ASTM F1120-87(2010)

NOTICE: This standard has either been superseded and replaced by a new version or withdrawn.
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Designation:F1120 −87(Reapproved 2010) An American National Standard
Standard Specification for
Circular Metallic Bellows Type Expansion Joints for Piping
Applications
This standard is issued under the fixed designation F1120; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope 2.3 EJMA Standard:
Standards of the Expansion Joint Manufacturer’s Associa-
1.1 This specification establishes the minimum require-
tion
ments for the mechanical design, manufacture, inspection, and
2.4 Pipe Fabrication Institute Standard:
testing of circular metallic bellows-type expansion joints used
ES-3 Fabrication Tolerances
to absorb the dimensional changes resulting from piping
thermal expansion or contraction, as well as the movement of
3. Terminology Definitions
terminal equipment and supporting structures.
3.1 Expansion joint definitions shall be in accordance with
1.2 Additional or better features, over and above the mini-
those in the EJMA standards.
mum requirements set by this specification, are not prohibited
3.2 double expansion joint—expansion joint consisting of
by this specification.
two bellows joined by a common connector.
3.2.1 Discussion—The common connector is anchored to
1.3 The layout of many piping systems provides inherent
some rigid part of the installation by means of an anchor base.
flexibility through natural changes in direction so that any
The anchor base may be attached to the common connector
displacements produce primarily bending or torsional strains,
either at installation or at time of manufacture. Each bellows
within acceptable limits. Where the system lacks this inherent
acts as a single expansion joint and absorbs the movement of
flexibility the designer should then consider adding flexibility
the pipe section in which it is installed independently of the
through the use of metallic bellows-type expansion joints.
other bellows.
1.4 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regarded
3.3 gimbal expansion joint—expansion joint designed to
as the standard. The values given in parentheses are for
permit angular rotation in any plane by the use of two pairs of
information only.
hinges affixed to a common floating gimbal ring.
3.3.1 Discussion—The gimbal ring, hinges, and pins are
2. Referenced Documents
designed to restrain the thrust of the expansion joint as a result
of internal pressure and extraneous forces, where applicable.
2.1 ANSI Standards:
3.4 hinged expansion joint—expansion joint containing one
ANSI B16.5 Pipe Flanges and Flanged Fittings
bellowdesignedtopermitangularrotationinoneplaneonlyby
B16.25 Butt Welding Ends
the use of a pair of pins through hinge plates attached to the
ANSI B31.1 Power Piping Code
expansion joint ends.
2.2 ASME Standards:
3.4.1 Discussion—The hinges and hinge pins are designed
Section VIII, Division 1, Pressure Vessels
to restrain the thrust of the expansion joint as a result of
Section IX, Welding and Brazing Qualifications
internal pressure and extraneous forces. Hinged expansion
joints should be used in sets of two or three to function
properly.
This specification is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee F25 on Ships
3.5 pressure balanced expansion joint—expansion joint de-
and Marine Technology and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee F25.11 on
signed to absorb axial movement or lateral deflection, or both,
Machinery and Piping Systems.
Current edition approved May 1, 2010. Published June 2010. Originally
approved in 1987. Last previous edition approved in 2004 as F1120 – 87 (2004).
DOI: 10.1520/F1120-87R10. Available from Expansion Joint Manufacturer’s Association, 25 N. Broadway,
Available from American National Standards Institute (ANSI), 25 W. 43rd St., Tarrytown, NY 10591. The Standards of the Expansion Joint Manufacturer’s
4th Floor, New York, NY 10036, http://www.ansi.org. Association are a collection of standards developed by this industry and published
Available from American Society of Mechanical Engineers (ASME), ASME in one volume, herein called EJMA Standards.
International Headquarters, Three Park Ave., New York, NY 10016-5990, http:// Available from Pipe Fabrication Institute, 1326 Freeport Rd., Pittsburgh, PA
www.asme.org. 15238.
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States
F1120−87 (2010)
while restraining the pressure thrust by means of tie devices 4.2.8 Materials—Material types (including that for the bel-
interconnecting the flow bellows with an opposed bellows also lows) shall be specified by the purchaser (see 5.1 for material
subjected to line pressure. restrictions).
