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ASTM D3787-15

(Test Method)

Standard Test Method for Bursting Strength of Textiles—Constant-Rate-of-Traverse (CRT) Ball Burst Test

Standard Test Method for Bursting Strength of Textiles—Constant-Rate-of-Traverse (CRT) Ball Burst Test

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
5.1 This test method for the determination of ball bursting strength of textiles is being used by the textile industry for the evaluation of a wide variety of fabrics.  
5.2 Test results obtained using the procedures in Test Method D3787 have not been correlated with actual performance. Test Method D3787 is considered satisfactory for acceptance testing of commercial shipments of textiles fabrics for bursting strength since the method has been used extensively in the trade for acceptance testing. In cases of disagreement arising from differences in values reported by the purchaser and the seller when using Test Method D3787 for acceptance testing, the statistical bias, if any, between the laboratory of the purchaser and the laboratory of the seller should be determined with comparison based on testing specimens randomly drawn from one sample of material of the type being evaluated.
Note 3: The kind force transfer and strength that occur when knitted goods are worn is prevented by clamping them as directed in this test method.  
5.2.1 If there are differences of practical significance between reported test results for two (or more) laboratories, comparative tests should be performed to determine if there is a statistical bias between them. The test samples used should be: as homogeneous as possible, drawn from the material from which the disparate test results were obtained, and randomly assigned in equal numbers to the laboratories for testing. Other materials with established test values may be used for this purpose. The test results from the two laboratories should be compared using a statistical test for unpaired data at a probability level chosen prior to the testing series. If a bias is found, either the cause must be determined and corrected or future test results must be adjusted in consideration of known bias.
SCOPE
1.1 This test method describes the measurement for bursting strength with a ball burst strength tester of textiles or garments that exhibit a high degree of ultimate elongation.  
1.2 The values stated in either SI units or inch-pound units are to be regarded separately as the standard. Within the test, the inch-pound units are shown in parentheses. The values stated in each system are not exact equivalents; therefore, each system may be used independently of the other. Combining values from the two systems may result in nonconformance within the specification.
Note 1: For the measurement of bursting strength with a hydraulic testing machine, refer to Test Method D3786.
Note 2: Constant Rate of Traverse (CRT) machines and Constant Rate of Extension (CRE) machines have been shown to provide different results. When using a CRE device, refer to Test Method D6797.  
1.3 This standard may involve hazardous materials, operations and equipment. This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.

General Information

Status
Historical
Publication Date
30-Jun-2015
ICS
59.080.30 - Textile fabrics
Technical Committee
D13 - Textiles
Drafting Committee
D13.59 - Fabric Physical Test Methods A
Current Stage
Ref Project

Relations

Replaces
ASTM D3787-07(2011) - Standard Test Method for Bursting Strength of Textiles-Constant-Rate-of-Traverse (CRT) Ball Burst Test
Effective Date
01-Jul-2015
Replaced By
ASTM D3787-16 - Standard Test Method for Bursting Strength of Textiles—Constant-Rate-of-Traverse (CRT) Ball Burst Test
Effective Date
01-Jan-2016
Referred By
ASTM D4119-22 - Standard Performance Specification for Men's and Boys' Knitted Dress Shirt Fabrics
Effective Date
01-Jul-2015
Referred By
ASTM D4850-23 - Standard Terminology Relating to Fabrics and Fabric Test Methods
Effective Date
01-Jul-2015
Referred By
ASTM D5431-08(2019) - Standard Performance Specification for Woven and Knitted Sheeting Products for Institutional and Household Use
Effective Date
01-Jul-2015
Referred By
ASTM D4115-20 - Standard Performance Specification for Women's and Girls' Knitted and Woven Dress Glove Fabrics
Effective Date
01-Jul-2015
Referred By
ASTM D4116-20 - Standard Performance Specification for Women's and Girls' Knitted and Woven Corset-Girdle-Combination Fabrics
Effective Date
01-Jul-2015
Referred By
ASTM F2704-17a - Standard Specification for Air-Fed Protective Ensembles
Effective Date
01-Jul-2015
Referred By
ASTM D4037-02(2019) - Standard Performance Specification for Woven, Knitted, or Flocked Bedspread Fabrics
Effective Date
01-Jul-2015
Referred By
ASTM D7023-06(2018) - Standard Terminology Relating to Home Furnishings
Effective Date
01-Jul-2015
Referred By
ASTM D4154-22 - Standard Performance Specification for Men's and Boys' Knitted and Woven Beachwear and Sports Shirt Fabrics
Effective Date
01-Jul-2015
Referred By
ASTM F3267-22 - Standard Specification for Protective Clothing for Use Against Liquid Chemotherapy and Other Liquid Hazardous Drugs
Effective Date
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ASTM D7017-20 - Standard Performance Specification for Water-Resistant Rainwear and All-Purpose, Water-Repellent Coat Fabrics
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ASTM D3995-23 - Standard Performance Specification for Knitted Career Apparel Fabrics: Dress and Vocational
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ASTM D6321/D6321M-22 - Standard Practice for the Evaluation of Machine Washable T-Shirts
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ASTM D3787-15 - Standard Test Method for Bursting Strength of Textiles—Constant-Rate-of-Traverse (CRT) Ball Burst TestASTM D3787-15 - Standard Test Method for Bursting Strength of Textiles—Constant-Rate-of-Traverse (CRT) Ball Burst Test
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Standards Content (Sample)

