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ASTM D7239-06

(Specification)

Standard Specification for Hybrid Geosynthetic Paving Mat for Highway Applications

Standard Specification for Hybrid Geosynthetic Paving Mat for Highway Applications

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1.1 This is a material specification covering hybrid geosynthetic paving mats typically used for, but not limited to, use in joint and localized (spot) pavement repairs; and paving mats intended for curb-to-curb coverage to provide a moisture barrier for the pavement structure and retard reflective cracking in bituminous overlays. They are typically non-woven in construction. This is a material purchasing specification and design review of use is recommended.
1.2 This is not a construction or design specification. This specification is based on hybrid geosynthetic paving mat survivability from installation stresses. The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as the standard.
1.3 For purposes of determining conformance to this specification, values for length or area shall be rounded to the nearest 0.1 m or 0.1 m2, respectively. Values for mass shall be rounded to the nearest gram, and for force to the nearest Newton, and volume to the nearest 0.01 L, in accordance with the rounding method in Practice E 29.
1.4 The text of this standard references notes and footnotes that provide explanatory material. These notes and footnotes (excluding those in tables) shall not be considered as requirements of the standard.
1.5 Specific safety recommendations are presented in Section .
This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.

General Information

Status
Historical
Publication Date
14-Mar-2006
ICS
59.080.70 - Geotextiles
Technical Committee
D35 - Geosynthetics
Drafting Committee
D35.03 - Permeability and Filtration
Current Stage
Ref Project

Relations

Replaced By
ASTM D7239-06(2011) - Standard Specification for Hybrid Geosynthetic Paving Mat for Highway Applications
Effective Date
01-Jun-2011