3.5.1 Discussion—This type of expansion joint is intended
4.2.9 Internal Liner—Liner shall be specified when needed
for use where a change of direction occurs in a run of piping.
because of flow velocity or other flow conditions. Specific
Theflowendofapressurebalancedexpansionjointsometimes
criteria for liners is shown in Section C-3 of the EJMA
contains two bellows separated by a common connector, in
Standards (see 6.6).
which case it is called a universal pressure balanced expansion
4.2.10 External Cover—To protect personnel having close
joint.
accesstothebellows,whenthermalinsulationistobeaddedin
the field, or when external mechanical damage is possible (see
3.6 single expansion joint—simplest form of expansion
6.5).
joint, consisting of single bellows construction, designed to
absorb all movement of the pipe section in which it is installed. 4.2.11 End Fittings—The type of end connections such as
flanged, threaded, or others to match the mating piping or
3.7 swing expansion joint—expansion joint designed to
terminal equipment.
absorb lateral deflection or angular rotation, or both, in one
4.2.12 Accessories—Specify what accessories are required
plane.
and the conditions under which they operate. Consider items
3.7.1 Discussion—Pressure thrust and extraneous forces are
such as insulation lugs, tie, limit, or control rods, pantographic
restrained by the use of a pair of swing bars, each of which is
linkages, trunions, gimbals, drains, purge connections, anchor
pinned to the expansion joint ends.
bases, and interply monitoring devices.
3.8 universal expansion joint—expansion joint containing
4.2.13 Dimensional Limitations—If space limitations exist,
two bellows joined by a common connector for the purpose of
specify the maximum overall length, maximum outside
absorbing any combination of axial movement, lateral
diameter, minimum inside diameter, and installation toler-
deflection, and angular rotation.
ances.
3.8.1 Discussion—Universal expansion joints are usually
4.2.14 Operating Forces—Specify calculated bellows
furnishedwithcontrolrodstodistributethemovementbetween
spring forces and pressure thrust forces if they are required for
the two bellows of the expansion joint and stabilize the
subsequent anchor design or other piping systems analysis. If
common connector.
there are maximum allowable values, these must also be
specified.
4. Ordering Information
4.2.15 InstallationPosition—horizontal, vertical (flow up or
4.1 An expansion joint is a unique product and must be
down). Specify if liner drainage holes are required.
specifically designed for the intended service. It is the respon-
4.2.16 Cycle Life Requirements—Specify an anticipated
sibility of the piping system designer to supply sufficient
number of thermal cycles over the intended life of the
engineering data necessary for the complete design. The
expansion joint.
information compiled by the piping system designer must be
4.2.17 Testing Requirements—Specify testing requirements
complete and contain all pertinent data detailing the conditions
in addition to the hydrostatic test required by 9.4 (for example,
under which the expansion joint is expected to operate.
vacuum testing, testing at operating temperature).
4.2 Orders for each expansion joint shall include the fol-
4.2.18 Inspection Requirements—Specify inspection re-
lowing information:
quirements in addition to the inspection required by Section 9
4.2.1 Title, designation number, and latest revision of this
(that is, radiographic, fluorescent penetrant, or mass spectrom-
specification.
eter).
4.2.2 Size—The nominal pipe diameter or specific ducting
4.2.19 Piping Code Requirements—Specify any piping or
diameter.
design code that must be used as the basis for design in
4.2.3 Type of Expansion Joint—single, double, universal,
addition to those specified in 5.2.
guided, hinged, gimbal, swing, or pressure balanced.
4.2.20 Special Requirements—Specify the magnitude of
4.2.4 Flow Characteristics:
specialsystemconditionssuchasvibration,shock,orhydraulic
4.2.4.1 Flow Medium—indicate whether the medium is gas
surge.
or liquid.
4.2.21 Shipping Requirements—Specify whether special
4.2.4.2 Flow velocity, medium density, or viscosity, or
packing is required including protection for extended outside
combination thereof.
storage, export handling, or special lifting considerations for
4.2.4.3 Flow direction.
heavy or large assemblies.
4.2.5 Pressure in psig (N/mm )—design, operating, and test
4.2.22 Piping Drawing—In addition to specifying the above
pressures.
information it would be beneficial to provide a drawing of the
4.2.6 Temperature in °F (°C)—design, operating, and instal-
proposed piping system.
lation temperatures.
4.2.23 Supplementary Requirements—Specify any addi-
4.2.7 Movement—axial (extension, compression); lateral
tional requirements not identified herein.
(single plane, multiplane); angular; torsional (to be avoided).