NOTICE: This standard has either been superseded and replaced by a new version or withdrawn.
Contact ASTM International (www.astm.org) for the latest information
Designation: D3787 − 15
StandardTest Method for
Bursting Strength of Textiles—Constant-Rate-of-Traverse
1
(CRT) Ball Burst Test
This standard is issued under the fixed designation D3787; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
This standard has been approved for use by agencies of the U.S. Department of Defense.
1. Scope D6797 Test Method for Bursting Strength of Fabrics
Constant-Rate-of-Extension (CRE) Ball Burst Test
1.1 Thistestmethoddescribesthemeasurementforbursting
strength with a ball burst strength tester of textiles or garments
3. Terminology
that exhibit a high degree of ultimate elongation.
3.1 For all terminology relating to D13.59, Fabric Test
1.2 The values stated in either SI units or inch-pound units
Methods, General, refer to Terminology D4850.
are to be regarded separately as the standard. Within the test,
3.1.1 The following terms are relevant to this standard:
the inch-pound units are shown in parentheses. The values
bursting strength, constant–rate-of-traverse (CRT) tensile test-
stated in each system are not exact equivalents; therefore, each
ing machine, fabric, knitted, fabric, nonwoven.
system may be used independently of the other. Combining
3.2 For all other terminology related to textiles, refer to
values from the two systems may result in nonconformance
Terminology D123.
within the specification.
4. Summary of Test Method
NOTE 1—For the measurement of bursting strength with a hydraulic
testing machine, refer to Test Method D3786.
4.1 A specimen is securely clamped without tension be-
NOTE 2—Constant Rate ofTraverse (CRT) machines and Constant Rate
tween grooved, circular plates of the ball burst attachment
of Extension (CRE) machines have been shown to provide different
secured to the pulling (movable) jaw for the constant-rate-of-
results. When using a CRE device, refer to Test Method D6797.
traverse (CRT) testing machine. A force is exerted against the
1.3 This standard may involve hazardous materials, opera-
specimen by a polished, hardened steel ball that is attached to
tionsandequipment.Thisstandarddoesnotpurporttoaddress
the pendulum-actuating (fixed) clamp of the machine, until
all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is
rupture occurs.
the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish
appropriate safety and health practices and determine the
5. Significance and Use
applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.
5.1 This test method for the determination of ball bursting
strength of textiles is being used by the textile industry for the
2. Referenced Documents
evaluation of a wide variety of fabrics.
2
2.1 ASTM Standards:
5.2 Test results obtained using the procedures in Test
D76 Specification for Tensile Testing Machines for Textiles
Method D3787 have not been correlated with actual perfor-
D123 Terminology Relating to Textiles
mance. Test Method D3787 is considered satisfactory for
D1776 Practice for Conditioning and Testing Textiles
acceptance testing of commercial shipments of textiles fabrics
D3786 Test Method for Bursting Strength of Textile
for bursting strength since the method has been used exten-
Fabrics—Diaphragm Bursting Strength Tester Method
sively in the trade for acceptance testing. In cases of disagree-
D4850 Terminology Relating to Fabrics and Fabric Test
ment arising from differences in values reported by the
Methods
purchaser and the seller when using Test Method D3787 for
acceptance testing, the statistical bias, if any, between the
1
This test method is under the jurisdiction ofASTM Committee D13 on Textiles
laboratory of the purchaser and the laboratory of the seller
and is the direct responsibility of D13.59 on Fabric Test Methods, General.
should be determined with comparison based on testing speci-
Current edition approved July 1, 2015. Published August 2015. Originally
mens randomly drawn from one sample of material of the type
approvedin2001.Lastpreviouseditionapprovedin2011asD3787–07(2011).DOI:
10.1520/D3787-15.
being evaluated.
2
For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or
NOTE 3—The kind force transfer and strength that occur when knitted
contact ASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM
Standards volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on goods are worn is prevented by clamping them as directed in this test
the ASTM website. method.
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States
1

