ASTM F1779-08
(Practice)Standard Practice for Reporting Visual Observations of Oil on Water
Standard Practice for Reporting Visual Observations of Oil on Water
SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
This practice can be used by surveillance and tracking staff to report visual observations. The data produced from such observations will provide the basis for preparing maps of the oil-slick location.
This practice provides a procedure for reporting the visual observation of oil on water in a systematic manner and in a common format.
This practice deals with the possibility that materials other than oil might be confused with oil when using visual observation methods.
SCOPE
1.1 This practice covers methods of reporting and recording visual observations of oil on water and related response activities.
1.2 This practice applies only to visual observations of oil on water from an airplane or helicopter. While a similar set of codes could be used for classifying oil on beaches, this subject is not discussed in this practice. It does not cover the use of remote-sensing equipment from aircraft, which is discussed in a separate standard. This does not include observations of dispersed oil.
1.3 This practice is applicable for all types of oil under a variety of environmental and geographical situations.
1.4 Visual observations of oil on water from the air involve a number of safety issues associated with the operation of airplanes or helicopters at low altitudes. These are not dealt with in this practice, but the observer should be aware of the hazards of such operations.
1.5 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. The values in parentheses are mathematical conversions to inch-pound units that are provided for information only and are not considered standard.
1.6 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.
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Designation: F1779 − 08
StandardPractice for
1
Reporting Visual Observations of Oil on Water
This standard is issued under the fixed designation F1779; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision.Anumber in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval.A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope 3. Significance and Use
1.1 Thispracticecoversmethodsofreportingandrecording
3.1 This practice can be used by surveillance and tracking
visual observations of oil on water and related response
staff to report visual observations. The data produced from
activities.
such observations will provide the basis for preparing maps of
the oil-slick location.
1.2 This practice applies only to visual observations of oil
on water from an airplane or helicopter. While a similar set of
3.2 This practice provides a procedure for reporting the
codes could be used for classifying oil on beaches, this subject
visual observation of oil on water in a systematic manner and
is not discussed in this practice. It does not cover the use of
in a common format.
remote-sensing equipment from aircraft, which is discussed in
3.3 This practice deals with the possibility that materials
a separate standard. This does not include observations of
other than oil might be confused with oil when using visual
dispersed oil.
observation methods.
1.3 This practice is applicable for all types of oil under a
variety of environmental and geographical situations.
4. Observational Methods
1.4 Visual observations of oil on water from the air involve
4.1 The basic information needed from a visual observation
a number of safety issues associated with the operation of
program includes the slick size and location, as well as its
airplanes or helicopters at low altitudes. These are not dealt
characteristics and shape. The location (preferably determined
with in this practice, but the observer should be aware of the
by GPS) and some aspects of the effectiveness of a response
hazards of such operations.
operation can be easily determined from an aerial platform.
1.5 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as
Reports on the presence of wildlife and the proximity of oil to
standard. The values in parentheses are mathematical conver-
environmentallysensitiveareasareusefulinformationthatcan
sions to inch-pound units that are provided for information
be generated from overflights.
only and are not considered standard.
4.2 Observers of oil on water will generally use either a
1.6 This standard does not purport to address all of the
helicopter or a small fixed-wing airplane. The planes shall be
safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the
capableofslow-speedflight(120to240km/h;60to120knots)
responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-
for extended periods of time and have good forward and side
priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-
visibility.Theaircraftshallhaveadequaterangeandendurance
bility of regulatory limitations prior to use.
consistent with the size and location of the spill.
2. Referenced Documents 4.3 Standardmapsshallbeprovidedtotheobservers,sothat
their data can be easily transferred to a single map or map set
2
2.1 ASTM Standards:
for reporting and dissemination. The same maps should be
F2534Guide for Visually Estimating Oil Spill Thickness on
used by the command team and the observers.These maps can
Water
be based on marine charts, topographic maps or special maps
produced for the spill. Useful scales vary from 1:10000 to
1:50000. It is difficult to plot information to the required
1
This practice is under the jurisdiction ofASTM Committee F20 on Hazardous
accuracy using maps of a larger scale.
Substances and Oil Spill Responseand is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee
F20.16 on Surveillance and Tracking.
