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ASTM D5591-22

(Test Method)

Standard Test Method for Thermal Shrinkage Force of Yarn and Cord With a Thermal Shrinkage Force Tester

Standard Test Method for Thermal Shrinkage Force of Yarn and Cord With a Thermal Shrinkage Force Tester

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
5.1 This test method may be used for the acceptance testing of commercial shipments of yarns and cords.  
5.1.1 If there are differences of practical significance between reported test results for two laboratories (or more), comparative tests should be performed to determine if there is a statistical bias between them, using competent statistical assistance. As a minimum, test samples should be used that are as homogeneous as possible, that are drawn from the material from which the disparate test results were obtained, and that are randomly assigned in equal numbers to each laboratory for testing. Other materials with established test values may be used for this purpose. The test results from the two laboratories should be compared using a statistical test for unpaired data, at a probability level chosen prior to the testing series. If a bias is found, either its cause must be found and corrected, or future test results for that material must be adjusted in consideration of the known bias.  
5.2 Experience shows that yarns or cords on would packages, usually being under tension, exhibit a contraction in length (and a resulting increase in linear density) when removed from the package and allowed to relax over a period of time at room temperature. Consequently, it they are tested without being allowed to relax, they will register higher thermal shrinkage force values as the relaxation shrinkage will be incorrectly included as the thermal shrinkage force.  
5.2.1 Retractive forces vary widely by polymer type, being almost nil within aramids and significant within most nylons. For example, the exposure of untensioned skeins of nylon yarn or cord to 95 to 100 % relative humidity at room temperature for two days and reconditioning under standard laboratory conditions will cause most of the length change that is possible at room temperature to occur within a sample. This reduction in length is accompanied by some lowering of thermal shrinkage force.  
5.3 The thermal...
SCOPE
1.1 This test method covers preparation and procedures to measure the thermal shrinkage force of yarns and cords in air.  
1.2 This test method is applicable to measurement of the thermal shrinkage force of yarns and cords whose shrinkage force at 180 ± 2 °C (355 ± 4 °F) in air does not exceed 20 N (4 lbf). This test method is applicable to nylon, polyester, and aramid yarns and cords within the applicable range of thermal shrinkage force, as well as to comparable yarns and cords from other polymers.  
1.2.1 Test specimens may be taken from yarn or cord packages, or retrieved from fabrics.  
1.3 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. The values given in parentheses after SI units are provided for information only and are not considered standard.  
1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use. Specific hazards statements are given in Section 8.  
1.5 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

General Information

Status
Published
Publication Date
31-May-2022
ICS
59.080.01 - Textiles in general
Technical Committee
D13 - Textiles
Drafting Committee
D13.19 - Industrial Fibers and Metallic Reinforcements
Current Stage
Ref Project

