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ASTM C680-04e4

(Practice)

Standard Practice for Estimate of the Heat Gain or Loss and the Surface Temperatures of Insulated Flat, Cylindrical, and Spherical Systems by Use of Computer Programs

Standard Practice for Estimate of the Heat Gain or Loss and the Surface Temperatures of Insulated Flat, Cylindrical, and Spherical Systems by Use of Computer Programs

SCOPE
1.1 This practice provides the algorithms and calculation methodologies for predicting the heat loss or gain and surface temperatures of certain thermal insulation systems that can attain one dimensional, steady- or quasi-steady-state heat transfer conditions in field operations.
1.2 This practice is based on the assumption that the thermal insulation systems can be well defined in rectangular, cylindrical or spherical coordinate systems and that the insulation systems are composed of homogeneous, uniformly dimensioned materials that reduce heat flow between two different temperature conditions.
1.3 Qualified personnel familiar with insulation-systems design and analysis should resolve the applicability of the methodologies to real systems. The range and quality of the physical and thermal property data of the materials comprising the thermal insulation system limit the calculation accuracy. Persons using this practice must have a knowledge of the practical application of heat transfer theory relating to thermal insulation materials and systems.
1.4 The computer program that can be generated from the algorithms and computational methodologies defined in this practice is described in Section of this practice. The computer program is intended for flat slab, pipe and hollow sphere insulation systems. An executable version of a program based on this standard may be obtained from ASTM.
1.5 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regarded as the standard. The values given in parentheses are for information only.
This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.

General Information

Status
Historical
Publication Date
30-Apr-2004
ICS
27.220 - Heat recovery. Thermal insulation
Technical Committee
C16 - Thermal Insulation
Drafting Committee
C16.30 - Thermal Measurement
Current Stage
Ref Project

Relations

Replaces
ASTM C680-04e3 - Standard Practice for Estimate of the Heat Gain or Loss and the Surface Temperatures of Insulated Flat, Cylindrical, and Spherical Systems by Use of Computer Programs
Effective Date
01-May-2004
Replaced By
ASTM C680-08 - Standard Practice for Estimate of the Heat Gain or Loss and the Surface Temperatures of Insulated Flat, Cylindrical, and Spherical Systems by Use of Computer Programs
Effective Date
01-Aug-2008
Referred By
ASTM C1045-19 - Standard Practice for Calculating Thermal Transmission Properties Under Steady-State Conditions
Effective Date
01-May-2004
Referred By
ASTM C1129-17 - Standard Practice for Estimation of Heat Savings by Adding Thermal Insulation to Bare Valves and Flanges
Effective Date
01-May-2004
Referred By
ASTM C592-22a - Standard Specification for Mineral Fiber Blanket Insulation and Blanket-Type Pipe Insulation (Metal-Mesh Covered) (Industrial Type)
Effective Date
01-May-2004
Referred By
ASTM C547-22a - Standard Specification for Mineral Fiber Pipe Insulation
Effective Date
01-May-2004
Referred By
ASTM C1055-20 - Standard Guide for Heated System Surface Conditions that Produce Contact Burn Injuries
Effective Date
01-May-2004
Referred By
ASTM C1774-13(2019) - Standard Guide for Thermal Performance Testing of Cryogenic Insulation Systems
Effective Date
01-May-2004
Referred By
ASTM C1057-22 - Standard Practice for Determination of Skin Contact Temperature from Heated Surfaces Using a Mathematical Model and Thermesthesiometer
Effective Date
01-May-2004
Referred By
ASTM C1696-20 - Standard Guide for Industrial Thermal Insulation Systems
Effective Date
01-May-2004
Referred By
ASTM C1371-15(2022) - Standard Test Method for Determination of Emittance of Materials Near Room Temperature Using Portable Emissometers
Effective Date
01-May-2004
Referred By
ASTM C892-19 - Standard Specification for High-Temperature Fiber Blanket Thermal Insulation
Effective Date
01-May-2004
Referred By
ASTM C553-13(2019) - Standard Specification for Mineral Fiber Blanket Thermal Insulation for Commercial and Industrial Applications
Effective Date
01-May-2004
Referred By
ASTM F683-23 - Standard Practice for Selection and Application of Thermal Insulation for Piping and Machinery
Effective Date
01-May-2004
Referred By
ASTM C1393-19 - Standard Specification for Perpendicularly Oriented Mineral Fiber Roll and Sheet Thermal Insulation for Pipes and Tanks
Effective Date
01-May-2004