---------------------- Page: 1 ----------------------
D378
...

This document is not an ASTM standard and is intended only to provide the user of an ASTM standard an indication of what changes have been made to the previous version. Because
it may not be technically possible to adequately depict all changes accurately, ASTM recommends that users consult prior editions as appropriate. In all cases only the current version
of the standard as published by ASTM is to be considered the official document.
Designation: D3787 − 07 (Reapproved 2011) D3787 − 15
Standard Test Method for
Bursting Strength of Textiles—Constant-Rate-of-Traverse
1
(CRT) Ball Burst Test
This standard is issued under the fixed designation D3787; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
This standard has been approved for use by agencies of the U.S. Department of Defense.
1. Scope
1.1 This test method describes the measurement for bursting strength with a ball burst strength tester of textiles or garments that
exhibit a high degree of ultimate elongation.
1.2 The values stated in either SI units or inch-pound units are to be regarded separately as the standard. Within the test, the
inch-pound units are shown in parenthesis.parentheses. The values stated in each system are not exact equivalents; therefore, each
system may be used independently of the other. Combining values from the two systems may result in nonconformance within the
specification.
NOTE 1—For the measurement of bursting strength with a hydraulic testing machine, refer to Test Method D3786.
NOTE 2—Constant Rate of Traverse (CRT) machines and Constant Rate of Extension (CRE) machines have been shown to provide different results.
When using a CRE device, refer to Test Method D6797.
1.3 This standard may involve hazardous materials, operations and equipment. This standard does not purport to address all
of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate
safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.
2. Referenced Documents
2
2.1 ASTM Standards:
D76 Specification for Tensile Testing Machines for Textiles
D123 Terminology Relating to Textiles
D1776 Practice for Conditioning and Testing Textiles
D3786 Test Method for Bursting Strength of Textile Fabrics—Diaphragm Bursting Strength Tester Method
D4850 Terminology Relating to Fabrics and Fabric Test Methods
D6797 Test Method for Bursting Strength of Fabrics Constant-Rate-of-Extension (CRE) Ball Burst Test
3. Terminology
3.1 For all terminology relating to D13.59, Fabric Test Methods, General, refer to Terminology D4850.
3.1.1 The following terms are relevant to this standard: bursting strength, constant–rate-of-traverse (CRT) tensile testing
machine, fabric, knitted, fabric, nonwoven.
3.2 For all other terminology related to textiles, refer to Terminology D123.
4. Summary of Test Method
4.1 A specimen is securely clamped without tension between grooved, circular plates of the ball burst attachment secured to the
pulling (movable) jaw for the constant-rate-of-traverse (CRT) testing machine. A force is exerted against the specimen by a
polished, hardened steel ball that is attached to the pendulum-actuating (fixed) clamp of the machine, until rupture occurs.
1
This test method is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D13 on Textiles and is the direct responsibility of D13.59 on Fabric Test Methods, General.
Current edition approved May 1, 2011July 1, 2015. Published June 2011August 2015. Originally approved in 2001. Last previous edition approved in 20072011 as
D3787D3787–07(2011).–07. DOI: 10.1520/D3787-07R11.10.1520/D3787-15.
2
For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or contact ASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM Standards
volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on the ASTM website.
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States
1

---------------------- Page: 1 ----------------------
D3787 − 15
5. Significance and Use
5.1 This test method for the determination of ball bursting strength of textiles is being used by the textile industry for the
evaluation of a wide variety of fabrics.
5.2 Test results obtained using the procedures in Test Method D3787 have not been correlated with actual performance. Test
Method D3787 is considered satisfactory for acceptance testing of commercial shipments of textiles fabrics for bursting strength
since the method has been used extensively in the trade for acceptance testing. In cases of disagreement arising from differences
in values reported by the purchaser and the seller when using Test Method D3787 for acceptance
...

