ASTM E1972-98

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An American National Standard
Designation: E 1972 – 98
Standard Practice for
Minimizing Effects of Aerosols in the Wet Metal Removal
Environment
This standard is issued under the fixed designation E 1972; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (e) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope Metal Working Fluid Optimization Guide, National Center
for Manufacturing Sciences
1.1 This practice sets forth guidelines for minimizing effects
Metal Removal Fluids, A Guide To Their Management and
of aerosols in the wet metal removal environment.
Control, Organization Resources Counselors, Inc.
1.2 This practice incorporates all practical means and
Industrial Ventilation: A Manual of Recommended Prac-
mechanisms to minimize aerosol generation and to control
tice.
effects of aerosols in the wet metal removal environment.
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the
3. Terminology
safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the
3.1 For definitions and terms relating to this guide, refer to
responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-
Terminology D 1356 and E 1542.
priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-
3.2 Definitions of Terms Specific to This Standard:
bility of regulatory limitations prior to use.
3.2.1 dilution ventilation, n—referring to the supply and
2. Referenced Documents exhaust of air with respect to an area, room, or building, the
dilution of contaminated air with uncontaminated air for the
2.1 ASTM Standards:
purpose of controlling potential health hazards, fire and explo-
D 1356 Terminology Relating to Sampling and Analysis of
sion conditions, odors, and nuisance type contaminants, from
Atmospheres
Industrial Ventilation: A Manual of Recommended Practice.
E 1302 Guide for Acute Animal Toxicity Testing of Water-
3.2.2 extractable mass, n—the material removed by liquid
Miscible Metalworking Fluids
extraction of the sampling filter using a mixed-polarity solvent
E 1370 Guide for Air Sampling Strategies for Worker and
mixture as described in Test Method PS 42.
Workplace Protection
3.2.2.1 Discussion—This mass is an approximation of the
E 1497 Practice for Safe Use of Water-Miscible Metalwork-
metal removal fluid portion of the workplace aerosol.
ing Fluids
3.2.3 metal removal fluids, n—the subset of metalworking
E 1542 Terminology Relating to Occupational Health and
2 fluids that are used for wet machining or grinding to produce
Safety
the finished part.
PS 42 Provisional Test Method for Metal Removal Fluid
2 3.2.3.1 Discussion—Metal removal fluids addressed by this
Aerosol in Workplace Atmospheres
guide include straight or neat oils, not intended for further
2.2 OSHA (US Occupational Safety and Health Adminis-
3 dilution with water, and soluble oils, semisynthetics, and
tration) Standards:
synthetics, all of which are intended to be diluted with water
29 CFR 1910.134 Use of Respiratory in the Workplace
before use.
29 CFR 1910.1200 Hazard Communication
3.2.4 metal removal fluid aerosol, n—Aerosol generated by
2.3 Other Documents:
operation of the machine tool itself as well as from circulation
ANSI Technical Report B11 TR 2–1997, Mist Control
and filtration systems associated with wet metal removal
Considerations for the Design, Installation and Use of
operations and may include airborne contaminants of a micro-
Machine Tools Using Metalworking Fluids
bial origin.
1 5
This guide is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee E34 on Occupational Available from National Center for Manufacturing Sciences, Report
Health and Safety and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee E34.50 on Health 0274RE95, 3025 Boardwalk, Ann Arbor, MI 48018.
and Safety Standards for Metalworking Fluids. Available from Organization Resources Counselors, 1910 Sunderland Place,
Current edition approved September 10, 1998. Published December 1998. NW., Washington, DC 20036 or from members of the Metal Working Fluid Product
2 SM
Annual Book of ASTM Standards, Vol 11.03. Stewardship Group (MWFPSG ). Contact Independent Lubricant Manufacturers
Code of Federal Regulations available from United States Government Printing Association, 651 S. Washington Street, Alexandria, VA 22314, for a list of members
SM
Office, Washington, DC 20402. of the MWFPSG .
