ASTM D2879-23
(Test Method)Standard Test Method for Vapor Pressure-Temperature Relationship and Initial Decomposition Temperature of Liquids by Isoteniscope
Standard Test Method for Vapor Pressure-Temperature Relationship and Initial Decomposition Temperature of Liquids by Isoteniscope
SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
5.1 The vapor pressure of a substance as determined by isoteniscope reflects a property of the sample as received including most volatile components, but excluding dissolved fixed gases such as air. Vapor pressure, per se, is a thermodynamic property which is dependent only upon composition and temperature for stable systems. The isoteniscope method is designed to minimize composition changes which may occur during the course of measurement.
SCOPE
1.1 This test method covers the determination of the vapor pressure of pure liquids, the vapor pressure exerted by mixtures in a closed vessel at 40 % ± 5 % ullage, and the initial thermal decomposition temperature of pure and mixed liquids. It is applicable to liquids that are compatible with borosilicate glass and that have a vapor pressure between 133 Pa (1.0 torr) and 101.3 kPa (760 torr) at the selected test temperatures. The test method is suitable for use over the range from ambient to 623 K. The temperature range may be extended to include temperatures below ambient provided a suitable constant-temperature bath for such temperatures is used.
Note 1: The isoteniscope is a constant-volume apparatus and results obtained with it on other than pure liquids differ from those obtained in a constant-pressure distillation.
1.2 Most petroleum products boil over a fairly wide temperature range, and this fact shall be recognized in discussion of their vapor pressures. Even an ideal mixture following Raoult's law will show a progressive decrease in vapor pressure as the lighter component is removed, and this is vastly accentuated in complex mixtures such as lubricating oils containing traces of dewaxing solvents, etc. Such a mixture may well exert a pressure in a closed vessel of as much as 100 times that calculated from its average composition, and it is the closed vessel which is simulated by the isoteniscope. For measurement of the apparent vapor pressure in open systems, Test Method D2878, is recommended.
1.3 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. The values given in parentheses after SI units are provided for information only and are not considered standard.
1.4 WARNING—Mercury has been designated by many regulatory agencies as a hazardous substance that can cause serious medical issues. Mercury, or its vapor, has been demonstrated to be hazardous to health and corrosive to materials. Use caution when handling mercury and mercury-containing products. See the applicable product Safety Data Sheet (SDS) for additional information. The potential exists that selling mercury or mercury-containing products, or both, is prohibited by local or national law. Users must determine legality of sales in their location.
1.5 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use. For specific warning statements, see 6.10, 6.12, and Annex A2.
1.6 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
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This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the
Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
Designation: D2879 − 23
Standard Test Method for
Vapor Pressure-Temperature Relationship and Initial
1
Decomposition Temperature of Liquids by Isoteniscope
This standard is issued under the fixed designation D2879; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
This standard has been approved for use by agencies of the U.S. Department of Defense.
1. Scope* onstrated to be hazardous to health and corrosive to materials.
Use caution when handling mercury and mercury-containing
1.1 This test method covers the determination of the vapor
products. See the applicable product Safety Data Sheet (SDS)
pressure of pure liquids, the vapor pressure exerted by mixtures
for additional information. The potential exists that selling
in a closed vessel at 40 % 6 5 % ullage, and the initial thermal
mercury or mercury-containing products, or both, is prohibited
decomposition temperature of pure and mixed liquids. It is
by local or national law. Users must determine legality of sales
applicable to liquids that are compatible with borosilicate glass
in their location.
and that have a vapor pressure between 133 Pa (1.0 torr) and
1.5 This standard does not purport to address all of the
101.3 kPa (760 torr) at the selected test temperatures. The test
safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the
method is suitable for use over the range from ambient to
responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-
623 K. The temperature range may be extended to include
priate safety, health, and environmental practices and deter-
temperatures below ambient provided a suitable constant-
mine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.
temperature bath for such temperatures is used.
For specific warning statements, see 6.10, 6.12, and Annex A2.
NOTE 1—The isoteniscope is a constant-volume apparatus and results
1.6 This international standard was developed in accor-
obtained with it on other than pure liquids differ from those obtained in a
dance with internationally recognized principles on standard-
constant-pressure distillation.
ization established in the Decision on Principles for the
1.2 Most petroleum products boil over a fairly wide tem-
Development of International Standards, Guides and Recom-
perature range, and this fact shall be recognized in discussion
mendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical
of their vapor pressures. Even an ideal mixture following
Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
Raoult’s law will show a progressive decrease in vapor
pressure as the lighter component is removed, and this is vastly
2. Referenced Documents
accentuated in complex mixtures such as lubricating oils
2
2.1 ASTM Standards:
containing traces of dewaxing solvents, etc. Such a mixture
D2878 Test Method for Estimating Apparent Vapor Pres-
may well exert a pressure in a closed vessel of as much as 100
sures and Molecular Weights of Lubricating Oils
times that calculated from its average composition, and it is the
D4175 Terminology Relating to Petroleum Products, Liquid
closed vessel which is simulated by the isoteniscope. For
Fuels, and Lubricants
measurement of the apparent vapor pressure in open systems,
E230 Specification for Temperature-Electromotive Force
Test Method D2878, is recommended.
