ASTM C680-10
(Practice)Standard Practice for Estimate of the Heat Gain or Loss and the Surface Temperatures of Insulated Flat, Cylindrical, and Spherical Systems by Use of Computer Programs
Standard Practice for Estimate of the Heat Gain or Loss and the Surface Temperatures of Insulated Flat, Cylindrical, and Spherical Systems by Use of Computer Programs
SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
Manufacturers of thermal insulation express the performance of their products in charts and tables showing heat gain or loss per unit surface area or unit length of pipe. This data is presented for typical insulation thicknesses, operating temperatures, surface orientations (facing up, down, horizontal, vertical), and in the case of pipes, different pipe sizes. The exterior surface temperature of the insulation is often shown to provide information on personnel protection or surface condensation. However, additional information on effects of wind velocity, jacket emittance, ambient conditions and other influential parameters may also be required to properly select an insulation system. Due to the large number of combinations of size, temperature, humidity, thickness, jacket properties, surface emittance, orientation, and ambient conditions, it is not practical to publish data for each possible case, Refs (31,32).
Users of thermal insulation faced with the problem of designing large thermal insulation systems encounter substantial engineering cost to obtain the required information. This cost can be substantially reduced by the use of accurate engineering data tables, or available computer analysis tools, or both. The use of this practice by both manufacturers and users of thermal insulation will provide standardized engineering data of sufficient accuracy for predicting thermal insulation system performance. However, it is important to note that the accuracy of results is extremely dependent on the accuracy of the input data. Certain applications may need specific data to produce meaningful results.
The use of analysis procedures described in this practice can also apply to designed or existing systems. In the rectangular coordinate system, Practice C680 can be applied to heat flows normal to flat, horizontal or vertical surfaces for all types of enclosures, such as boilers, furnaces, refrigerated chambers and building envelopes. In the cylindrical coordinate sy...
SCOPE
1.1 This practice provides the algorithms and calculation methodologies for predicting the heat loss or gain and surface temperatures of certain thermal insulation systems that can attain one dimensional, steady- or quasi-steady-state heat transfer conditions in field operations.
1.2 This practice is based on the assumption that the thermal insulation systems can be well defined in rectangular, cylindrical or spherical coordinate systems and that the insulation systems are composed of homogeneous, uniformly dimensioned materials that reduce heat flow between two different temperature conditions.
1.3 Qualified personnel familiar with insulation-systems design and analysis should resolve the applicability of the methodologies to real systems. The range and quality of the physical and thermal property data of the materials comprising the thermal insulation system limit the calculation accuracy. Persons using this practice must have a knowledge of the practical application of heat transfer theory relating to thermal insulation materials and systems.
1.4 The computer program that can be generated from the algorithms and computational methodologies defined in this practice is described in Section 7 of this practice. The computer program is intended for flat slab, pipe and hollow sphere insulation systems.
1.5 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regarded as standard. The values given in parentheses are mathematical conversions to SI units that are provided for information only and are not considered standard.
1.6 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.
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Designation: C680 − 10
StandardPractice for
Estimate of the Heat Gain or Loss and the Surface
Temperatures of Insulated Flat, Cylindrical, and Spherical
1
Systems by Use of Computer Programs
This standard is issued under the fixed designation C680; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision.Anumber in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval.A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-
bility of regulatory limitations prior to use.
1.1 This practice provides the algorithms and calculation
methodologies for predicting the heat loss or gain and surface
2. Referenced Documents
temperatures of certain thermal insulation systems that can
2
2.1 ASTM Standards:
attain one dimensional, steady- or quasi-steady-state heat
C168Terminology Relating to Thermal Insulation
transfer conditions in field operations.
C177Test Method for Steady-State Heat Flux Measure-
1.2 Thispracticeisbasedontheassumptionthatthethermal
ments and Thermal Transmission Properties by Means of
insulation systems can be well defined in rectangular, cylindri-
the Guarded-Hot-Plate Apparatus
cal or spherical coordinate systems and that the insulation
C335TestMethodforSteady-StateHeatTransferProperties
systems are composed of homogeneous, uniformly dimen-
of Pipe Insulation
sioned materials that reduce heat flow between two different
C518Test Method for Steady-State Thermal Transmission
temperature conditions.
Properties by Means of the Heat Flow Meter Apparatus
C585Practice for Inner and Outer Diameters of Thermal
1.3 Qualified personnel familiar with insulation-systems
design and analysis should resolve the applicability of the Insulation for Nominal Sizes of Pipe and Tubing
C1055Guide for Heated System Surface Conditions that
methodologies to real systems. The range and quality of the
physicalandthermalpropertydataofthematerialscomprising Produce Contact Burn Injuries
C1057Practice for Determination of Skin ContactTempera-
the thermal insulation system limit the calculation accuracy.
Persons using this practice must have a knowledge of the ture from Heated Surfaces Using a Mathematical Model
and Thermesthesiometer
practical application of heat transfer theory relating to thermal
insulation materials and systems. 2.2 Other Document:
NBS Circular 564Tables of Thermodynamic and Transport
1.4 The computer program that can be generated from the
Properties of Air, U.S. Dept of Commerce
algorithms and computational methodologies defined in this
practiceisdescribedinSection7ofthispractice.Thecomputer
3. Terminology
program is intended for flat slab, pipe and hollow sphere
3.1 Definitions:
insulation systems.