4 7
Available from Association for Manufacturing Technology, 7901 Westpark Available from American Conference of Governmental Industrial Hygienists,
Drive, McLean VA 22102. 1330 Kemper Meadow Drive, Cincinnati, OH 45240-1634.
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959, United States.
E1972–98
3.2.4.1 Discussion—Metal removal fluid aerosol does not cedures to assess the acute toxicity of water-miscible metal-
include background aerosol in the workplace atmosphere, working fluids as manufactured. Review the material safety
which may include suspended insoluble particulate. data sheet, required by 29 CFR 1910.1200, for health and
3.2.5 total particulate matter, n—the mass of material safety information for the metal removal fluids being consid-
sampled through the 4-mm inlet of a standard 37-mm filter ered for the operation.
cassette when operated at 2.0 L/min, as described in Test 6.4 With due consideration for available engineering con-
Method PS 42.
trols, select fluids that minimize components that may be
3.2.5.1 Discussion—As defined in Test Method PS 42, total irritating or may produce objectionable odors.
particulate matter is not a measure of the inhalable or thoracic
6.5 As the concentration of metal removal fluid in the
particulate mass.
machining system sump or reservoir increases, the level of
chemicals in the metal removal fluid aerosol increases and the
4. Significance and Use
net exposure is greater. Maintaining proper metal removal fluid
concentration while in use enhances machining performance
4.1 Use of this practice will minimize occupational expo-
and minimizes exposure potential.
sure to aerosols in the wet metal removal environment.
4.2 Excessive exposures to metal removal fluid aerosols are
7. Machine Tool Design, Selection, and Maintenance
associated with machinist complaints of respiratory irritation.
4.3 Through implementation of this practice and incorpora-
7.1 ANSI B-11 TR 2-1997 provides guidance concerning
tion of a metal removal fluid management program, appropri-
consideration for the design of metalworking fluid delivery
ate product selection, appropriate machine tool design, selec-
systems, of machine tools, of machine enclosures for the
tion, and maintenance, and control of microorganisms, users
control of airborne contaminants, of exhaust ductwork from
should be able to minimize complaints of machinist respiratory
machine tool enclosures, and of mist collectors, and guidelines
irritation.
for testing collection systems. Users of this practice should be
well-versed in these considerations and implement them when
5. Metal Removal Fluid Management
practical where occupational exposures to metal removal fluids
is expected to occur.
5.1 Management of metal removal processes is the most
7.2 Design metal removal fluid delivery systems to mini-
important step in minimizing exposure to metal removal fluid
mize generation of metal removal fluid aerosols. For transfer
aerosols. As factors affecting aerosol generation are interde-
line machines, as the earliest operation in the line is often the
pendent, a systems approach to metal removal process man-
heaviest cut, early operations may contribute most to metal
agement will be the most effective approach.
removal fluid aerosol generation.
5.2 Aerosolization of metal removal fluids may result in
airborne exposure not only to the formulated components of 7.3 Maintain metalworking fluid delivery system compo-
the fluid, but also to contaminants introduced into the fluid nents, including pumps. Leaking seal packing, leaking me-
systems while in use, including microbial contaminants. chanical seals, and leaking ports in delivery pumps entrain air
5.3 Establish a metal removal fluid control program. Addi- in the metal removal fluid, significantly increasing aerosol
tional detailed guidance may be found in Practice E 1497 and generation.
in Metal Removal Fluids, A Guide To Their Management and
7.4 Cover flumes and other sources of aerosol generation.
Control. Consult with your metal removal fluid suppliers. Vent them to the metal removal fluid reservoir, if feasible, to
minimize release of aerosol or to maintain negative pressure.
6. Product Selection
7.5 Select new machining and grinding equipment with
enclosures and appropriate ventilation that minimizes genera-
6.1 Fluids vary in their misting characteristics. Select fluids
tion of metal removal fluid aerosols in the workplace
...