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ASTM C67-03a

(Test Method)

Standard Test Methods for Sampling and Testing Brick and Structural Clay Tile

Standard Test Methods for Sampling and Testing Brick and Structural Clay Tile

SCOPE
1.1 These test methods cover procedures for the sampling and testing of brick and structural clay tile. Although not necessarily applicable to all types of units, tests include modulus of rupture, compressive strength, absorption, saturation coefficient, effect of freezing and thawing, efflorescence, initial rate of absorption and determination of weight, size, warpage, length change, and void area. (Additional methods of test pertinent to ceramic glazed facing tile are included in Specification C 126.)
1.2 The text of this standard references notes and footnotes which provide explanatory material. These notes and footnotes (excluding those in tables and figures) shall not be considered as requirements of the standard.
Note 1—The testing laboratory performing this test method should be evaluated in accordance with Practice C 1093.
1.3 Unless otherwise indicated, the values stated in inch-pound units are to be regarded as the standard. The values given in parentheses are for information only.
1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.

General Information

Status
Historical
Publication Date
09-Jun-2003
ICS
81.080 - Refractories
Technical Committee
C15 - Manufactured Masonry Units
Drafting Committee
C15.02 - Brick and Structural Clay Tile
Current Stage
Ref Project

Relations

Replaces
ASTM C67-03 - Standard Test Methods for Sampling and Testing Brick and Structural Clay Tile
Effective Date
10-Jun-2003
Replaced By
ASTM C67-05 - Standard Test Methods for Sampling and Testing Brick and Structural Clay Tile
Effective Date
15-Nov-2005
Referred By
ASTM C901-18 - Standard Specification for Prefabricated Masonry Panels
Effective Date
10-Jun-2003
Referred By
ASTM C1400-11(2017) - Standard Guide for Reduction of Efflorescence Potential in New Masonry Walls
Effective Date
10-Jun-2003
Referred By
ASTM C212-22 - Standard Specification for Structural Clay Facing Tile
Effective Date
10-Jun-2003

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ASTM C67-03a - Standard Test Methods for Sampling and Testing Brick and Structural Clay TileASTM C67-03a - Standard Test Methods for Sampling and Testing Brick and Structural Clay Tile
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ASTM C67-03a - Standard Test Methods for Sampling and Testing Brick and Structural Clay Tile
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Standards Content (Sample)