3.1.1 For definitions of terms used in this practice, refer to
1.5 Thevaluesstatedininch-poundunitsaretoberegarded
Terminology C168.
as standard. The values given in parentheses are mathematical
3.1.2 thermal insulation system—forthispractice,athermal
conversions to SI units that are provided for information only
insulation system is a system comprised of a single layer or
and are not considered standard.
layers of homogeneous, uniformly dimensioned material(s)
1.6 This standard does not purport to address all of the
intended for reduction of heat transfer between two different
safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the temperature conditions. Heat transfer in the system is steady-
responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-
state. Heat flow for a flat system is normal to the flat surface,
and heat flow for cylindrical and spherical systems is radial.
3.2 Symbols:
1
This practice is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee C16 on Thermal
Insulation and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee C16.30 on Thermal
2
Measurement. For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or
Current edition approved Nov. 1, 2010. Published March 2010. Originally contact ASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM
approved in 1971. Last previous edition approved in 2008 as C680-08. DOI: Standards volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on
10.1520/C0680-10. the ASTM website.
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States
1
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C680 − 10
3.2.1 Thefollowingsymbolsareusedinthedevelopmentof addition, interested parties can develop computer programs
the equations for this practice. Other symbols will be intro- from the computational procedures for specific applications
duced and defined in the detailed description of the develop- andforoneormoreofthethreecoordinatesystemsco
...
This document is not anASTM standard and is intended only to provide the user of anASTM standard an indication of what changes have been made to the previous version. Because
it may not be technically possible to adequately depict all changes accurately, ASTM recommends that users consult prior editions as appropriate. In all cases only the current version
of the standard as published by ASTM is to be considered the official document.
Designation:C680–08 Designation: C680 – 10
Standard Practice for
Estimate of the Heat Gain or Loss and the Surface
Temperatures of Insulated Flat, Cylindrical, and Spherical
1
Systems by Use of Computer Programs
This standard is issued under the fixed designation C680; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision.Anumber in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval.A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope
1.1 This practice provides the algorithms and calculation methodologies for predicting the heat loss or gain and surface
temperatures of certain thermal insulation systems that can attain one dimensional, steady- or quasi-steady-state heat transfer
conditions in field operations.
1.2 This practice is based on the assumption that the thermal insulation systems can be well defined in rectangular, cylindrical
or spherical coordinate systems and that the insulation systems are composed of homogeneous, uniformly dimensioned materials
that reduce heat flow between two different temperature conditions.
1.3 Qualified personnel familiar with insulation-systems design and analysis should resolve the applicability of the
methodologies to real systems. The range and quality of the physical and thermal property data of the materials comprising the
thermal insulation system limit the calculation accuracy. Persons using this practice must have a knowledge of the practical
application of heat transfer theory relating to thermal insulation materials and systems.
1.4 The computer program that can be generated from the algorithms and computational methodologies defined in this practice
isdescribedinSection7ofthispractice.Thecomputerprogramisintendedforflatslab,pipeandhollowsphereinsulationsystems.
1.5 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regarded as standard. The values given in parentheses are mathematical
conversions to SI units that are provided for information only and are not considered standard.
1.6 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility
of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory
limitations prior to use.
2. Referenced Documents
2
2.1 ASTM Standards:
C168 Terminology Relating to Thermal Insulation
C177 Test Method for Steady-State Heat Flux Measurements and Thermal Transmission Properties by Means of the
Guarded-Hot-Plate Apparatus
C335 Test Method for Steady-State Heat Transfer Properties of Pipe Insulation
C518 Test Method for Steady-State Thermal Transmission Properties by Means of the Heat Flow Meter Apparatus
C585 Practice for Inner and Outer Diameters of Thermal Insulation for Nominal Sizes of Pipe and Tubing
C1055 Guide for Heated System Surface Conditions that Produce Contact Burn Injuries
C1057 Practice for Determination of Skin Contact Temperature from Heated Surfaces Using a Mathematical Model and
Thermesthesiometer
2.2 Other Document:
NBS Circular 564 Tables of Thermodynamic and Transport Properties of Air, U.S. Dept of Commerce
3. Terminology
3.1 Definitions—For definitions of terms used in this practice, refer to Terminology C168.
3.1.1 thermal insulation system—for this practice, a thermal insulation system is a system comprised of a single layer or layers
of homogeneous, uniformly dimensioned material(s) intended for reduction of heat transfer between two different temperature
1
ThispracticeisunderthejurisdictionofASTMCommitteeC16onThermalInsulationandisthedirectresponsibilityofSubcommitteeC16.30onThermalMeasurement.
´4
Current edition approved Aug. 1, 2008. Published September 2008. Originally approved in 1971. Last previous edition approved in 2004 as C680-04 . DOI:
10.1520/C0680-08.
CurrenteditionapprovedNov.1,2010.PublishedMarch2010.Originallyapprovedin1971.Lastpreviouseditionapprovedin2008asC680-08.DOI:10.1520/C0680-10.
2
ForreferencedASTMstandards,visittheASTMwebsite,www.astm.org,orcontactASTMCustomerServiceatservice@astm.org.For Annual Book of ASTM Standards
volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on the ASTM website.
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959, United States.
1
---------------------- Page: 1 ----------------------
C680 – 10
conditions. Heat transfer in the system is steady-state. Heat flow for a flat system is normal to the
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