4.4 The flight path shall be shown on all maps. The actual
Current edition approved Sept. 15, 2008. Published September 2008. Originally
flight path should be recorded on GPS and can be transferred
approved in 1997. Last previous edition approved in 2003 as F1779–97 (2003).
DOI: 10.1520/F1779-08.
to the map(s) later. An initial proposed flight path should be
2
For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or
prepared prior to the flight. During the flight, deviations from
contact ASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM
this plan may be necessary in order to observe the total area of
Standards volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on
the ASTM website. the slick.
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States
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This document is not anASTM standard and is intended only to provide the user of anASTM standard an indication of what changes have been made to the previous version. Because
it may not be technically possible to adequately depict all changes accurately, ASTM recommends that users consult prior editions as appropriate. In all cases only the current version
of the standard as published by ASTM is to be considered the official document.
Designation:F1779–97 (Reapproved 2003) Designation: F 1779 – 08
Standard Practice for
1
Reporting Visual Observations of Oil on Water
This standard is issued under the fixed designation F1779; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision.Anumber in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval.A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope
1.1 This practice covers methods of reporting and recording visual observations of oil on water and related activities and
phenomena. response activities.
1.2 This practice applies only to visual observations of oil on water from an airplane or helicopter.While a similar set of codes
couldbeusedforclassifyingoilonbeaches,thissubjectisnotdiscussedinthispractice.Itdoesnotcovertheuseofremote-sensing
equipment from aircraft, which is discussed in a separate standard. This does not include observations of dispersed oil.
1.3 This practice is applicable for all types of oil under a variety of environmental and geographical situations.
1.4 Visualobservationsofoilonwaterfromtheairinvolveanumberofsafetyissuesassociatedwiththeoperationofairplanes
or helicopters at low altitudes. These are not dealt with in this practice, but the observer should be aware of the hazards of such
operations.
1.5This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility
of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory
limitations prior to use.
1.5 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. The values in parentheses are mathematical conversions to
inch-pound units that are provided for information only and are not considered standard.
1.6 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility
of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory
limitations prior to use.
1
This guide is under the jurisdiction ofASTM Committee F20 on Hazardous Substances and Oil Spill Response and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee F20.16
on Surveillance and Tracking.
Current edition approved Feb. 10, 1997. Published April 1997 .
1
ThispracticeisunderthejurisdictionofASTMCommitteeF20onHazardousSubstancesandOilSpillResponseandisthedirectresponsibilityofSubcommitteeF20.16
on Surveillance and Tracking.
Current edition approved Sept. 15, 2008. Published September 2008. Originally approved in 1997. Last previous edition approved in 2003 as F1779–97 (2003).
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959, United States.
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F1779–08
2. Significance and Use
2.1Thispracticecanbeusedbysurveillanceandtrackingstafftoreportvisualobservationstotheclientsofvisualobservations.
The data produced from such observations will provide the basis for preparing maps of the oil-slick location.
2.2This practice provides a procedure for reporting the visual observation of oil on water in a systematic manner and in a
common format that can be readily understood by both observers and users of visual oil-spill observation maps.
2.3Thispracticedealswiththepossibilitythatmaterialsotherthanoilmightbeconfusedwithoilwhenusingvisualobservation
methods. Referenced Documents
2
2.1 ASTM Standards:
F2534 Guide for Visually Estimating Oil Spill Thickness on Water
3. Observational Methods
3.1The basic information needed from a visual observation program includes the slick size and location, as well as its
characteristicsandshape.Thelocationandsomeaspectsoftheeffectivenessofaresponseoperationcanbeeasilydeterminedfrom
an aerial platform. Reports on the presence of wildlife and the proximity of oil to environmentally sensitive areas are useful
information that can be generated from overflights.
3.2Observers of oil on water will generally use either a helicopter or a small fixed-wing airplane. The planes shall be capable
of slow-speed flight (120 to 240 km/h; 60 to 120 knots) for extended periods of time and have good forward and side visibility.
The aircraft shall have adequate range and endurance consistent with the size and location of the spill.
3.3If possible, two observers should be used, one on the port and the other on the starboard side of the aircra
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