ASTM D1384-97a

NOTICE: This standard has either been superseded and replaced by a new version or discontinued.
Contact ASTM International (www.astm.org) for the latest information.
Designation: D 1384 – 97a An American National Standard
Standard Test Method for
Corrosion Test for Engine Coolants in Glassware
This standard is issued under the fixed designation D 1384; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (e) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope inhibitive properties of the test solution are evaluated on the
basis of the weight changes incurred by the specimens. Each
1.1 This test method covers a simple beaker-type procedure
test is run in triplicate, and the average weight change is
for evaluating the effects of engine coolants on metal speci-
determined for each metal. A single test may occasionally be
mens under controlled laboratory conditions (see Appendix
completely out of line (see 11.2).
X1).
NOTE 1—For more information on engine coolants, see References 4. Significance and Use
(1-8).
4.1 This test method will generally distinguish between
1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as the
coolants that are definitely deleterious from the corrosion
standard. The values given in parentheses are for information
standpoint and those that are suitable for further evaluation.
only.
However, the results of this test method cannot stand alone as
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the
evidence of satisfactory corrosion inhibition. The actual ser-
safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the
vice value of an engine coolant formulation can be determined
responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-
only by more comprehensive bench, dynamometer, and field
priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-
tests.
bility of regulatory limitations prior to use. Specific hazards
5. Apparatus
statements are given in Notes 6-8.
5.1 Container—A 1000-mL, tall-form, spoutless beaker,
2. Referenced Documents
made of heat-resistant glass, for containing the engine coolant
2.1 ASTM Standards:
solution and test specimens. The beaker shall be tightly closed
B 32 Specification for Solder Metal
with a No. 15 rubber stopper, having drill holes to accommo-
B 36/B36M Specification for Brass Plate, Sheet, Strip, and
date a water condenser, an aerator tube, and a thermometer as
Rolled Bar
shown in Fig. 1.
D 1176 Test Method for Sampling and Preparing Aqueous
5.2 Condenser—A water condenser of the reflux, glass-tube
Solutions of Engine Coolants or Antirusts for Testing
type, having a 400-mm (16-in.) condenser jacket.
Purposes
5.3 Aerator Tube— A gas-dispersion tube, porosity size
E 1 Specification for ASTM Thermometers
12-C, to assure continuous aeration without plugging.
E 178 Practice for Dealing with Outlying Observations
5.4 Thermometer— An ASTM Partial Immersion Ther-
mometer having a range from − 20 to 150°C (0 to 302°F) and
3. Summary of Test Method
conforming to the requirements for Thermometer 1C (1F), as
3.1 In this test method, specimens of metals typical of those
prescribed in Specification E 1.
present in engine cooling systems are totally immersed in
5.5 Heater—A constant-temperature bath containing a high-
aerated engine coolant solutions for 336 h at 88°C (190°F) for
boiling liquid (see Note 2) that is capable of giving continuous
high-boiling engine coolant or corrosion inhibitors and 71°C
service with the specified temperature control. The size of the
(160°F) for low-boiling engine coolant. The corrosion-
bath will be determined by the number of corrosion tests that
are to be run concurrently.
This test method is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D-15 on Engine
Coolants and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee D 15.06 on Glassware
Performance Tests. Optionally, an all-glass apparatus may be used. Contact ASTM Headquarters
Current edition approved Oct. 10, 1997. Published June 1997. Originally for details. Request Adjunct No. 12-413841-12.
published as D 1384 – 55 T. Last previous edition D 1384 – 97. Gas-dispersion tube No. 39533, manufactured by the Corning Glass Works,
The boldface numbers in parentheses refer to the list of references at the end of 44-5 Crystal St., Corning, NY, generally has been found satisfactory for this
this standard. purpose. Optionally, a capillary tip bleed tube with 0.28-in. (7-mm) bore and
Annual Book of ASTM Standards, Vol 02.04. 11.2-in. (280-mm) length may be used when consistent early plugging of gas
Annual Book of ASTM Standards, Vol 02.01. dispersion tubes occurs. The tube, catalog No. 7815-19, may be obtained from the
Annual Book of ASTM Standards, Vol 15.05. Corning Glass Works, Corning, NY 14830.
6 10
Annual Book of ASTM Standards, Vol 14.03. If a water bath is used, a significant reduction in evaporation rate is achieved
Annual Book of ASTM Standards, Vol 14.02. by addition of floating plastic chips on the water surface.
Copyright © ASTM, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959, United States.
D 1384
dure given in Annex A1. A solid solder specimen cut from
1.59-mm ( ⁄16-in.) sheet stock of Alloy Grade 30A (SAE 3A) to
size 50.8 by 25.4 mm (2 by 1 in.) may be used subject to
mutual agreement of the parties involved. The use of a solid
solder specimen must be reported along with the metal
specimen weight loss results.
6.1.4.1 When agreed upon between the supplier and the
purchaser of engine coolants, the standard solder specimen
may be replaced with one having a different alloy composition
than standard Alloy Grade 30A or 30B. Use of specimens other
than standard Alloy Grade 30A or 30B shall be noted in the test
report.
NOTE 3—Where non-standard alloy is used, the standard flux shown in
A1.1.5 may not be satisfactory. A low corrosive flux may be required.
6.1.5 Cast Aluminum, conforming to Alloy UNS A23190
(SAE 329). Specimen size, 50.8 by 25.4 by 3.18 mm (2 by 1
by ⁄8in.).