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4.2 It is recognized that, for purposes of fashion or aesthetics, the ultimate consumer of articles made from these fabrics may find acceptable products that do not conform to all of the requirements listed in Table 1. Therefore, one or more of the requirements in Table 1 may be modified by mutual agreement between the purchaser and the supplier.  
4.2.1 In such cases, any references to the specifications should specify that: “This product meets ASTM specifications XXXX except for the following characteristic(s).”  
4.3 Where no pre-purchase agreement has been reached between the purchaser and supplier, and in case of controversy, the requirements listed in Table 1 are intended to be used as a guide only. As noted in 4.2, ultimate consumer demands dictate varying performance parameters for a particular product.  
4.4 The uses and significance of particular properties and test methods are discussed in the appropriate sections of the specified test methods.
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1.1 This specification covers the performance requirements for woven high stretch fabrics used in apparel.  
1.2 The following safety hazards caveat pertains only to the test methods described in this performance specification: This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.  
1.3 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

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ASTM
ASTM D3512/D3512M-22(Test Method)
Standard Test Method for Pilling Resistance and Other Related Surface Changes of Textile Fabrics: Random Tumble Pilling Tester

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
5.1 Acceptance Testing—This method of testing fabrics for resistance to pilling is not recommended for acceptance testing. If it is used for acceptance testing, it should be used with caution because the between-laboratory precision is poor. In some cases the purchaser and the supplier may have to test a commercial shipment of one or more specific materials by the best available test method, even though the test method is not recommended for acceptance testing.  
5.1.1 If there are differences or practical significance between reported test results for two laboratories (or more), comparative tests should be performed to determine if there is a statistical bias between them, using competent statistical assistance. As a minimum, the test samples should be used that are as homogeneous as possible, drawn from the material from which the disparate test results were obtained, and randomly assigned in equal numbers to each laboratory for testing. Other materials with established test values may be used for this purpose. The test results from the two laboratories should be compared using a statistical test for unpaired data, at a probability level chosen prior to the testing series. If a bias is found, either its cause must be found and corrected, or future test results must be adjusted in consideration of the known bias.  
5.2 The pilling of textile fabrics is a very complex property because it is affected by many factors which may include type of fiber or blends, fiber dimensions, yarn and fabric construction, fabric finishing treatments and refurbishing method. Testing before refurbishing may be adviseable. The pilling resistance of a specific fabric in actual wear varies more with general conditions of use and individual wearers than in replicate fabric specimens subjected to controlled laboratory tests. This experience should be borne in mind when adopting levels of acceptability for any series of standards.  
5.3 Pills vary appreciably in size and appearance and de...
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1.1 This test method covers the determination of the propensity of a fabric to form pills and other related surface changes on textiles using the random tumble pilling tester. The procedure is generally applicable to all types of woven and knitted apparel fabrics.  
Note 1: For other test methods for the pilling resistance of textiles, refer to Test Methods D3511/D3511M, D3514/D3514M, and D4970/D4970M.  
1.2 Some fabrics that have been treated with a silicone resin may not be satisfactorily tested by this procedure because the silicone resin may transfer onto the cork liners in the test chamber and cause erroneous results.  
1.3 The values stated in either SI units or inch-pound units are to be regarded separately as standard. The values stated in each system may not be exact equivalents; therefore, each system shall be used independently of the other. Combining values from the two systems may result in non-conformance with the standard.  
1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.  
1.5 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

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ASTM
ASTM D4970/D4970M-22(Test Method)
Standard Test Method for Pilling Resistance and Other Related Surface Changes of Textile Fabrics: Martindale Tester