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This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the
Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
Designation: D5591 − 22
Standard Test Method for
Thermal Shrinkage Force of Yarn and Cord With a Thermal
1
Shrinkage Force Tester
This standard is issued under the fixed designation D5591; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope D885/D885M Test Methods for Tire Cords, Tire Cord
Fabrics, and Industrial Filament Yarns Made from Manu-
1.1 This test method covers preparation and procedures to
factured Organic-Base Fibers
measure the thermal shrinkage force of yarns and cords in air.
D2258/D2258M Practice for Sampling Yarn for Testing
1.2 This test method is applicable to measurement of the
D6477 Terminology Relating to Tire Cord, Bead Wire, Hose
3
thermal shrinkage force of yarns and cords whose shrinkage
Reinforcing Wire, and Fabrics (Withdrawn 2022)
force at 180 6 2 °C (355 6 4 °F) in air does not exceed 20 N
(4 lbf). This test method is applicable to nylon, polyester, and
3. Terminology
aramid yarns and cords within the applicable range of thermal
3.1 Definitions:
shrinkage force, as well as to comparable yarns and cords from
3.1.1 Fordefinitionsoftermsrelatingtotirecord,beadwire,
other polymers.
hose wire, and tire cord fabrics, refer to Terminology D6477.
1.2.1 Test specimens may be taken from yarn or cord
3.1.1.1 The following terms are relevant to this standard:
packages, or retrieved from fabrics.
adhesive-treated tire cord; cord; greige cord; greige tire cord;
1.3 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as
pneumatic tire; retraction, in yarns and cords; standard atmo-
standard. The values given in parentheses after SI units are
sphere for testing textiles; thermal shrinkage force; thermal
provided for information only and are not considered standard.
shrinkage force tester; tire.
1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the
3.2 For definitions of other terms related to textiles, refer to
safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the
Terminology D123.
responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-
3.2.1 The following terms are relevant to this standard:
priate safety, health, and environmental practices and deter-
thermal shrinkage force; thermal shrinkage force tester; yarn.
mine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.
Specific hazards statements are given in Section 8.
4. Summary of Test Method
1.5 This international standard was developed in accor-
4.1 A specified length of yarn or cord is conditioned in a
dance with internationally recognized principles on standard-
relaxed state, mounted with a pretension of 5 mN/tex 6 1
ization established in the Decision on Principles for the
mN⁄tex (0.05 gf/den 6 0.01 gf/den), then exposed to dry heat
Development of International Standards, Guides and Recom-
at a temperature of 180 °C 6 2 °C (355 °F 6 4 °F) for
mendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical
120 s 65s.
Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
4.2 The shrinkage force induced in the specimen is read
from the tester.
2. Referenced Documents
2
2.1 ASTM Standards:
5. Significance and Use
D123 Terminology Relating to Textiles
5.1 This test method may be used for the acceptance testing
of commercial shipments of yarns and cords.
5.1.1 If there are differences of practical significance be-
1
This test method is under the jurisdiction ofASTM Committee D13 on Textiles
tween reported test results for two laboratories (or more),
and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee D13.19 on Industrial Fibers and
comparative tests should be performed to determine if there is
Metallic Reinforcements.
CurrenteditionapprovedJune1,2022.PublishedJuly2022.Originallyapproved
a statistical bias between them, using competent statistical
in 1995. Last previous edition approved in 2016 as D5591 – 04(2016). DOI:
assistance.As a minimum, test samples should be used that are
10.1520/D5591-22.
2
For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or
contact ASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM
3
Standards volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on The last approved version of this historical standard is referenced on
the ASTM website. www.astm.org.
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States
1

---------------------- Page: 1 ----------------------
D5591 − 22
as homogeneous as possible, that are drawn from the material attaching a smal
...

This document is not an ASTM standard and is intended only to provide the user of an ASTM standard an indication of what changes have been made to the previous version. Because
it may not be technically possible to adequately depict all changes accurately, ASTM recommends that users consult prior editions as appropriate. In all cases only the current version
of the standard as published by ASTM is to be considered the official document.
Designation: D5591 − 04 (Reapproved 2016) D5591 − 22
Standard Test Method for
Thermal Shrinkage Force of Yarn and Cord With a Thermal
1
Shrinkage Force Tester
This standard is issued under the fixed designation D5591; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope
1.1 This test method covers preparation and procedures to measure the thermal shrinkage force of yarns and cords in air.
1.2 This test method is applicable to measurement of the thermal shrinkage force of yarns and cords whose shrinkage force at 180
6 2°C2 °C (355 6 4°F)4 °F) in air does not exceed 20 N (4 lbf). This test method is applicable to nylon, polyester, and aramid
yarns and cords within the applicable range of thermal shrinkage force, as well as to comparable yarns and cords from other
polymers.
1.2.1 Test specimens may be taken from yarn or cord packages, or retrieved from fabrics.
1.3 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as the standard. The values given in parentheses are for information only.after
SI units are provided for information only and are not considered standard.
1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility
of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety safety, health, and healthenvironmental practices and determine the
applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use. Specific hazards statements are given in Section 8.
1.5 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization
established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued
by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
2. Referenced Documents
2
2.1 ASTM Standards:
D123 Terminology Relating to Textiles
D885D885/D885M Test Methods for Tire Cords, Tire Cord Fabrics, and Industrial Filament Yarns Made from Manufactured
Organic-Base Fibers
D2258D2258/D2258M Practice for Sampling Yarn for Testing
3
D6477 Terminology Relating to Tire Cord, Bead Wire, Hose Reinforcing Wire, and Fabrics (Withdrawn 2022)
1
This test method is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D13 on Textiles and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee D13.19 on Industrial Fibers and Metallic
Reinforcements.
Current edition approved July 1, 2016June 1, 2022. Published August 2016July 2022. Originally approved in 1995. Last previous edition approved in 20112016 as
D5591 – 04 (2011).(2016). DOI: 10.1520/D5591-04R16.10.1520/D5591-22.
2
For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or contact ASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM Standards
volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on the ASTM website.
3
The last approved version of this historical standard is referenced on www.astm.org.
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States
1