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ASTM C680-04e4 - Standard Practice for Estimate of the Heat Gain or Loss and the Surface Temperatures of Insulated Flat, Cylindrical, and Spherical Systems by Use of Computer ProgramsASTM C680-04e4 - Standard Practice for Estimate of the Heat Gain or Loss and the Surface Temperatures of Insulated Flat, Cylindrical, and Spherical Systems by Use of Computer Programs
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ASTM C680-04e4 - Standard Practice for Estimate of the Heat Gain or Loss and the Surface Temperatures of Insulated Flat, Cylindrical, and Spherical Systems by Use of Computer Programs
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Standards Content (Sample)

NOTICE: This standard has either been superseded and replaced by a new version or withdrawn.
Contact ASTM International (www.astm.org) for the latest information
e4
Designation: C 680 – 04
Standard Practice for
Estimate of the Heat Gain or Loss and the Surface
Temperatures of Insulated Flat, Cylindrical, and Spherical
1
Systems by Use of Computer Programs
This standard is issued under the fixed designation C680; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision.Anumber in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval.A
superscript epsilon (e) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1
e NOTE—Footnote 3 was editorially revised in November 2004.
2
e NOTE—TableA1.1 was editorially corrected in August 2005.
3
e NOTE—Footnote 3 and Section 2.3 were editorially deleted in September 2006.
4
e NOTE— Table A1.1 was editorially corrected in June 2007.
1. Scope priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-
bility of regulatory limitations prior to use.
1.1 This practice provides the algorithms and calculation
methodologies for predicting the heat loss or gain and surface
2. Referenced Documents
temperatures of certain thermal insulation systems that can
2
2.1 ASTM Standards:
attain one dimensional, steady- or quasi-steady-state heat
C168 Terminology Relating to Thermal Insulating Materi-
transfer conditions in field operations.
als
1.2 Thispracticeisbasedontheassumptionthatthethermal
C177 Test Method for Steady-State Heat Flux Measure-
insulation systems can be well defined in rectangular, cylindri-
ments and Thermal Transmission Properties by Means of
cal or spherical coordinate systems and that the insulation
the Guarded Hot Plate Apparatus
systems are composed of homogeneous, uniformly dimen-
C335 Test Method for Steady-State Heat Transfer Proper-
sioned materials that reduce heat flow between two different
ties of Horizontal Pipe Insulation
temperature conditions.
C518 Test Method for Steady-State Heat Flux Measure-
1.3 Qualified personnel familiar with insulation-systems
ments and Thermal Transmission Properties by Means of
design and analysis should resolve the applicability of the
the Heat Flow Meter Apparatus
methodologies to real systems. The range and quality of the
C585 Practice for Inner and Outer Diameters of Rigid
physical and thermal property data of the materials comprising
Thermal Insulation for Nominal Sizes of Pipe and Tubing
the thermal insulation system limit the calculation accuracy.
(NPS System)
Persons using this practice must have a knowledge of the
C1055 Guide for Heated System Surface Conditions That
practical application of heat transfer theory relating to thermal
Produce Contact Burn Injuries
insulation materials and systems.
C1057 Practice for Determination of Skin Contact Tem-
1.4 The computer program that can be generated from the
perature from Heated Surfaces Using a Mathematical
algorithms and computational methodologies defined in this
Model and Thermesthesiometer
practiceisdescribedinSection7ofthispractice.Thecomputer
2.2 Other Document:
program is intended for flat slab, pipe and hollow sphere
NBS Circular 564 Tables of Thermodynamic and Transport
insulation systems.An executable version of a program based
Properties of Air, U.S. Dept of Commerce
on this standard may be obtained from ASTM.
1.5 Thevaluesstatedininch-poundunitsaretoberegarded
3. Terminology
as the standard. The values given in parentheses are for
3.1 Definitions—For definitions of terms used in this prac-
information only.
tice, refer to Terminology C168.
1.6 This standard does not purport to address all of the
3.1.1 thermal insulation system—forthispractice,athermal
safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the
insulation system is a system comprised of a single layer or
responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-
layers of homogeneous, uniformly dimensioned material(s)
1
This practice is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee C16 on Thermal
2
Insulation and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee C16.30 on Thermal For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or
Measurement. contact ASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM
Current edition approved May 1, 2004. Published June 2004. Originally Standards volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on
approved in 1971. Last previous edition approved in 2003 as C680-03a. the ASTM website.
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959, United States.
1

---------------------- Page: 1 ----------------------
e4
C680–04
intended for reduction of heat transfer between two different (4,5,20,21,22,30). Heat flux solutions are derived for tempera-
temperature conditions. Heat transfer in the system is steady- ture dependent thermal conductivity in a material. Algorithms
state. Hea
...

