ASTM D7296-06

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Designation:D7296–06
Standard Practice for
Collection of Settled Dust Samples Using Dry Wipe
Sampling Methods for Subsequent Determination of
Beryllium and Compounds
This standard is issued under the fixed designation D7296; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope 2. Referenced Documents
1.1 This practice covers the collection of settled dust con- 2.1 ASTM Standards:
taining beryllium and/or beryllium compounds on surfaces D1356 Terminology Relating to Sampling and Analysis of
using the dry wipe sampling method. These samples are Atmospheres
collected in a manner that will permit subsequent extraction D4840 Guide for Sample Chain-of-Custody Procedures
and determination of beryllium and compounds in the wipes D6966 Practice for Collection of Settled Dust Samples
using laboratory analysis techniques such as atomic spectrom- Using Wipe Sampling Methods for Subsequent Determi-
etry or fluorescence detection. nation of Metals
1.2 Thispracticeislimitedinitsscopetoapplicationswhere D7144 Practice for Collection of Surface Dust by Micro-
wetted wipe sampling (using Practice D6966) or vacuum vacuum Sampling for Subsequent Metals Determination
sampling (using Practice D7144) is not physically feasible (for E1792 Specification for Wipe Sampling Materials for Lead
example, if the surface to be wiped would be compromised by in Surface Dust
use of wetted wipes).
3. Terminology
1.3 This practice does not address the sampling design
3.1 For definitions of terms not listed here, seeTerminology
criteria (that is, sampling plan which includes the number and
location of samples) that are used for clearance, hazard D1356.
3.2 Definitions:
evaluation, risk assessment, and other purposes.To provide for
valid conclusions, sufficient numbers of samples should be 3.2.1 batch, n—a group of field or quality control (QC)
obtained as directed by a sampling plan. samples that are collected or processed together at the same
time using the same reagents and equipment.
1.4 This practice contains notes that are explanatory and are
not part of the mandatory requirements of this practice. 3.2.2 sampling location, n—a specific area within a sam-
pling site that is subjected to sample collection.
1.5 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as
standard. 3.2.2.1 Discussion—Multiple sampling locations are com-
monly designated for a single sampling site (see 3.2.3).
1.6 This standard does not purport to address all of the
safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the 3.2.3 sampling site, n—alocalgeographicareathatcontains
the sampling locations (see 3.2.2).
responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-
priate safety and health practices and determine the applica- 3.2.3.1 Discussion—A sampling site is generally limited to
an area that is easily covered by walking.
bility of regulatory limitations prior to use.
3.2.4 dry wipe, n—a suitable non-wetted wiping medium.
1 2
This practice is under the jurisdiction ofASTM Committee D22 onAir Quality For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or
andisthedirectresponsibilityofSubcommitteeD22.04onWorkplaceAtmospheres. contact ASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM
Current edition approved Oct. 1, 2006. Published October 2006. DOI: 10.1520/ Standards volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on
D7296-06. the ASTM website.
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959, United States.
D7296–06
settled dust, while a smaller sampling area (for example, 10 cm by 10 cm)
3.2.4.1 Discussion—These are to be distinguished from
may be appropriate for surfaces with high levels of visible settled dust. It
wipes as defined in Practice D6966 and Specification E1792,
is recommended to have a suite of templates with various sampling
which are wet wipes.
dimensions.
3.3 Definitions of Terms Specific to This Standard:
6.2 Dry Wipes, for collection of settled dust samples from
3.3.1 field blank, n—a dry wipe (see 3.2.4) that is exposed
surfaces. The background metal(s) content of the dry wipes
to the same handling as field samples except that no sample is
should be as low as possible. At a maximum, the background
collected (no surface is actually wiped).
level of beryllium shall be no more than one-tenth the target
3.3.1.1 Discussion—Analysis results from field blanks pro-
concentration to be measured. Variability of background levels
vide information on the analyte background level in the dry
of beryllium shall not exceed ten times the standard deviation
wipe, combined with the potential contamination experienced
of the mean background level. Dry wipe materials shall be
bysamplescollectedwithinthebatch(see3.2.1)resultingfrom
compatible with the anticipated sample preparation and analy-
handling.
sis methods.