---------------------- Page: 1 ----------------------
D5591 − 22
3. Terminology
3.1 Definitions:
3.1.1 For definitions of terms relating to tire cord, bead wire, hose wire, and tire cord fabrics, refer to Terminology D6477.
3.1.1.1 The following terms are relevant to this standard: adhesive-treated tire cord, cord,cord; cord; greige cord,cord; greige tire
cord,cord; pneumatic tire,tire; retraction, in yarns and cords,cords; standard atmosphere for testing textiles,textiles; thermal
shrinkage force,force; thermal shrinkage force tester, and tester; tire.
3.2 For definitions of other terms related to textiles, refer to Terminology D123.
3.2.1 The following terms are relevant to this standard: thermal shrinkage force; thermal shrinkage force tester; yarn.
4. Summary of Test Method
4.1 A specified length of yarn or cord is conditioned in a relaxed state, mounted with a pretension of 5 6 1mN/tex 6 1 mN
mN/tex (0.05 6 0.01 ⁄tex (0.05 gf/den 6 0.01 gf/den), then exposed to dry heat at a temperature of 180180 °C 6 2°C (3552 °C
(355 °F 6 4°F) for 120 6 5 s.4 °F) for 120 s 6 5 s.
4.2 The shrinkage force induced in the specimen is read from the tester.
5. Significance and Use
5.1 This test method may be used for the acceptance testing of commercial shipments of yarns and cords
...

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ASTM D123-23(Terminology)
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1.1 This standard is the compilation of all terminology developed by Committee D13 on Textiles.  
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5.1 The water content of raw or lint cotton determined by this practice, calculated from the required volume of reagent, may be greater, equal to or less than the moisture content measured by standard oven drying methods. These differences may be of significance in commercial transactions (1-3)4 (see also Appendix X2). Water content by this method is not to be considered the same attribute as moisture content.  
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1.3 This guide is intended to serve as a resource for manufacturers, producers, analysts, policymakers, regulators, and others with an interest in textiles.  
1.4 This guide is presented in the specific context of measurement of silver nanomaterials; however, the structured approach described herein is applicable to other nanomaterials in consumer textile products, including some medical devices.  
1.5 Units—The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard.  
1.6 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.  
1.7 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

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ASTM
ASTM D6773-22(Test Method)
Standard Test Method for Bulk Solids Using Schulze Ring Shear Tester

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
5.1 Reliable, controlled flow of bulk solids from bins and hoppers is essential in almost every industrial facility. Unfortunately, flow stoppages due to arching and ratholing are common. Additional problems include uncontrolled flow (flooding) of powders, segregation of particle mixtures, usable capacity which is significantly less than design capacity, caking and spoilage of bulk solids in stagnant zones, and structural failures.  
5.2 By measuring the flow properties of bulk solids, and designing bins and hoppers based on these flow properties, most flow problems can be prevented or eliminated (1).3  
5.3 For bulk solids with a significant percentage of particles (typically, one third or more) finer than about 6 mm (1/4 in.), the unconfined yield strength is governed by the fines (−6 mm fraction). For such bulk solids, strength and wall friction tests may be performed on the fine fraction only.
Note 1: The quality of the result produced by this standard is dependent on the competence of personnel performing it, and the suitability of the equipment and facilities used. Agencies that meet the criteria of Practice D3740 are generally considered capable of competent and objective testing/sampling/inspection/etc. Users of this standard are cautioned that compliance with Practice D3740 does not in itself ensure reliable results. Reliable results depend on many factors; Practice D3740 provides a means of evaluating some of those factors. Practice D3740 was developed for agencies engaged in the testing or inspection (or both) of soil and rock. As such it is not totally applicable to agencies performing this standard. However, users of this standard should recognize that the framework of Practice D3740 is appropriate for evaluating the quality of an agency performing this standard. Currently there is no known qualifying national authority that inspects agencies that perform this standard.
SCOPE
1.1 This test method covers the apparatus and procedures for measuring the unconfined yield strength of bulk solids during both continuous flow and after storage at rest. In addition, measurements of internal friction, bulk density, and wall friction on various wall surfaces are included.  
1.2 This test method covers operation of the manually-controlled Schulze Ring Shear Tester. An automated version of this tester is also available. Its method of testing bulk solids is similar in principle to that described in this test method.  
1.3 The most common use of this information is in the design of storage bins and hoppers to prevent flow stoppages due to arching and ratholing, including the slope and smoothness of hopper walls to provide mass flow. Parameters for structural design of such equipment may also be derived from this data. Another application is the measurement of the flowability of bulk solids, for example, for comparison of different products or optimization.  
1.4 All observed and calculated values shall conform to the guidelines for significant digits and rounding established in Practice D6026.  
1.4.1 The procedures used to specify how data are collected/recorded or calculated in this standard are regarded as the industry standard. In addition, they are representative of the significant digits that generally should be retained. The procedures used do not consider material variation, purpose for obtaining the data, special purpose studies, or any considerations for the user’s objectives: and it is common practice to increase or reduce significant digits of reported data to be commensurate with these considerations. It is beyond the scope of this standard to consider significant digits used in analysis methods for engineering design.  
1.5 Units—The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measure are included in this standard.  
1.6 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the respons...