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ASTM D7239-06 - Standard Specification for Hybrid Geosynthetic Paving Mat for Highway ApplicationsASTM D7239-06 - Standard Specification for Hybrid Geosynthetic Paving Mat for Highway Applications
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ASTM D7239-06 - Standard Specification for Hybrid Geosynthetic Paving Mat for Highway Applications
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NOTICE: This standard has either been superseded and replaced by a new version or withdrawn.
Contact ASTM International (www.astm.org) for the latest information
Designation: D7239 – 06
Standard Specification for
Hybrid Geosynthetic Paving Mat for Highway Applications
This standard is issued under the fixed designation D7239; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope D276 Test Methods for Identification of Fibers in Textiles
D4354 Practice for Sampling of Geosynthetics for Testing
1.1 This is a material specification covering hybrid geosyn-
D4439 Terminology for Geosynthetics
thetic paving mats typically used for, but not limited to, use in
D4759 Practice for Determining the Specification Confor-
joint and localized (spot) pavement repairs; and paving mats
mance of Geosynthetics
intended for curb-to-curb coverage to provide a moisture
D4873 Guide for Identification, Storage, and Handling of
barrierforthepavementstructureandretardreflectivecracking
Geosynthetic Rolls and Samples
in bituminous overlays. They are typically non-woven in
D5035 Test Method for Breaking Force and Elongation of
construction. This is a material purchasing specification and
Textile Fabrics (Strip Method)
design review of use is recommended.
D5261 Test Method for Measuring Mass per Unit Area of
1.2 This is not a construction or design specification. This
Geotextiles
specification is based on hybrid geosynthetic paving mat
D6140 Test Method to Determine Asphalt Retention of
survivability from installation stresses. The values stated in SI
Paving Fabrics Used in Asphalt Paving for Full-Width
units are to be regarded as the standard.
Applications
1.3 For purposes of determining conformance to this speci-
E29 Practice for Using Significant Digits in Test Data to
fication, values for length or area shall be rounded to the
Determine Conformance with Specifications
nearest 0.1 m or 0.1 m , respectively. Values for mass shall be
rounded to the nearest gram, and for force to the nearest
3. Terminology
Newton, and volume to the nearest 0.01 L, in accordance with
3.1 Definition of Terms—For definitions of terms relating to
the rounding method in Practice E29.
geotextiles, refer to Terminology D4439. For definitions of
1.4 The text of this standard references notes and footnotes
other terms relating to textiles, refer to Terminology D123.
that provide explanatory material. These notes and footnotes
3.2 Definition of Term Specific to This Standard:
(excluding those in tables) shall not be considered as require-
3.2.1 hybrid geosynthetic paving mat, n—a planar product
ments of the standard.
manufactured from primarily inorganic materials used as an
1.5 Specific safety recommendations are presented in
integral part of a man-made project, structure, or system. It is
Section 6.
primarily intended for, but not limited to bituminous paving
1.6 This standard does not purport to address all of the
applications.
safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the
responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-
4. Classification
priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-
4.1 Type—Five types of hybrid geosynthetic paving mats
bility of regulatory limitations prior to use.
are covered in this specification as follows:
2. Referenced Documents 4.1.1 Type I—A single layer non-woven paving mat of 136
2 g/m unit weight intended for curb-to-curb repaving of bitu-
2.1 ASTM Standards:
minous or Portland cement concrete pavements with hot mix
D123 Terminology Relating to Textiles
asphaltic concrete meeting the requirements of Table 1.
4.1.2 Type IIx—A uniaxial high-strength hybrid geosyn-
This specification is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D35 on
theticpavingmatconsistingofaTypeImatplusreinforcement
Geosynthetics and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee D35.03 on Perme-
strands in the machine direction. The reinforcement strands
ability and Filtration.
shall be attached onto the base paving mat, and the inorganic
Current edition approved March 15, 2006. PublishedApril 2006. DOI: 10.1520/
D7239-06.
fabric shall meet the physical properties requirements of Table
For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or
1. This material is intended for localized or spot repairs during
contact ASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM
the repaving of bituminous or Portland cement concrete
Standards volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on
the ASTM website. pavements with hot mix asphalt concrete.
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959, United States.
D7239 – 06
TABLE 1 Hybrid Geosynthetic Paving Mat Property
6.1.2 When mechanically altering product (mechanical
A
Requirements
transfer, crushing, grinding, milling or other similar dust
Type Type Type Type
generatingprocesses).Userespiratoryprotectioninaccordance
Property Test Method Units
B
I II III IV
with your company’s respiratory protection program, local
C
Breaking Strength ASTM D5035 N/50 mm 200 3250 400 3250
regulations and OSHA regulations under 29 CFR 1910.134.
C
Ultimate Elongation ASTM D5035 % # 5 # 10 # 10 # 10
6.2 Skin Protection—Normal work clothing (long sleeved
Mass per Unit Area ASTM D5261 g/m 125 300 300 450
2 D,ED,ED,ED,E
Asphalt Retention ASTM D6140 L/m shirts and long pants) is recommended. Use gloves. Skin
Melting Point ASTM D276 °C 205 205 205 205
irritation is known to occur chiefly at the pressure points such
A
All numeric values represent MARV in the weaker principal direction.
as around the neck, wrists, waist, and between the fingers.
B
Strength measurement minimum shall represent the direction of the reinforc-
6.3 Eyes/Face Protective Equipment—Wear safety glasses
ing fibers in the Type II product.
C
Sample length: 250 mm. Sample width: 50 mm. Gauge length: 180 mm. or goggles.
Crosshead speed: 50 mm/min.
D
Asphalt required to saturate paving mat only. Asphalt retention must be
7. Materials and Manufacture
provided in manufacturer certification (refer to Section 15). Value does not indicate
the asphalt application rate required for construction.
7.1 Fibers used in the manufacture of hybrid geosynthetic
E
Asphalt retention property must meet the MARV value provided by the
paving mats may be inorganic or a combination of inorganic
manufacturer certification (refer to Section 15).
and organic fibers, and shall not melt at temperatures below
205°C (400°F). Any threads used in joining paving mats by
4.1.3 Type IIy—A uniaxial high-strength hybrid geosyn-
sewing or knitting shall consist of long-chain synthetic poly-
theticpavingmatconsistingofaTypeImatplusreinforcement
mers, and shall also be heat stable to temperatures of 205°C
strands in the cross direction. The reinforcement strands shall
(400°F). They shall be formed into a stable network such that
be attached onto the base paving mat, and the inorganic fabric
the filaments or yarns retain their dimensional stability relative
shallmeetthephysicalpropertiesrequirementsofTable1.This
to each other, including selvages.
material is intended for localized or spot repairs during the
repavingofbituminousorPortlandcementconcretepavements
8. Mechanical Properties
with hot mix asphalt concrete.
8.1 All property values in these specifications represent
4.1.4 Type III—Amultidirectionalhigh-strengthhybridgeo-
minimum average roll values (MARV; that is, average test
synthetic paving mat consisting of a Type I mat plus reinforce-
results of any roll in a lot sampled for conformance or quality
mentstrandsthatarerandomlyorientedonthepavingmat.The
assurance testing shall meet or exceed the minimum values
reinforcement shall be attached onto the base paving mat, and
provided herein).
the inorganic fabric shall meet the physical properties require-
mentsofTable1.Thismaterialisintendedforlocalizedorspot
9. Dimensions, Mass, and Permissible Variations
repairs during the repaving of bituminous or Po
...