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
5.1 Acceptance Testing—This method of testing fabrics resistance to pilling is not recommended for acceptance testing. If it is used for acceptance testing, it should be used with caution because interlaboratory data are not available. In some cases the purchaser or supplier may have to test a commercial shipment of one or more specific materials by the best available method even though the method has not been recommended for acceptance testing. Although this test method is not recommended for acceptance testing, it is useful because it is used widely outside the United States.  
5.2 If there is a disagreement arising from differences in values reported by the purchaser and the supplier when using this test method, the statistical bias, if any, between the laboratory of the purchaser and the laboratory of the supplier should be determined with comparison being based on testing specimens randomly drawn from one sample of material of the type being evaluated. Competent statistical assistance is recommended for the investigation of bias. A minimum of two parties should take a group of test specimens, which are as homogeneous as possible and which are from a lot of material of the type in question. The test specimens then should be assigned randomly in equal numbers to each laboratory for testing. The average test results from the two laboratories should be compared using an acceptable statistical protocol and probability level chosen by the two parties before the testing is started. Appropriate statistical disciplines for comparing data must be used when the purchaser and supplier cannot agree. If a bias is found, either its cause must be found and corrected, or the purchaser and the supplier must agree to interpret future results with consideration for the known bias.  
5.3 The pilling of textile fabrics is a very complex property because it is affected by many factors that include type of fiber or blends, fiber dimensions, yarn and fabric construction, and fabric f...
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1.1 This test method covers the determination of the resistance to the formation of pills and other related surface changes on textile fabrics using the Martindale tester.
Note 1: For other methods, if testing the pilling resistance of textiles, refer to Test Methods D3511/D3511M, D3512/D3512M, and D3514.  
1.2 This test method is generally applicable to knit, woven, and nonwoven fabrics; however, material thickness may limit suitability for testing due to specimen holder capacity.  
1.3 The fabric may be laundered or dry cleaned before testing as agreed upon among interested parties.  
1.4 The values stated in either SI units or inch-pound units are to be regarded separately as standard. The values stated in each system may not be exact equivalents; therefore, each system shall be used independently of the other. Combining values from the two systems may result in non-conformance with the standard.  
1.5 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.  
1.6 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

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ASTM
ASTM D4966-22(Test Method)
Standard Test Method for Abrasion Resistance of Textile Fabrics (Martindale Abrasion Tester Method)

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
5.1 Acceptance Testing—this test method is not considered satisfactory for acceptance testing of commercial shipments of fabric. The between-laboratory precision of this test method is poor and, because of the nature of abrasion testing itself, technicians frequently fail to obtain results in agreement on the same type of testing instrument, both within and between laboratories. Although this test method is not recommended for acceptance testing, it is useful because it is used widely, especially outside the United States.  
5.1.1 In case of a dispute arising from differences in reported test results when using this test method for acceptance testing of commercial shipments, the purchaser and the supplier should conduct comparative tests to determine if there is a statistical bias between their laboratories. Competent statistical assistance is recommended for the investigation of bias. As a minimum, the two parties should take a group of test specimens that are as homogeneous as possible and that are from a lot of material of the type in question. The test specimens then should be assigned randomly in equal numbers to each laboratory for testing. The average results from the two laboratories should be compared using Students t-test for unpaired data and an acceptable probability level chosen by the two parties before the testing is begun. If a bias is found, either its cause must be found and corrected or the purchaser and the supplier must agree to interpret future test results in light of the known bias.  
5.2 The resistance to abrasion also is affected greatly by the conditions of the tests, such as the nature of abradant; variable action of the abradant over the area of specimen abraded, the tension on the specimen, the pressure between the specimen and abradant, and the dimensional changes in the specimen.  
5.3 Abrasion tests are all subject to variation due to changes in the abradant during specific tests. The abradant must be changed accordingly at freque...
SCOPE
1.1 This test method covers the determination of the abrasion resistance of textile fabrics using the Martindale abrasion tester. The method is generally applicable to knit, woven, and nonwoven fabrics; however, material thickness may limit suitability for testing due to specimen holder capacity.  
1.2 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regarded as standard. The values given in parentheses are mathematical conversions to SI units that are provided for information only and are not considered standard.  
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.
Note 1: For other current test methods of testing the abrasion resistance of textiles refer to Test Methods D3884, D3885, D3886, D4157, D4158, and AATCC TM93.  
1.4 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

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