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ASTM
ASTM G24-21(Practice)
Standard Practice for Conducting Exposures to Daylight Filtered Through Glass

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
4.1 Since solar radiation, air temperature, relative humidity, and the amount and kind of atmospheric contaminants vary continuously, results from exposures based on elapsed time will sometimes differ. The variations in the results will usually be reduced by timing the exposures in terms of:  
4.1.1 One or more environmental parameters such as solar radiant exposure, or  
4.1.2 A predefined property change of a weathering reference specimen with known performance.  
4.2 Variations in temperature, moisture, and atmospheric contaminants can have a significant effect on the degradation caused by solar radiation. In addition, exposures conducted at different times of the year can cause large differences in the rate of degradation. Different materials generally have different sensitivities to heat, moisture, and atmospheric contaminants, and this could explain differences in rankings of specimens exposed to equivalent solar radiant exposure when other environmental conditions vary.  
4.3 Since the method of mounting has an influence on the temperature and other parameters during exposure of the specimen, there shall be agreement between contractual parties as to the method of mounting the specimen for the particular exposure test under consideration.  
4.4 There are differences among various single strength window glasses in their transmittance in the 300 to 350 nm region. For example, at 320 nm, the percent transmittance for seven different lots of single strength window glass ranged from 8.4 to 26.8 %. At 380 nm, the percent transmittance ranged from 84.9 % to 88.1 %.5  
4.5 Differences in UV transmittance between different lots of glass generally continue even after solarization. The largest differences among window glasses in UV transmittance are in the spectral range of 300 to 320 nm.  
4.6 This practice is best used to compare the relative performance of materials tested at the same time behind the same lot of glass. Because of variability between lots of g...
SCOPE
1.1 This practice describes procedures for conducting exposures of various materials to daylight filtered through glass in passively ventilated and non-vented enclosures. For exposures in under glass enclosures with forced air circulation, refer to Practice G201.  
1.1.1 This practice is not intended for corrosion testing of bare metals.  
1.2 For direct exposures, refer to Practice G7.  
1.3 This practice is limited to the method of conducting the exposures. The preparation of test specimens and evaluation of results are covered in various standards for the specific materials.  
1.4 Exposure conducted according to this practice can use two types of exposure cabinets.  
1.4.1 Type A—A cabinet that allows passive ventilation of specimens being exposed behind glass.  
1.4.2 Type B—Enclosed cabinet with exterior painted black that does not provide for ventilation of specimens exposed behind glass. Exposures conducted using a Type B cabinet are typically referred to as “black box under glass exposures.”  
1.5 Type A exposures of this practice are technically similar to Method B of ISO 877-2.  
1.6 Units—The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. The values given in parentheses after SI units are provided for information only and are not considered standard.  
1.7 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.  
1.8 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

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ASTM
ASTM E3171-21a(Test Method)
Standard Test Method for Determination of Total Silver in Textiles by ICP-OES or ICP-MS Analysis