Differentiate between start-up, operational, or field installation 4.3 Fig. 1 and Fig. 2 should be used as a guide in ordering
tolerance movements. expansion joints to this specification.
F1120−87 (2010)
FIG. 1 Standard Expansion Joint Specification Sheet
F1120−87 (2010)
FIG. 2 Supplemental Specification Sheet (To Be Used With Standard Expansion Joint Specification Sheet)
F1120−87 (2010)
5. Materials and Manufacture 6.4 Universal expansion joints shall be designed and fabri-
cated to be self-supporting and not require any external
5.1 Materials:
structure for the support of the center pipe spool piece and its
5.1.1 Pressure-containing parts shall be manufactured from
contents.
material specifications and grades listed in Section VIII,
6.5 Expansion joints to be installed in systems above 150°F
Division 1, of theASME Code orANSI B31.1. End connection
(66°C) shall have an external cover.When external mechanical
material shall have in service properties similar to the bellows
damage is possible, a cover shall be fabricated to protect the
material. Flanges shall meet ANSI B16.5.
joint and personnel.
5.1.2 All other materials of construction shall be of the type
specified by the user and shall conform to anASTM orASME
6.6 Internal sleeves shall be installed in expansion joints
material specification. Materials not identified by the ordering
when the fluid velocity of the system, where the expansion
data shall be of the manufacturer’s standard and of the same
joint is to be installed, is greater than the values listed in
quality used for the intended purpose in commercial practice.
Section C-3.1 of the EJMA Standards and where the flow
5.1.3 Materials used shall be free from defects that would
velocity exceeds 75 % of the velocity calculated using Section
adversely affect the performance of the expansion joint.
C-3.1.4 of the EJMA Standards.
5.1.4 All material incorporated in the work covered by this
specification shall be new. The use of rebuilt or used products
7. Dimensions and Permissible Variations
is not allowed under this specification.
7.1 Dimensional tolerances on completed expansion joint
5.1.5 Materials for hinge or gimbal hardware, or other
assemblies shall be in accordance with Section D-2.9 of the
sliding parts, shall be chosen to minimize galling of the
EJMA Standards and Standard ES-3 of the Pipe Fabricating
contacting parts.
Institute.
5.2 Manufacture:
8. Workmanship, Finish, and Appearance
5.2.1 Expansion joints shall be designed and fabricated in
accordance with requirements set forth in the ordering data and
8.1 The quality of workmanship shall be such as to produce
the EJMA Standards.
a product that is in accordance with the requirements of this
5.2.2 Nonstandard flanges shall be designed and fabricated
specification and ensures the proper functioning of all parts of
in accordance with Appendix 2 of Section VIII, Division 1,of
the unit.
the ASME Code. Flanges machined from plate shall not be
8.2 The bellows shall be manufactured and carefully
used at pressures exceeding 150 psi (1034 kPa) and tempera-
handled to prevent surface flaws or deep scratches from being
tures exceeding 450°F (232°C). Hubbed flanges machined
generated. The surface condition of the completed joint assem-
from plate or bar stock shall meet the requirements of
bly shall be free from injurious surface discontinuities and any
Appendix 2, Paragraph 2-2(d) of Section VIII, Division 1,of
contaminants that would affect the operation of the assembly.
the ASME Code.
8.3 On completion of fabrication, and before shipment, the
5.2.3 All welding shall be accomplished in accordance with
manufacturer shall clean the inside and outside of the com-
ANSI B31.1
pleted assembly of all loose scale, grease, dirt, sand, rust, weld
5.2.4 Welding personnel and welding procedures shall be
spatter, cutting chips, and any other foreign matter by any
qualified in accordance with the applicable sections of Section
suitable means. The inside of the assembly shall then be
IX, of the ASME Code.
inspected for cleanliness. All openings where practicable shall
5.2.5 All fabrication details not covered by the referenced
be suitably closed to prevent the entrance of foreign matter
codes and standards shall be taken from the appropriate ANSI
after cleaning and during shipment. The use of chlorinated
standard. If no standard applies, accepted industry practice
solvents is prohibited.
shall govern.
5.2.6 The bellows shall be of tested and proven convolution
9. Inspection
geometry.
9.1 The responsibility for quality control rests with the
manufacturer. However, all phases of fabrication may be
6. Other Requirements
subject to review by a representative of the purchaser.
6.1 The details of design, material supply, fabrication, and
9.2 The inspector representing the purchaser shall have
testin
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