NOTICE: This standard has either been superseded and replaced by a new version or withdrawn.
Contact ASTM International (www.astm.org) for the latest information
American Association State Highway and Transportation
Designation: C 67 – 03a Officials Standard
AASHTO No.: T 32-70
Standard Test Methods for
1
Sampling and Testing Brick and Structural Clay Tile
ThisstandardisissuedunderthefixeddesignationC67;thenumberimmediatelyfollowingthedesignationindicatestheyearoforiginal
adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision.Anumber in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval.Asuperscript
epsilon (e) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
This standard has been approved for use by agencies of the Department of Defense.
4
1. Scope* E4 Practices for Force Verification of Testing Machines
E6 Terminology Relating to Methods of Mechanical Test-
1.1 These test methods cover procedures for the sampling
4
ing
and testing of brick and structural clay tile. Although not
necessarily applicable to all types of units, tests include
3. Terminology
modulus of rupture, compressive strength, absorption, satura-
3.1 Definitions—Terminology E6 and Terminology C43
tion coefficient, effect of freezing and thawing, efflorescence,
shall be considered as applying to the terms used in these test
initial rate of absorption and determination of weight, size,
methods.
warpage,lengthchange,andvoidarea.(Additionalmethodsof
test pertinent to ceramic glazed facing tile are included in
4. Sampling
Specification C126.)
4.1 Selection and Preparation of Test Specimens—For the
1.2 The text of this standard references notes and footnotes
purpose of these tests, full-size brick, tile, or solid masonry
which provide explanatory material.These notes and footnotes
units shall be selected by the purchaser or by the purchaser’s
(excluding those in tables and figures) shall not be considered
authorizedrepresentative.Specimensshallberepresentativeof
as requirements of the standard.
the lot of units from which they are selected and shall include
NOTE 1—The testing laboratory performing this test method should be
specimens representative of the complete range of colors,
evaluated in accordance with Practice C1093.
textures, and sizes and shall be free of or brushed to remove
1.3 Unless otherwise indicated, the values stated in inch- dirt, mud, mortar, or other foreign materials unassociated with
pound units are to be regarded as the standard. The values
the manufacturing process.
given in parentheses are for information only. 4.2 Number of Specimens:
1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the 4.2.1 Brick—For the modulus of rupture, compressive
safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the
strength, abrasion resistance, and absorption determinations, at
responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro- least ten individual brick shall be selected for lots of 1000000
priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-
brick or fraction thereof. For larger lots, five additional
bility of regulatory limitations prior to use. specimensshallbeselectedfromeachadditional500000brick
or fraction thereof. Additional specimens are taken at the
2. Referenced Documents
discretion of the purchaser.
2.1 ASTM Standards:
4.2.2 Structural Clay Tile—For the weight determination
2
C43 Terminology of Structural Clay Products
and for compressive strength and absorption tests, at least five
C126 Specification for Ceramic Glazed Structural Clay
tile shall be selected from each lot of 250 tons (226.8 Mg) or
2
Facing Tile, Facing Brick, and Solid Masonry Units
fraction thereof. For larger lots, five additional specimens shall
3
C150 Specification for Portland Cement
be tested for each 500 tons (453.6 Mg) or fraction thereof. In
C1093 Practice for Accreditation of Testing Agencies for
no case shall less than five tile be taken.Additional specimens
2
Unit Masonry
are taken at the discretion of the purchaser.
4.3 Identification—Eachspecimenshallbemarkedsothatit
may be identified at any time. Markings shall cover not more
1
than 5% of the superficial area of the specimen.
These test methods are under the jurisdiction of Committee C15 on Manufac-
tured Masonry Units and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee C15.02 on
Brick and Structural Clay Tile. 5. Specimen Preparation
Current edition approved June 10, 2003. Published August 2003. Originally
5.1 Weight Determination:
published as C67–37T and C112–34T. Last previous edition approved in 2003
as C67–03.
2
Annual Book of ASTM Standards, Vol 04.05.
3
4
Annual Book of ASTM Standards, Vol 04.01.
Annual Book of ASTM Standards, Vol 03.01.
*ASummary of Changes section appears at the end of this standard.
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959, United States.
1

---------------------- Page: 1 ----------------------
C67–03a
5.1.1 Drying—Dry the test specimens in a ventilated oven 6.2.2 M
...

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Standard Test Methods for Sampling and Testing Brick and Structural Clay Tile