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
5.1 Silver may be used to treat consumer textile products to provide enhanced antimicrobial (fungi, bacteria, viruses) properties (3, 4). At any point in a textile product’s lifecycle, there may be a need to measure the amount of silver present. This standard prescribes a test method based on ICP-OES or ICP-MS analysis that manufacturers, producers, analysts, policymakers, regulators, and others may use for measurement of total silver in textiles. As described in Guide E3025, determination of total silver in a consumer textile product is one component of a tiered approach to determine if silver is present, possibly as nanomaterial(s) (one or more external dimensions in the nanoscale), prior to measuring the form and dimension of the Ag that is found. ICP-OES or ICP-MS analysis alone is not sufficient to determine whether a textile contains silver nanomaterial(s).
Note 4: There are many different chemical and physical forms of silver that are used to treat textiles and an overview of this topic is provided in Guide E3025.  
5.2 As described in Guide E3025, the amount of silver in a textile can decrease over time as silver metal and silver compounds can react with oxygen and other oxidation-reduction (redox) active agents present in the environment to form soluble ionic species which are released by contact with moisture (for example, from ambient humidity, washing, body sweat, rain, or other sources). Hence, if silver is measured in a textile, the result may only be indicative of that moment in the article’s life cycle and great care is necessary in drawing temporal inferences from the results.  
5.3 If silver is measured by ICP-OES or ICP-MS analysis, additional analyses are needed to elucidate the form of silver in the textile specimen. This step is necessary because ICP-OES or ICP-MS results are for total silver independent of chemical and physical form and textiles may be treated with silver in sizes that range from the nanoscale (for example, salt nanopartic...
SCOPE
1.1 This test method covers the use of inductively coupled plasma–optical emission spectrometry (ICP-OES) and inductively coupled plasma–mass spectrometry (ICP-MS) analyses for determination of the mass fraction of total silver in consumer textile products made of any combination of natural or manufactured fibers. Either ICP-OES or ICP-MS analysis is recommended as a first step to test for and quantify silver in a textile and results can be used to inform subsequent, more detailed analyses as part of the tiered approach described in Guide E3025 to determine if a textile contains silver nanomaterial(s).  
1.2 This test method prescribes acid digestion to prepare test sample solutions from samples of textiles utilizing an appropriate internal standard followed by external calibration and analysis with either ICP-OES or ICP-MS to quantify total silver.  
1.3 This test method is believed to provide quantitative results for textiles made of fibers of rayon, cotton, polyester, and lycra that contain metallic silver (see Section 17). It is the analyst’s responsibility to establish the efficacy (ability to achieve the planned and desired analytical result) of this test method for other textile matrices and forms of silver.  
1.4 Units—The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurements are included in this standard.  
1.5 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.  
1.6 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organiz...

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ASTM
ASTM D7785-21(Practice)
Standard Practice for Water in Lint Cotton by Oven Evaporation Combined with Volumetric Karl Fischer Titration

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
5.1 The water content of raw or lint cotton determined by this practice, calculated from the required volume of reagent, may be greater, equal to or less than the moisture content measured by standard oven drying methods. These differences may be of significance in commercial transactions (1-3)4 (see also Appendix X2). Water content by this method is not to be considered the same attribute as moisture content.  
5.2 Standard test methods using volumetric and coulometric Karl Fischer reagent are two of the most widely used procedures for the determination of water.  
5.3 The volumetric method is typically used for the routine determination of water in the mass percent range of concentrations. If samples contain very low levels of water, the coulometric technique should be considered (see Test Methods D1533, E1064).  
5.4 This practice for testing the water content of cotton can be used for acceptance testing of commercial shipments of lint cotton, manufacturing control and calibration of fast, indirect sensors to measure water.  
5.5 Information on the water content of cotton is desirable since the physical properties of cotton are significantly affected by its water content. Variations in the amount of water present, or its regain, affect the mass and hence the market value of a lot of material.  
5.6 The observed volume of Karl Fischer reagent used in this practice to analyze a specimen represents the water in the absence of side reactions in an oven supplied with air (3).
Note 2: Side reactions in cotton that confound the actual weight loss due to water have been demonstrated in two laboratory ovens and a thermogravimetric analysis oven supplied with air (3). This results in an approximation regarding the actual amount of water in cotton based on mass loss by drying. If the moisture content by oven drying agrees with the water content measured by Karl Fischer titration, the one-to-one correspondence may be coincidental due to the presence of both negative a...
SCOPE
1.1 This practice covers the determination of the total amount of water (free and bound) in raw and lint cotton at moisture equilibrium from conditioning in the standard atmosphere for testing textiles.
Note 1: For other methods of determination of moisture in lint cotton that do not specify conditioning to moisture equilibrium, refer to Test Methods D2495 and D1348.  
1.2 This practice requires the use of oven evaporation to remove all of the water in the fiber matrix, volumetric Karl Fischer (KF) titration to determine water content and water regain, and control current potentiometry to detect the end point.  
1.3 This practice is not intended for use with potentiometric (zero current) and coulometric Karl Fischer titrators (see Test Methods D1533, D4377 and E1064), nor is this practice intended to be used with methanol extracts of cotton (See Test Methods D1348).  
1.4 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard.  
1.5 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use. For specific precautionary warnings see 9.1.  
1.6 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

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