ASTM C1398-98e1

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e1
Designation:C1398–98
Standard Test Method for
The Laboratory Determination of the Time of Setting of
Hydraulic-Cement Mortars Containing Additives for
Shotcrete by the Use of Gillmore Needles
This standard is issued under the fixed designation C 1398; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (e) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
e NOTE—Title, Section 2, and 4.4 editorially corrected January 2001.
1. Scope C 1141 Specification for Admixtures for Shotcrete
D 1193 Specification for Reagent Water
1.1 This is a laboratory test method that covers the deter-
IEEE/ASTM SI 10 Standard for Use of the International
mination of the time of setting of hydraulic–cement mortars
System of Units (SI): The Modern Metric System
containing additives for shotcrete for comparison with control
mixes containing no additives or to compare the performance
3. Summary of Test Method
of shotcrete mixtures which contain additives that produce
3.1 A mortar consisting of the sand, hydraulic cement, and
rapid setting or rapid stiffening of shotcrete.
water to be tested is proportioned by mass. The appropriate
1.2 The values stated in SI units (see IEEE/ASTM SI 10)
admixture or admixtures are added and a specimen is prepared
are the standard.
from the mortar and tested for time of setting by means of
1.3 This standard may involve hazardous materials, opera-
Gillmore initial and final needles.Atime of setting determina-
tions, and equipment. This standard does not purport to
tion is then made for initial and final time of setting for each
address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its
specimen. The time of setting shall be compared to a treated
use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to
control mixture to demonstrate the effect of the admixture if
establish appropriate safety and health practices and deter-
such a comparison is the purpose of the study.
mine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.
4. Significance and Use
2. Referenced Documents
4.1 The performance of an admixture for shotcrete in the
2.1 ASTM Standards:
2 field varies with the composition of the hydraulic cement and
C 150 Specification for Portland Cement
sand combination. Since this test method involves the deter-
C 185 Test Method for Air Content of Hydraulic Cement
mination of time of setting of a particular combination of
Mortar
hydraulic cement, sand and an admixture, it therefore provides
C 266 Test Method for Time of Setting of Hydraulic Ce-
2 information on the suitability for use of that particular combi-
ment Paste by Gillmore Needles
nation in the field.
C 305 PracticeforMechanicalMixingofHydraulicCement
2 4.2 The time of setting of the combination established in the
Pastes and Mortars of Plastic Consistency
laboratory does not necessarily indicate the time of setting this
C 490 Practice for use of Apparatus for the Determination
combination will produce in actual shotcreting in the field.
of Length Change of Hardened Cement Paste, Mortar and
2 4.3 This method is used to determine the effect on time of
Concrete
2 setting of mortars containing admixtures as compared to a
C 778 Specification for Standard Sand
control mortar.
C 1005 Specification for Masses and Devices for Determin-
4.4 The test method is used for comparison in laboratory
ing Mass for Use in the Physical Testing of Hydraulic
pre–evaluation studies to demonstrate the effect of shotcrete
Cements
admixtures in mortar compared with plain mortar and can be
used to demonstrate or compare the performance of shotcrete
admixtures which produce rapid setting or rapid rheological
This practice is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee C09 on Concrete
stiffening of shotcrete.
and Concrete Aggregates and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee C 09.46
on Shotcrete.
Current edition approved July 10, 1998. Published January 1999. Originally
published as C 1398-98. Last previous edition C 1398-98. Annual Book of ASTM Standards, Vol 04.02.
2 4
Annual Book of ASTM Standards, Vol 04.01. Annual Book of ASTM Standards, Vol 11.01.
Annual Book of ASTM Standards, Vol 14.02.
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959, United States.
e1
C1398–98
4.5 The test method is used to evaluate the relative perfor- 8.2.2 Mortar with liquid admixtures—Proportion the sand
mance of more than one shotcrete admixture for comparison of and cement as in 8.1 adding the mixture to the mixing bowl.
performance. Add mixing water to the prescribed amount of admixture to
4.6 The test method is used to determine or verify that no obtain a volume of 70 mL. This solution is added to the mortar
adverseeffectsonsettingtimemaybeexperiencedwiththeuse as described in 8.3.3.
of admixtures that are not intended to accelerate or are used to 8.3 Mixing of Mortar— The mixing shall be done in the
produce stiffening of shotcrete mixtures. mechanical mixer as follows:
4.7 Although specific environmental conditions are indi- 8.3.1 Place the appropriate dry materials in the mixing
cated, the testing environment can be varied to simulate the bowls, as in 8.2.1 or 8.2.2 and hand mix them with a spoon
performance of admixtures in mortars at different tempera- until a homogeneous mixture is achieved.
tures. Such variations are reported as indicated in Section 10. 8.3.2 Position the bowl in the mixer and set the paddle in
place.
5. Apparatus
8.3.3 Withthemixeroperatingatmediumspeed,add70mL
5.1 Trowel, having a steel blade 100 to 150 mm (4 to 6 in.)
of mixing water to the non-liquid admixture as in 8.2.1 or 70
in length with a straight edge.
mL of mixing water and liquid admixture as in 8.2.2, start the
5.2 Mixer, Bowl, Paddle with Scraper, shall conform to the stopwatch when the water contacts the dry mixture in the bowl.
requirements of Practice C 305.
Mix for 10s.
5.3 Glass Graduates, shall conform to the requirements of 8.4 Preparation of Test Specimens:
Practice C 490.
8.4.1 Stop the mixer and immediately remove the bowl
5.4 Scales and Weights, shall conform to the requirements from the mixer. With a spoon, quickly fill the plastic petri dish,
of Specification C 1005.
and with the trowel, using the flat surface, cover three quarters
5.5 Disposable, Round, Plastic Petri Dishes,15mmby100 of the dish surface and press straight down forcing the excess
mm ( ⁄2 in. h
...