ASTM D7112-18
(Test Method)Standard Test Method for Determining Stability and Compatibility of Heavy Fuel Oils and Crude Oils by Heavy Fuel Oil Stability Analyzer (Optical Detection)
Standard Test Method for Determining Stability and Compatibility of Heavy Fuel Oils and Crude Oils by Heavy Fuel Oil Stability Analyzer (Optical Detection)
SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
5.1 Automatic determination of stability parameters using a light back-scattering technique improves accuracy and removes human errors. In manual testing, operators have to visually compare oil stains on pieces of filter paper to determine if asphaltenes have been precipitated.
5.2 Refinery thermal and hydrocracking processes can be run closer to their severity limits if stability parameters can be calculated more accurately. This gives increased yield and profitability.
5.3 Results from the test method could be used to set a standard specification for stability parameters for fuel oils.
5.4 The compatibility parameters of crude oils can be used in crude oil blending in refineries to determine, in advance, which crude oil blends will be compatible and thus can be used to minimize plugging problems, unit shut downs, and maintenance costs. Determination of crude oil compatibility parameters also enables refineries to select crude oil mixtures more economically.
5.5 This test method can measure stability and compatibility parameters, and determine stability reserve on different blends for particular applications to optimize the blending, storage, and use of heavy fuel oils
Note 1: Users of this test method would normally use stability and compatibility parameters to determine stability reserve of residual products, fuel blends and crude oils. However, the interpretation of stability, stability reserve and compatibility is heavily ‘use dependent,’ and is beyond the scope of this test method.
SCOPE
1.1 This test method covers an automated procedure involving titration and optical detection of precipitated asphaltenes for determining the stability and compatibility parameters of refinery residual streams, residual fuel oils, and crude oils. Stability in this context is the ability to maintain asphaltenes in a peptized or dissolved state and not undergo flocculation or precipitation. Similarly, compatibility relates to the property of mixing two or more oils without precipitation or flocculation of asphaltenes.
1.2 This test method is applicable to residual products from atmospheric and vacuum distillation, from thermal, catalytic, and hydrocracking processes, to products typical of Specifications D396, Grades No. 5L, 5H, and 6, and D2880, Grades No. 3-GT and 4-GT, and to crude oils, providing these products contain 0.05 mass % or greater concentration of asphaltenes.
1.3 This test method is not relevant to oils that contain less than 0.05 % asphaltenes, and would be pointless to apply to unstable oils that already contain flocculated asphaltenes.
1.4 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard.
1.5 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.
1.6 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
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Designation: D7112 − 18
Standard Test Method for
Determining Stability and Compatibility of Heavy Fuel Oils
and Crude Oils by Heavy Fuel Oil Stability Analyzer (Optical
1
Detection)
This standard is issued under the fixed designation D7112; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope* 2. Referenced Documents
2
1.1 This test method covers an automated procedure involv- 2.1 ASTM Standards:
ing titration and optical detection of precipitated asphaltenes D396 Specification for Fuel Oils
for determining the stability and compatibility parameters of D2880 Specification for Gas Turbine Fuel Oils
refinery residual streams, residual fuel oils, and crude oils. D4057 Practice for Manual Sampling of Petroleum and
Stability in this context is the ability to maintain asphaltenes in Petroleum Products
a peptized or dissolved state and not undergo flocculation or D4175 Terminology Relating to Petroleum Products, Liquid
precipitation. Similarly, compatibility relates to the property of Fuels, and Lubricants
mixingtwoormoreoilswithoutprecipitationorflocculationof D4177 Practice for Automatic Sampling of Petroleum and
asphaltenes. Petroleum Products
D6299 Practice for Applying Statistical Quality Assurance
1.2 This test method is applicable to residual products from
and Control Charting Techniques to Evaluate Analytical
atmospheric and vacuum distillation, from thermal, catalytic,
Measurement System Performance
and hydrocracking processes, to products typical of Specifica-
D6560 Test Method for Determination ofAsphaltenes (Hep-
tions D396, Grades No. 5L, 5H, and 6, and D2880, Grades No.
tane Insolubles) in Crude Petroleum and Petroleum Prod-
3-GT and 4-GT, and to crude oils, providing these products
ucts
contain 0.05 mass % or greater concentration of asphaltenes.
1.3 This test method is not relevant to oils that contain less
3. Terminology
than 0.05 % asphaltenes, and would be pointless to apply to
3.1 Definitions:
unstable oils that already contain flocculated asphaltenes.
3.1.1 For definitions of some terms used in this test method,
1.4 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as
such as crude oil, repeatability, reproducibility, and residual
standard. No other units of measurement are included in this
fuel oil, refer to Terminology D4175.
standard.
3.1.2 asphaltenes, n—(rarely used in the singular), in petro-
leum technology, represent an oil fraction that is soluble in a
1.5 This standard does not purport to address all of the
specified aromatic solvent but separates upon addition of an
safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the
excess of a specified paraffinic solvent.
responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-
3.1.2.1 Discussion—In this test method, the aromatic sol-
priate safety, health, and environmental practices and deter-
vent is xylene and the paraffinic solvent is n-heptane.
mine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.