ABSTRACT
These test methods cover procedures for the sampling and testing of brick and structural clay tile. The tests include modulus of rupture, compressive strength, absorption, saturation coefficient, effect of freezing and thawing, efflorescence, initial rate or absorption, and determination of weight, size, warpage, length chanange, and void areas. For purposes of these tests, full-size bricks, tiles, or solid masonry units shall be used as test specimens. They shall be representative of the lot of units from which they are to be selected in respect of the range of colors, textures, and sizes and shall be free of or brushed to remove dirt, mud, mortar, or other foreign materials unassociated with the manufacturing process.
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1.1 These test methods cover procedures for the sampling and testing of brick and structural clay tile. Although not necessarily applicable to all types of units, tests include modulus of rupture, compressive strength, absorption, saturation coefficient, effect of freezing and thawing, efflorescence, initial rate of absorption and determination of weight, size, warpage, length change, and void area. (Additional methods of test pertinent to ceramic glazes include imperviousness, chemical resistance, opacity, and resistance to crazing.  
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1.4 These test methods include the following sections:    
Section Heading  
Section  
Scope  
1  
Referenced Documents  
2  
Terminology  
3  
Sampling  
4  
Specimen Preparation  
5  
Modulus of Rupture (Flexure Test)  
6  
Compressive Strength  
7  
Absorption  
8  
Freezing and Thawing  
9  
Initial Rate of Absorption (Suction) (Laboratory Test)  
10  
Efflorescence  
11  
Weight Per Unit Area  
12  
Measurement of Size  
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Measurement of Warpage  
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Measurement of Length Change  
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Initial Rate of Absorption (Suction) (Field Test)  
16  
Measurement of Void Area in Cored Units  
17  
Measurement of Void Area in Deep Frogged Units  
18  
Measurement of Out of Square  
19  
Measurement of Shell and Web Thickness  
20  
Breaking Load  
21  
Imperviousness Test (of Ceramin Glazes)  
22  
Chemical Resistance Test (of Ceramic Glazes)  
23  
Autoclaved Crazing Test (of Ceramic Glazes)  
24  
Opacity Test (of Ceramic Glazes)  
25  
Precision and Bias  
26  
Keywords  
27  
Safety Precautions for Autoclave Equipment and Operation  
Appendix X1  
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4.1 History:  
4.1.1 For many years, brick liners have been used with an excellent record of performance. For the most part, however, the design and construction of brick liners has been based on past industry practice due to the lack of available information and knowledge of the physical properties of the brick and mortar, the thermal and seismic behavior of brick liners, and many related characteristics that were not properly or accurately defined.  
4.1.2 The use of scrubbers, which lower gas temperatures and introduce highly corrosive condensates into the flue gas system, requires many new design considerations. The effect that scrubbers have on brick liners is an ongoing area of study, since a number of liners have experienced growth- and deflection-related problems which may be attributable, at least in part, to nonuniform temperature and moisture conditions within the liners.  
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1.1 This guide covers procedures for the design, construction, and serviceability of brick liners for industrial chimneys. The structural design criteria are applicable to vertical masonry cantilever structures supported only at their base, either by a foundation, a concrete pedestal, or by some means from the outer concrete shell. Excluded from direct consideration are single-wythe, sectional brick linings that are supported on a series of corbels cast in the outer chimney shell.  
1.2 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regarded as the standard. The values given in parentheses are for information only.  
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SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
3.1 The hydration of dead-burned dolomite grains is an important aspect of both manufacturing and using such grains. Moisture from any source will cause the grains to partially disintegrate, eventually making the dead-burned dolomite unfit for use. This test method may prove useful for determining, in a relative manner, which grains are more resistant to hydration than others.  
3.2 Data from one laboratory might help in establishing internal limits for determining whether a particular batch of grain is suitable for refractory production. However, this test method takes great care to run, and is not recommended as a quality control test. Possibly, a specification might be developed between two parties if sufficient care in establishing the bias between the laboratories is carried out.
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1.4 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

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ASTM C456-18(2023)(Test Method)
Standard Test Method for Hydration Resistance of Basic Bricks and Shapes

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
2.1 This test method compares relative resistance to hydration of basic refractory brick and shapes in laboratory tests.  
2.2 This test method allows an estimate to be made of the relative potential for hydration.  
2.3 The test method is used in industry and in some cases it is used for specification purposes.  
2.4 The results must be carefully used as a means of predicting whether or not basic brick or shapes will hydrate under actual conditions of storage or service.
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SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
4.1 This test method was developed for use both by manufacturers as a process control tool for the production of AZS fusion-cast refractories, and by glass manufacturers in the selection of refractories and design of glass-melting furnaces.  
4.2 The results may be considered as representative of the potential for an AZS refractory (specifically, in the tested region) to contribute to glass defect formation during the furnace production operation.  
4.3 The procedures and results may be applied to other refractory types or applications (that is, reheat furnace skid rail brick) in which glass exudation is considered to be important.
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1.1 This test method covers a procedure for causing the exudation of a glassy phase to the surface of fusion-cast specimens by subjecting them to temperatures corresponding to glass furnace operating temperatures.  
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1.3 Units—The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regarded as standard. The values given in parentheses are mathematical conversions to SI units that are provided for information only and are not considered standard.  
1.3.1 Exception—The balance required for this test method uses only SI units (Section 7).  
1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.  
1.5 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

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