(emf) Tables for Standardized Thermocouples
1.3 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as
standard. The values given in parentheses after SI units are
3. Terminology
provided for information only and are not considered standard.
3.1 Definitions:
1.4 WARNING—Mercury has been designated by many
3.1.1 For definitions of terms used in this test method, refer
regulatory agencies as a hazardous substance that can cause
to Terminology D4175.
serious medical issues. Mercury, or its vapor, has been dem-
3.2 Definitions of Terms Specific to This Standard:
3.2.1 ullage, n—that percentage of a closed system which is
filled with vapor.
1
This test method is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D02 on
Petroleum Products, Liquid Fuels, and Lubricants and is the direct responsibility of
Subcommittee D02.L0.07 on Engineering Sciences of High Performance Fluids and
2
Solids (Formally D02.1100). For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or
Current edition approved Dec. 1, 2023. Published December 2023. Originally contact ASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM
approved in 1970. Last previous edition appr
...
This document is not an ASTM standard and is intended only to provide the user of an ASTM standard an indication of what changes have been made to the previous version. Because
it may not be technically possible to adequately depict all changes accurately, ASTM recommends that users consult prior editions as appropriate. In all cases only the current version
of the standard as published by ASTM is to be considered the official document.
Designation: D2879 − 18 D2879 − 23
Standard Test Method for
Vapor Pressure-Temperature Relationship and Initial
1
Decomposition Temperature of Liquids by Isoteniscope
This standard is issued under the fixed designation D2879; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
This standard has been approved for use by agencies of the U.S. Department of Defense.
1. Scope*
1.1 This test method covers the determination of the vapor pressure of pure liquids, the vapor pressure exerted by mixtures in a
closed vessel at 40 % 6 5 % ullage, and the initial thermal decomposition temperature of pure and mixed liquids. It is applicable
to liquids that are compatible with borosilicate glass and that have a vapor pressure between 133 Pa (1.0 torr) and 101.3 kPa
(760 torr) at the selected test temperatures. The test method is suitable for use over the range from ambient to 623 K. The
temperature range may be extended to include temperatures below ambient provided a suitable constant-temperature bath for such
temperatures is used.
NOTE 1—The isoteniscope is a constant-volume apparatus and results obtained with it on other than pure liquids differ from those obtained in a
constant-pressure distillation.
1.2 Most petroleum products boil over a fairly wide temperature range, and this fact shall be recognized in discussion of their
vapor pressures. Even an ideal mixture following Raoult’s law will show a progressive decrease in vapor pressure as the lighter
component is removed, and this is vastly accentuated in complex mixtures such as lubricating oils containing traces of dewaxing
solvents, etc. Such a mixture may well exert a pressure in a closed vessel of as much as 100 times that calculated from its average
composition, and it is the closed vessel which is simulated by the isoteniscope. For measurement of the apparent vapor pressure
in open systems, Test Method D2878, is recommended.
1.3 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. The values given in parentheses after SI units are provided for
information only and are not considered standard.
1.4 WARNING—Mercury has been designated by many regulatory agencies as a hazardous substance that can cause serious
medical issues. Mercury, or its vapor, has been demonstrated to be hazardous to health and corrosive to materials. Use
Cautioncaution when handling mercury and mercury-containing products. See the applicable product Safety Data Sheet (SDS) for
additional information. The potential exists that selling mercury or mercury-containing products, or both, is prohibited by local or
national law. Users must determine legality of sales in their location.
1.5 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility
of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of
regulatory limitations prior to use. For specific warning statements, see 6.10, 6.12, and Annex A2.
1
This test method is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D02 on Petroleum Products, Liquid Fuels, and Lubricants and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee
D02.L0.07 on Engineering Sciences of High Performance Fluids and Solids (Formally D02.1100).
Current edition approved Dec. 1, 2018Dec. 1, 2023. Published December 2018December 2023. Originally approved in 1970. Last previous edition approved in 20102018
as D2879 – 10.D2879 – 18. DOI: 10.1520/D2879-18.10.1520/D2879-23.
*A Summary of Changes section appears at the end of this standard
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States
1
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D2879 − 23
1.6 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization
established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued
by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
2. Referenced Documents
2
2.1 ASTM Standards:
D2878 Test Method for Estimating Apparent Vapor Pressures and Molecular Weights of Lubricating Oils
D4175 Terminology Relating to Petroleum Products, Liquid Fuels, and Lubricants
E230 S
...
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