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4.1 The use of reinforced geomembranes as barrier materials has created a need for a standard test method to evaluate the quality of seams produced by thermo-fusion methods. This test method is used for quality control purposes and is intended to provide quality control and quality assurance personnel with data to evaluate seam quality.  
4.2 This standard arose from the need for a destructive test method for evaluating seams of reinforced geomembranes. Standards written for destructive testing of nonreinforced geomembranes do not include all break codes (Fig. 1) applicable to reinforced geomembranes.
FIG. 1 Break Codes for Dual Hot Wedge and Hot Air Seams of Reinforced Geomembranes Tested for Seam Strength in Shear and Peel Modes  
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1.2 The types of thermal field and factory seaming techniques used to construct geomembrane seams include the following:  
1.2.1 Hot Air—This technique introduces high-temperature air between two geomembrane surfaces to facilitate melting. Pressure is applied to the top or bottom geomembrane, forcing together the two surfaces to form a continuous bond.  
1.2.2 Hot Wedge—This technique melts the two geomembrane surfaces to be seamed by running a hot metal wedge between them. Pressure is applied to the top and bottom geomembrane to form a continuous bond. Some seams of this kind are made with dual tracks separated by a non-bonded gap. These seams are sometimes referred to as dual hot wedge seams or double-track seams.  
1.2.3 Extrusion—This technique encompasses extruding molten resin between two geomembranes or at the edge of two overlapped geomembranes to effect a continuous bond.  
1.2.4 Radio Frequency (RF) or Dielectric—High-frequency dielectric equipment is used to generate heat and pressure to form an overlap seam in factory fabrication.  
1.2.5 Impulse—Clamping bars heated by wires or a ribbon melt the sheets clamped between them. A cooling period while still clamped allows the polymer to solidify before being released.  
1.3 The types of materials covered by this test method include, but are not limited to, reinforced geomembranes made from the following polymers:  
1.3.1 Very low-density polyethylene (VLDPE).  
1.3.2 Linear low-density polyethylene (LLDPE).  
1.3.3 Flexible polypropylene (fPP).  
1.3.4 Polyvinyl chloride (PVC).  
1.3.5 Chlorosulfonated polyethylene (CSPE).  
1.3.6 Ethylene interpolymer alloy (EIA).  
1.4 Units—The values stated in either SI units or inch-pound units are to be regarded separately as standard. The values stated in each system may not be exact equivalents; therefore, each system shall be used independently of the other. Combining values from the two systems may result in nonconformance with the standard.  
1.5 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish ap...