4. Summary of Practice
NOTE 2—Characteristics of dry wipe materials, such as hardness,
4.1 Wipe samples of settled dust are collected on surfaces
porosity, and thickness, may affect collection efficiency. Quantitative
laboratory filter paper, or wipe media with demonstrated equivalent or
from areas of known dimensions with dry wipes satisfying
superior performance, should be used. Consistent use of a single material
certain requirements, using a specified pattern of wiping.
is recommended because use of multiple materials may produce widely
4.2 The collected dry wipes are then ready for subsequent
varyingresults. ForICP-AESanalysis,drywipesshouldbeeitherwholly
sample preparation and analysis for the measurement of
soluble or wholly insoluble when using the selected sample preparation
beryllium and compounds.
method. This is because partially dissolved wipes can make subsequent
handling of sample solutions difficult, or they can cause analytical errors
5. Significance and Use
due to matrix mismatches between sample solutions and calibration
solutions, or both. Partially dissolved wipes may be acceptable as long as
5.1 Thispracticeisintendedforthecollectionofsettleddust
theundissolvedremnantleavesanintactskeleton(thatis,ofwovenfabric)
samples for the subsequent measurement of beryllium and
that does not adversely affect the sample solution. If the sample prepara-
compounds. The practice is meant for use in the collection of
tion method selected involves quantitative transfer of the sample solution
settled dust samples that are of interest in clearance, hazard
to volumetric glassware prior to analysis, the wipes used for sampling
evaluation, risk assessment, and other purposes.
should be completely soluble when using the chosen sample preparation
5.2 This practice is intended solely for the collection of method.
settled dust samples from hard, relatively smooth nonporous
6.3 Sample Containers, sealable, rigid-walled, 15-mL mini-
surfaces that may be compromised by water or other wetting
mum volume.
agentsandthatarethereforenotsuitableforwetwipesampling
NOTE 3—Screw-top plastic centrifuge tubes are an example of a
using Practice D6966 or micro-vacuum sampling using Prac-
suitable rigid-walled sample container.
tice D7144. Use of this practice for any purpose other than the
NOTE 4—Use of sealable plastic bags for holding and transporting the
intended purpose is discouraged due to the limited collection
settled dust wipe samples is not recommended due to the potential loss of
efficiency and high variability of dry wipe sampling as com-
collected dust within the plastic bags during transportation and laboratory
pared to wetted wipe or micro-vacuum sampling .
handling. Quantitative removal and processing of the settled dust wipe
5.3 This practice is less effective for collecting settled dust sample by the laboratory is significantly improved through the use of
sealable rigid-walled containers.
samples from surfaces with substantial texture such as rough
concrete,brickwork,texturedceilings,andsoftfibroussurfaces
6.4 Measuring Tool, tape or ruler, capable of measuring to
such as upholstery and carpeting. Micro-vacuum sampling
the nearest 60.1 cm.
using Practice D7144 may be more suitable for these surfaces.
6.5 Plastic Gloves, powderless.
6.6 Cleaning Cloths, for cleaning of templates and other
6. Apparatus
equipment.
6.1 Sampling Templates—One or more of the following: 10
NOTE 5—WetwipesthatcomplywithSpecificationE1792maybeused
cm by 10 cm (minimum dimensions) reusable or disposable
for cleaning templates and other sampling equipment as long as they are
aluminum or plastic template(s), or disposable cardboard
allowed to dry thoroughly before use. Other cleaning cloths or wipes not
templates, (full-square, rectangular, square “U-shaped,” rect-
meeting those requirements may also be suitable for this purpose.
angular “U-shaped,” or “L-shaped,” or both); or templates of
6.7 Adhesive Tape, suitable for securing the template(s) to
alternative areas having accurately known dimensions (see
the surface(s) to be sampled, and for demarcating sampling
Note 1). Templates shall be capable of lying flat on a surface.
areas if templates are not used.
NOTE 1—For most surfaces, it is recommended to collect settled dust
NOTE 6—Masking tape, for example, functions well for these purposes.
from a minimum surface area of 100 cm to provide sufficient material for
subsequentlaboratoryanalysis.However,largerareas(forexample,30cm
6.8 Disposable Shoe Covers, optional.
by 30 cm) may be appropriat
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