ASTM F1120-87(2004)

NOTICE: This standard has either been superseded and replaced by a new version or withdrawn.
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An American National Standard
Designation: F1120 – 87 (Reapproved 2004)
Standard Specification for
Circular Metallic Bellows Type Expansion Joints for Piping
Applications
This standard is issued under the fixed designation F1120; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope Standards of the Expansion Joint Manufacturer’s Associa-
tion
1.1 This specification establishes the minimum require-
2.4 Pipe Fabrication Institute Standard:
ments for the mechanical design, manufacture, inspection, and
ES-3 Fabrication Tolerances
testing of circular metallic bellows-type expansion joints used
to absorb the dimensional changes resulting from piping
3. Terminology Definitions
thermal expansion or contraction, as well as the movement of
3.1 Expansion joint definitions shall be in accordance with
terminal equipment and supporting structures.
those in the EJMA standards.
1.2 Additional or better features, over and above the mini-
3.2 double expansion joint—expansion joint consisting of
mum requirements set by this specification, are not prohibited
two bellows joined by a common connector.
by this specification.
3.2.1 Discussion—The common connector is anchored to
1.3 The layout of many piping systems provides inherent
some rigid part of the installation by means of an anchor base.
flexibility through natural changes in direction so that any
The anchor base may be attached to the common connector
displacements produce primarily bending or torsional strains,
either at installation or at time of manufacture. Each bellows
within acceptable limits. Where the system lacks this inherent
acts as a single expansion joint and absorbs the movement of
flexibility the designer should then consider adding flexibility
the pipe section in which it is installed independently of the
through the use of metallic bellows-type expansion joints.
other bellows.
1.4 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regarded
3.3 gimbal expansion joint—expansion joint designed to
as the standard. The values given in parentheses are for
permit angular rotation in any plane by the use of two pairs of
information only.
hinges affixed to a common floating gimbal ring.
2. Referenced Documents 3.3.1 Discussion—The gimbal ring, hinges, and pins are
2 designed to restrain the thrust of the expansion joint as a result
2.1 ANSI Standards:
of internal pressure and extraneous forces, where applicable.
B16.5 Pipe Flanges and Flanged Fittings
3.4 hinged expansion joint—expansion joint containing one
B16.25 Butt Welding Ends
bellowdesignedtopermitangularrotationinoneplaneonlyby
B31.1 Power Piping Code
3 the use of a pair of pins through hinge plates attached to the
2.2 ASME Standards:
expansion joint ends.
Section VIII, Division 1, Pressure Vessels
3.4.1 Discussion—The hinges and hinge pins are designed
Section IX, Welding and Brazing Qualifications
to restrain the thrust of the expansion joint as a result of
2.3 EJMA Standard:
internal pressure and extraneous forces. Hinged expansion
joints should be used in sets of two or three to function
This specification is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee F25 on Ships
properly.
and Marine Technology and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee F25.11 on
3.5 pressure balanced expansion joint—expansion joint de-
Machinery and Piping Systems.
signed to absorb axial movement or lateral deflection, or both,
Current edition approved Nov. 1, 2004. Published November 2004. Originally
approved in 1987. Last previous edition approved in 1998 as F1120 – 87 (1998).
while restraining the pressure thrust by means of tie devices
DOI: 10.1520/F1120-87R04.
interconnecting the flow bellows with an opposed bellows also
Available fromAmerican National Standards Institute (ANSI), 25 W. 43rd St.,
subjected to line pressure.
4th Floor, New York, NY 10036.
3.5.1 Discussion—This type of expansion joint is intended
Available from American Society of Mechanical Engineers (ASME), ASME
International Headquarters, Three Park Ave., New York, NY 10016-5990.
for use where a change of direction occurs in a run of piping.
Available from Expansion Joint Manufacturer’s Association, 25 N. Broadway,
Tarrytown, NY 10591. The Standards of the Expansion Joint Manufacturer’s
Association are a collection of standards developed by this industry and published Available from Pipe Fabrication Institute, 1326 Freeport Rd., Pittsburgh,
in one volume, herein called EJMA Standards. PA 15238.
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959, United States.
F1120 – 87 (2004)
Theflowendofapressurebalancedexpansionjointsometimes 4.2.10 External Cover—To protect personnel having close
contains two bellows separated by a common connector, in accesstothebellows,whenthermalinsulationistobeaddedin
which case it is called a universal pressure balanced expansion the field, or when external mechanical damage is possible (see
joint. 6.5).