1.6 This international standard was developed in accor-
3.1.3 compatibility, n—of crude oils or of heavy fuel oils,
dance with internationally recognized principles on standard-
the ability of two or more crude oils or fuel oils to blend
ization established in the Decision on Principles for the
together within certain concentration ranges without evidence
Development of International Standards, Guides and Recom-
of separation, such as the formation of multiple phases.
mendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical
3.1.3.1 Discussion—Incompatible heavy fuel oils or crude
Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
oils, when mixed or blended, result in the flocculation or
precipitation of asphaltenes. Some oils may be compatible
1
This test method is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D02 on
Petroleum Products, Liquid Fuels, and Lubricants and is the direct responsibility of
2
Subcommittee D02.14 on Stability, Cleanliness and Compatibility of Liquid Fuels. For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or
Current edition approved July 1, 2018. Published July 2018. Originally approved contact ASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM
in 2005. Last previous edition approved in 2017 as D7112 – 12 (2017). DOI: Standards volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on
10.1520/D7112-18. the ASTM website.
*A Summary of Changes section appears at the end of this standard
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States
1
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D7112 − 18
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This document is not an ASTM standard and is intended only to provide the user of an ASTM standard an indication of what changes have been made to the previous version. Because
it may not be technically possible to adequately depict all changes accurately, ASTM recommends that users consult prior editions as appropriate. In all cases only the current version
of the standard as published by ASTM is to be considered the official document.
Designation: D7112 − 12 (Reapproved 2017) D7112 − 18
Standard Test Method for
Determining Stability and Compatibility of Heavy Fuel Oils
and Crude Oils by Heavy Fuel Oil Stability Analyzer (Optical
1
Detection)
This standard is issued under the fixed designation D7112; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope Scope*
1.1 This test method covers an automated procedure involving titration and optical detection of precipitated asphaltenes for
determining the stability and compatibility parameters of refinery residual streams, residual fuel oils, and crude oils. Stability in
this context is the ability to maintain asphaltenes in a peptized or dissolved state and not undergo flocculation or precipitation.
Similarly, compatibility relates to the property of mixing two or more oils without precipitation or flocculation of asphaltenes.
1.2 This test method is applicable to residual products from atmospheric and vacuum distillation, from thermal, catalytic, and
hydrocracking processes, to products typical of Specifications D396, Grades No. 5L, 5H, and 6, and D2880, Grades No. 3-GT and
4-GT, and to crude oils, providing these products contain 0.05 mass % or greater concentration of asphaltenes.
1.3 This test method is not relevant to oils that contain less than 0.05 % asphaltenes, and would be pointless to apply to unstable
oils that already contain flocculated asphaltenes.
1.4 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard.
1.5 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility
of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of
regulatory limitations prior to use.
1.6 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization
established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued
by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
2. Referenced Documents
2
2.1 ASTM Standards:
D396 Specification for Fuel Oils
D2880 Specification for Gas Turbine Fuel Oils
D4057 Practice for Manual Sampling of Petroleum and Petroleum Products
D4175 Terminology Relating to Petroleum Products, Liquid Fuels, and Lubricants
D4177 Practice for Automatic Sampling of Petroleum and Petroleum Products
D6299 Practice for Applying Statistical Quality Assurance and Control Charting Techniques to Evaluate Analytical Measure-
ment System Performance
D6560 Test Method for Determination of Asphaltenes (Heptane Insolubles) in Crude Petroleum and Petroleum Products
3. Terminology
3.1 Definitions:
3.1.1 For definitions of some terms used in this test method, such as crude oil, repeatability, reproducibility, and residual fuel
oil, refer to Terminology D4175.
1
This test method is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D02 on Petroleum Products, Liquid Fuels, and Lubricants and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee
D02.14 on on Stability, Cleanliness and Compatibility of Liquid Fuels.
Current edition approved Oct. 1, 2017July 1, 2018. Published November 2017July 2018. Originally approved in 2005. Last previous edition approved in 20122017 as
D7112D7112 – 12 (2017).–12. DOI: 10.1520/D7112-12R17.10.1520/D7112-18.
2
For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or contact ASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM Standards
volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on the ASTM website.
*A Summary of Changes section appears at the end of this standard
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States
1
---------------------- Page: 1 ----------------------
D7112 − 18
3.1.2 asphaltenes, n—(rarely used in the singular), in petroleum technology, represent an oil fraction that is soluble in a specified
aromatic solvent but separates upon addition of an excess of a specified paraffinic solvent.
3.1.2.1 Discussion—
In this test method, the aromatic solvent is xylene and the paraffinic solvent is n-heptane.
3.1.3 compatibility, n—of crude oils andor of h
...
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