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ASTM
ASTM D5820-95(2023)(Practice)
Standard Practice for Pressurized Air Channel Evaluation of Dual-Seamed Geomembranes

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
5.1 The increased use of geomembranes as barrier materials to restrict liquid or gas movement, and the common use of dual-track seams in joining these sheets, has created a need for a standard nondestructive test by which the quality of the seams can be assessed for continuity and watertightness. The test is not intended to provide any indication of the physical strength of the seam.  
5.2 This practice recommends an air pressure test within the channel created between dual-seamed tracks whereby the presence of unbonded sections or channels, voids, nonhomogenities, discontinuities, foreign objects, and the like, in the seamed region can be identified.  
5.3 This technique is intended for use on seams between geomembrane sheets formulated from the appropriate polymers and compounding ingredients to form a plastic or elastomer sheet material that meets all specified requirements for the end use of the product.
SCOPE
1.1 This practice covers a nondestructive evaluation of the continuity of parallel geomembrane seams separated by an unwelded air channel. The unwelded air channel between the two distinct seamed regions is sealed and inflated with air to a predetermined pressure. Long lengths of seam can be evaluated by this practice more quickly than by other common nondestructive tests.  
1.2 This practice should not be used as a substitute for destructive testing. Used in conjunction with destructive testing, this method can provide additional information regarding the seams undergoing testing.  
1.3 This practice supercedes Practice D4437/D4437M for geomembrane seams that include an air channel. Practice D4437/D4437M may continue to be used for other types of seams. The user is referred to the referenced standards or to EPA/530/SW-91/051 for additional information regarding geomembrane seaming techniques and construction quality assurance.  
1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.  
1.5 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

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ASTM D5887/D5887M-23(Test Method)
Standard Test Method for Measurement of Index Flux Through Saturated Geosynthetic Clay Liner Specimens Using a Flexible Wall Permeameter

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
5.1 This test method yields the flux of water through a saturated GCL specimen that is consolidated, hydrated, and permeated under a prescribed set of conditions.  
5.2 This test method can be performed to determine if the flux of a GCL specimen exceeds the maximum value stated by the manufacturer.  
5.3 This test method can be used to determine the variation in flux within a sample of GCL by testing a number of different specimens.  
5.4 This test method does not provide a flux value to be used directly in design calculations.
Note 1: Flux for in-service conditions depends on a number of factors, including confining pressure, type of hydration fluid, degree of hydration, degree of saturation, type of permeating fluid, and hydraulic gradient. Correlation between flux values obtained with this test method and flux through GCLs subjected to in-service conditions has not been fully investigated.  
5.5 This test method does not provide a value of hydraulic conductivity. Although hydraulic conductivity can be determined in a manner similar to the method described in this test method, the thickness of the specimen is needed to calculate hydraulic conductivity. This test method does not include procedures for measuring the thickness of the GCL nor of the clay component within the GCL. Refer to Appendix X2 for calculation of hydraulic conductivity.  
5.6 The apparatus used in this test method is commonly used to determine the hydraulic conductivity of soil specimens. However, flux values measured in this test are typically much lower than those commonly measured for most natural soils. It is essential that the leakage rate of the apparatus used in this test be less than 10 % of the flux.
SCOPE
1.1 This test method covers an index test that covers laboratory measurement of flux through saturated geosynthetic clay liner (GCL) specimens using a flexible wall permeameter.  
1.2 This test method is applicable to GCL products having geotextile backing(s). It is not applicable to GCL products with geomembrane backing(s), geofilm backing(s), or polymer coating backing(s).  
1.3 This test method provides a measurement of flux under a prescribed set of conditions that can be used for manufacturing quality control. The test method can also be used to check conformance. The flux value determined using this test method is not considered to be representative of the in-service flux of GCLs.  
1.4 The values stated in either SI units or inch-pound units are to be regarded separately as standard. The values stated in each system are not necessarily exact equivalents; therefore, to ensure conformance with the standard, each system shall be used independently of the other, and values from the two systems shall not be combined.  
1.5 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.  
1.6 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

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