3.6 single expansion joint—simplest form of expansion 4.2.11 End Fittings—The type of end connections such as
joint, consisting of single bellows construction, designed to flanged, threaded, or others to match the mating piping or
absorb all movement of the pipe section in which it is installed. terminal equipment.
3.7 swing expansion joint—expansion joint designed to 4.2.12 Accessories—Specify what accessories are required
absorb lateral deflection or angular rotation, or both, in one and the conditions under which they operate. Consider items
plane. such as insulation lugs, tie, limit, or control rods, pantographic
3.7.1 Discussion—Pressure thrust and extraneous forces are linkages, trunions, gimbals, drains, purge connections, anchor
restrained by the use of a pair of swing bars, each of which is bases, and interply monitoring devices.
pinned to the expansion joint ends. 4.2.13 Dimensional Limitations—If space limitations exist,
3.8 universal expansion joint—expansion joint containing specify the maximum overall length, maximum outside diam-
two bellows joined by a common connector for the purpose of eter, minimum inside diameter, and installation tolerances.
absorbing any combination of axial movement, lateral deflec- 4.2.14 Operating Forces—Specify calculated bellows
tion, and angular rotation. spring forces and pressure thrust forces if they are required for
3.8.1 Discussion—Universal expansion joints are usually subsequent anchor design or other piping systems analysis. If
furnishedwithcontrolrodstodistributethemovementbetween there are maximum allowable values, these must also be
the two bellows of the expansion joint and stabilize the specified.
common connector. 4.2.15 Installation Position—horizontal, vertical (flow up
or down). Specify if liner drainage holes are required.
4. Ordering Information
4.2.16 Cycle Life Requirements—Specify an anticipated
4.1 An expansion joint is a unique product and must be
number of thermal cycles over the intended life of the
specifically designed for the intended service. It is the respon-
expansion joint.
sibility of the piping system designer to supply sufficient
4.2.17 Testing Requirements—Specify testing requirements
engineering data necessary for the complete design. The
in addition to the hydrostatic test required by 9.4 (for example,
information compiled by the piping system designer must be
vacuum testing, testing at operating temperature).
complete and contain all pertinent data detailing the conditions
4.2.18 Inspection Requirements—Specify inspection re-
under which the expansion joint is expected to operate.
quirements in addition to the inspection required by Section 9
4.2 Orders for each expansion joint shall include the fol-
(that is, radiographic, fluorescent penetrant, or mass spectrom-
lowing information:
eter).
4.2.1 Title, designation number, and latest revision of this
4.2.19 Piping Code Requirements—Specify any piping or
specification.
design code that must be used as the basis for design in
4.2.2 Size—The nominal pipe diameter or specific ducting
addition to those specified in 5.2.
diameter.
4.2.20 Special Requirements—Specify the magnitude of
4.2.3 Type of Expansion Joint—single, double, universal,
specialsystemconditionssuchasvibration,shock,orhydraulic
guided, hinged, gimbal, swing, or pressure balanced.
surge.
4.2.4 Flow Characteristics:
4.2.21 Shipping Requirements—Specify whether special
4.2.4.1 Flow Medium—indicate whether the medium is gas
packing is required including protection for extended outside
or liquid.
storage, export handling, or special lifting considerations for
4.2.4.2 Flow velocity, medium density, or viscosity, or
heavy or large assemblies.
combination thereof.
4.2.22 PipingDrawing—Inadditiontospecifyingtheabove
4.2.4.3 Flow direction.
information it would be beneficial to provide a drawing of the
4.2.5 Pressure in psig (N/mm )—design, operating, and test
proposed piping system.
pressures.
4.2.23 Supplementary Requirements—Specify any addi-
4.2.6 Temperaturein°F(°C)—design,operating,andinstal-
tional requirements not identified herein.
lation temperatures.
4.3 Fig. 1 and Fig. 2 should be used as a guide in ordering
4.2.7 Movement—axial (extension, compression); lateral
expansion joints to this specification.
(single plane, multiplane); angular; torsional (to be avoided).
