (0.313) 1.5 (0.062)
A2 50–85 (7–12) — ±20 15
9.5 (0.375) 1.5 (0.062)
A3 85–120 (12–17) — ±20 15
11.1 (0.438) 1.5 (0.062)
Class B, Oil-Resistant, Medium Swell
12.7 (0.500) 1.5 (0.062)
B1 15–50 (2–7) +10 to +60 ±20 50 Length
B2 50–85 (7–12) +10 to +60 ±20 50
Dimension mm (in.)
B3 85–120 (12–17) +10 to +60 ±20 50 As Required—Circular open–cell sponge rubber pail and drum gaskets are
manufactured to fit specified pail or drum flanges by cutting to the specified
length and sealing the cut ends together.
digit, the softer grades being identified with the lower numbers
8. Workmanship, Finish, and Appearance
andthehardergradesbeingidentifiedwiththehighernumbers.
4.2.1 Grade 1—A compression deflection range from 15 to
8.1 Cellular rubber gaskets under this specification shall be
50 kPa (2 to 7 psi).
manufactured from natural rubber, synthetic rubber, or rubber-
4.2.2 Grade 2—A compression deflection range from 50 to
likematerials,togetherwithaddedcompoundingingredientsof
85 kPa (7 to 12 psi).
such nature and quality that the finished product complies with
4.2.3 Grade 3—A compression deflection range from 85 to
the specification requirements. In permitting choice in the use
120 kPa (12 to 17 psi).
of materials by the producer, it is not intended to imply that the
different rubber materials are equivalent in respect to all
5. Materials and Manufacture
physical properties. Any special characteristics that may be
desired for specific applications other than those prescribed in
5.1 Sponge rubber gaskets are made by incorporating a
this specification, shall be stated in the product specifications
blowing agent into the compound, such as sodium bicarbonate,
as they may influence the choice of the type of rubber material
that gives off a gas which expands the mass during the
or other ingredients used.All materials and workmanship shall
vulcanization process.
be in accordance with good commercial practice, and the
5.2 Sponge rubber gaskets are manufactured to specified
resulting cellular rubbers shall be free from defects affecting
dimensions. Unless otherwise specified, gasket sponge rubber
serviceability.
shall have a natural skin on both the top and bottom surfaces.
Fabric surface impressions are not objectionable.
9. Sampling
9.1 When possible, the completed manufactured product
6. Physical Properties
shall be used for the tests specified. Representative samples of
6.1 The various grades of cellular rubber shall conform to
the lot being examined shall be selected at random as required.
the requirements as to physical properties in Table 1 and Table
9.2 When the finished product does not lend itself to testing
2.
ortothetakingoftestspecimensbecauseofcomplicatedshape
6.2 Color—Unless otherwise specified, the color of cellular
or other reasons, standard test slabs shall be prepared. When
rubber gaskets shall be tan or black.
differences due to the difficulty in obtaining suitable test
specimens from the finished part arise, manufacturer and
7. Tolerances on Dimensions
purchaser may agree on acceptable deviations. Agreement on
7.1 Tolerances on dimensions of cellular rubber gaskets
acceptable deviations can be achieved by comparing results of
shall be as specified in Table 2.
standard test specimens with those obtained on actual parts.
7.2 Measurements of Test Specimens—Thickness and width
3 10. General Test Methods
shall be measured using a dial–type gage , having a maximum
stemandcircularfootmassof25gandacircularfoot31.8mm 10.1 Except as otherwise specified in these test methods for
(1.250 in.) in diameter. open-cell rubber, the following test methods shall be complied
with as required and are hereby made a part of this specifica-
tion.
10.1.1 General Physical Test Requirements—Practices
Agage similar to Federal Products Co. No. 57 B-1Y7692 is satisfactory for this
purpose. D3182 and D3183.
F1909−98 (2020)
In all cases the natural surface skin shall be left intact on both
top and bottom faces of the test slab.
11.2.1 When specially prepared standard test slabs of open-
cell sponge rubber are required, they shall be made using the
frame shown in Fig. 2 together with top and bottom plates that
are each approximately 12.7 mm (0.50 in.) thick. The frame
and plates shall be made of aluminum or steel. The stock shall
beinsheetformcutintosquaresslightlysmallerthantheframe
cavities.Tofillthemoldingcavities,thethicknessofthesquare
sheets shall giv
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