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SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
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This specification covers the standard for all metal prefabricated, reflective insulation systems for equipment and piping operating at temperatures above ambient in air proposed for use in nuclear power-generating plants and industrial plants. The insulation unit is a rigid, self-contained, prefabricated metal construction made of an inner and outer casing arranged to form a rigid assembly with separated air spaces between the inner and outer casing and the individual reflective liners. The reflective insulation described herein is limited to systems of insulating units, designed to fit the equipment or piping to be insulated. The units shall be manufactured from metals that are in accordance with the thermal, physical, and chemical requirements not only of the insulation as unit, but also as an assembly of units forming the insulation system.
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1.1 This specification covers the requirements for all metal prefabricated, reflective insulation systems for equipment and piping operating in air at temperatures above ambient. Typical applications are in nuclear power-generating plants and industrial plants.  
1.2 Reflective insulation is thermal insulation that reduces radiant heat transfer across spaces by the use of surfaces of high reflectance and low emittance.  
1.3 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regarded as standard. The values given in parentheses are mathematical conversions to SI units that are provided for information only and are not considered standard.  
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ASTM C592-22a(Specification)
Standard Specification for Mineral Fiber Blanket Insulation and Blanket-Type Pipe Insulation (Metal-Mesh Covered) (Industrial Type)

ABSTRACT
This specification covers mineral fiber blanket insulation and blanket-type pipe insulation (metal-mesh covered) (industrial type). Mineral fiber metal-mesh covered blanket shall be composed of rock, slag, or glass processed from the molten state into fibrous form, bonded with or without an organic binder, and secured with metallic supporting facing(s). Types of facings for one or both sides of blanket units shall be specified. When both sides are to be faced, units are permitted to have the same or different types on the two sides. Each piece of metal-mesh covered insulation shall be coherent to permit handling/transportation and installation as a unit. A detectable odor of objectionable nature recorded by more than two of the five panel members shall constitute rejection of the material. When tested and evaluated, the corrosion resulting from the unfaced insulation blanket in contact with metal plates shall be judged to be no greater than comparative plates in contact with sterile cotton. The averaged maximum shot content of mineral fiber rock or slag type products shall not exceed 30 % by weight. When tested, the blanket insulation shall not warp, flame, or glow during hot surface exposure. When tested, the blanket mid-point temperature shall not at any time exceed the hot surface temperature by more than 100°F (55.5°C). When tested, the blanket insulation shall not exceed the recorded temperature rise more than 54°F (30°C) with no flaming and weight loss exceeding 5 %.
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1.5 See Supplementary Requirements for modifications to sections in this standard only when specified by purchaser in the contract or order from the U.S. Military specifications utilized by the U.S. Department of Defense, Department of the Navy, and the Naval Systems Command.  
1.6 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regarded as standard. The values given in parentheses are mathematical conversions to SI units that are provided for information only and are not considered standard.  
1.7 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.  
1.8 This international standard was developed in accordance with internatio...

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ASTM
ASTM C585-22(Practice)
Standard Practice for Inner and Outer Diameters of Thermal Insulation for Nominal Sizes of Pipe and Tubing

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
4.1 The purpose of this practice is to ensure satisfactory fit on standard sizes, to accommodate radial expansion of pipes and tubes which are heated after being insulated, and to minimize the number of insulation sizes and thicknesses to be manufactured and stocked.  
4.2 While it is possible to manufacturer insulation to these recommended dimensions, exercise care in attempting to nest layers of different materials, or layers supplied by different manufacturers. Individual manufacturing processes will operate at slightly different tolerances. While the product will fit the pipe, it is possible that it will not readily nest as the outer layer between the different materials, or with a different manufacturer, and possibly the same manufacturer. Exercise care to determine these differences before specifying or ordering nesting sizes.  
4.3 The wide range of outer diameter dimensional tolerances will prevent many pipe and tube insulations from nesting for staggered joints or double layered applications, or both unless specified when ordered from the manufacturer, distributor, or fabricator.  
4.4 Dimensions in accordance with this practice do not necessarily permit application of one thickness of pipe insulation over another (Nesting or Simplified Dimensional System) to obtain total thicknesses greater than those manufactured as single layer, or for multilayer application when desired.  
FIG. 3 Hinged Section Measurement Location
SCOPE
1.1 This practice is intended as a dimensional standard for preformed thermal insulation for pipes and tubing.  
1.2 This practice covers insulation supplied in cylindrical sections and lists recommended single layer inner and outer diameters of insulation having nominal wall thicknesses from 1/2 to 5 in. (13 to 127 mm) to fit over standard sizes of pipe and tubing.  
1.3 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regarded as the standard. The values stated in SI units are provided for information only.  
1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.  
1.5 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

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