5. Materials and Manufacture
Differentiate between start-up, operational, or field installation
tolerance movements. 5.1 Materials:
4.2.8 Materials—Material types (including that for the bel- 5.1.1 Pressure-containing parts shall be manufactured from
lows) shall be specified by the purchaser (see 5.1 for material material specifications and grades listed in Section VIII,
restrictions). Division1,oftheASMECodeorANSIB31.1.Endconnection
4.2.9 Internal Liner—Liner shall be specified when needed material shall have in service properties similar to the bellows
because of flow velocity or other flow conditions. Specific material. Flanges shall meet ANSI B16.5.
criteria for liners is shown in Section C-3 of the EJMA 5.1.2 All other materials of construction shall be of the type
Standards (see 6.6). specified by the user and shall conform to anASTM orASME
F1120 – 87 (2004)
FIG. 1 Standard Expansion Joint Specification Sheet
F1120 – 87 (2004)
FIG. 2 Supplemental Specification Sheet (To Be Used With Standard Expansion Joint Specification Sheet)
F1120 – 87 (2004)
material specification. Materials not identified by the ordering velocity exceeds 75 % of the velocity calculated using Section
data shall be of the manufacturer’s standard and of the same C-3.1.4 of the EJMA Standards.
quality used for the intended purpose in commercial practice.
5.1.3 Materials used shall be free from defects that would 7. Dimensions and Permissible Variations
adversely affect the performance of the expansion joint.
7.1 Dimensional tolerances on completed expansion joint
5.1.4 All material incorporated in the work covered by this
assemblies shall be in accordance with Section D-2.9 of the
specification shall be new. The use of rebuilt or used products
EJMA Standards and Standard ES-3 of the Pipe Fabricating
is not allowed under this specification.
Institute.
5.1.5 Materials for hinge or gimbal hardware, or other
sliding parts, shall be chosen to minimize galling of the
8. Workmanship, Finish, and Appearance
contacting parts.
8.1 The quality of workmanship shall be such as to produce
5.2 Manufacture:
a product that is in accordance with the requirements of this
5.2.1 Expansion joints shall be designed and fabricated in
specification and ensures the proper functioning of all parts of
accordance with requirements set forth in the ordering data and
the unit.
the EJMA Standards.
8.2 The bellows shall be manufactured and carefully
5.2.2 Nonstandard flanges shall be designed and fabricated
handled to prevent surface flaws or deep scratches from being
in accordance with Appendix 2 of Section VIII, Division 1, of
generated.The surface condition of the completed joint assem-
the ASME Code. Flanges machined from plate shall not be
bly shall be free from injurious surface discontinuities and any
used at pressures exceeding 150 psi (1034 kPa) and tempera-
contaminants that would affect the operation of the assembly.
tures exceeding 450°F (232°C). Hubbed flanges machined
8.3 On completion of fabrication, and before shipment, the
from plate or bar stock shall meet the requirements of
manufacturer shall clean the inside and outside of the com-
Appendix 2, Paragraph 2-2(d) of Section VIII, Division 1, of
pleted assembly of all loose scale, grease, dirt, sand, rust, weld
the ASME Code.
spatter, cutting chips, and any other foreign matter by any
5.2.3 All welding shall be accomplished in accordance with
suitable means. The inside of the assembly shall then be
ANSI B 31.1.
inspected for cleanliness. All openings where practicable shall
5.2.4 Welding personnel and welding procedures shall be
be suitably closed to prevent the entrance of foreign matter
qualified in accordance with the applicable sections of Section
after cleaning and during shipment. The use of chlorinated
IX of the ASME Code.
solvents is prohibited.
5.2.5 All fabrication details not covered by the referenced
codes and standards shall be taken from the appropriate ANSI
9. Inspection
standard. If no standard applies, accepted industry practice
9.1 The responsibility for quality control rests with the
shall govern.
manufacturer. However, all phases of fabrication may be
5.2.6 The bellows shall be of tested and proven convolution
subject to review by a representative of the purchaser.
geometry.
9.2 The inspector representing the purchaser shall have
6. Other Requirements
access at all times, while work on the contract of the purchaser
6.1 The details of design, material supply, fabrication, and is being performed, to all parts of the manufacturer’s plant that
testing of the complete product are the responsibility of the concern the manufacture of the product ordered. The manufac-
manufacturer unless specific details are requested by the turershallaffordtheinspectorallreasonablefacilitiestosatisfy
purchaser. the inspector that the product is being furnished in accordance
6.2 The specified normal operating movements (axial, lat- with this specification. Inspection shall be made at the place of
eral, and angular) shall be available concurrently.The specified manufacture before shipment, unless otherwise specified,
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