6.1.6 Cast Iron, conforming to Alloy UNS F10007 (SAE
G3500). Specimen size, 50.8 by 25.4 by 3.18 mm (2 by 1 by
⁄8in.).
6.2 Arrangement (See Fig. 2):
6.2.1 Metal Specimen Arrangement—The metal test speci-
mens shall be drilled through the center with a 6.75-mm
FIG. 1 Metal Specimens and Equipment for the 336-h Corrosion
( ⁄64-in.) drill to accommodate a 50.8-mm (2-in.) 10–24 brass
Test
machine screw covered with a thin-walled insulating sleeve.
Tetrafluoroethylene tubing with a 6.35-mm ( ⁄4-in.) outside
6. Metal Test Specimens 1
diameter 1.59-mm ( ⁄16-in.) wide and a wall thickness of 0.4
mm ( ⁄64-in.) is satisfactory. Two half-hard brass legs shall be
NOTE 2—The specimens prescribed in this test method have been
cut from 1.59-mm ( ⁄16-in.) sheet stock to size 50.8 by 25.4 mm
accepted by automobile manufacturers, but their composition may not be
the same as that of alloys currently used for engine cooling system
(2 by 1 in.). A 6.35-mm ( ⁄4-in.) diameter hole shall be drilled
components. Therefore, specimens other than those designated in this test 1
in each leg with the center 6.35 mm ( ⁄4 in.) from the top and
method may be used by mutual agreement of the parties involved.
12.7 mm ( ⁄2 in.) from each side. The test “bundle” shall be
6.1 Type—The following metal test specimens, represen-
made up on the insulated screw with the specimens in the
tative of cooling system metals, shall be used:
following order: brass leg, copper, solder, brass, steel, cast iron,
6.1.1 Steel, UNS G10200 (SAE 1020), cut from 1.59-mm
cast aluminum, and brass leg. The specimens shall be separated
( ⁄16-in.) cold-rolled sheet stock to size 50.8 by 25.4 mm (2 by
by 4.76-mm ( ⁄16-in.) thick solid metal spacers having a
17 7
1 in.). Chemical composition of the carbon steel is as follows:
6.75-mm ( ⁄64-in.) inside diameter and a 11.11-mm ( ⁄16-in.)
carbon, 0.17 to 0.23 %; manganese, 0.30 to 0.60 %; phospho-
outside diameter. Insulating spacers made from tetrafluoroeth-
rus, 0.040 % maximum; sulfur, 0.050 % maximum.
ylene shall be used between the brass legs and the specimen
6.1.2 Copper, conforming to UNS C11000 (SAE CA110)
or UNS C11300 (SAE CA113) . Cold-rolled, cut from
1.59-mm ( ⁄16-in.) sheet stock to size 50.8 by 25.4 mm (2 by 1
in.).
6.1.3 Brass, conforming to Alloy UNS C26000 (SAE CA
260). Half-hard, cut from 1.59-mm ( ⁄16-in.) sheet stock to
size 50.8 by 25.4 mm (2 by 1 in.).
6.1.4 Solder—A brass specimen as described in 6.1.3,
coated with solder conforming to Alloy Grade 30A (SAE 3A)
of Specification B 32. Solder-coated specimens may be
prepared, or used specimens recoated for reuse, by the proce-
Complete sets or individual metal test specimens are available from (a)
Chemical Specialties Manufacturers Association, Inc., Suite 1120, 1001 Connecticut
Ave., N.W., Washington, DC 20036; (b) Astro-Mechanics, Inc., 8500 Research
Blvd., Austin, TX 78766; (c) The Metaspec Company, P.O. Box 27707, San
Antonio, TX 78227; or (d) Metal Samples Co. Inc., P.O. Box 8, Munford, AL 36268.
UNIFIED numbering system for metals and alloys, SAE-ASTM, July 1995.
Round-robin evaluation of coated solder report is available from ASTM
Headquarters. Request RR:D15-0132. FIG. 2 Metal Specimen Arrangement
D 1384
volume to 1 L by further additions of distilled or deionized water. When
“bundle,” and between the brass and steel specimens. Brass
needed, the water concentrate is diluted to the ratio of one part by volume
spacers shall be used between the brass, solder, and copper
of concentrate to nine parts of distilled or deionized water.
specimens, and steel spacers between the cast iron, steel, and
cast aluminum specimens. The nut shall be tightened firmly to
9. Test Conditions
ensure good electrical contact between the test specimens in
9.1 Beaker Assembly—The arrangement of the assembled
each section of the “bundle.”
metal specimens with relation to the aerator tube and other
6.2.2 Alternate Metal Specimen Arrangement—When
components is shown in Fig. 1. Note that the tip of the
agreed upon between the supplier and the purchaser, an
condenser just emerges from the bottom of the rubber stopper.
alternate metal specimen arrangement may be used to evaluate
9.2 Test Temperature—The test solution shall be maintained
multiple solder alloys, such as high lead Alloy Grade L50113
at a temperature of 88 6 2°C (190 6 5°F) for high-boiling
consisting of 97 % lead, 2.5 % tin, 0.3 % silver, concurrently
engine coolants.
with Standard Alloy Grade 30A or 30B. It is recommended that
9.3 Aeration Rate—The aeration rate shall be 100 6 10
the metal specimen arrangement be modified by replacing the
mL/min. The aerator tube should be located at least 12.7 mm
copper specimen with the high lead solder specimen and
( ⁄2in.) away from the test “bundle” to avoid direct contact with
arranging specimens in the bundle as follows:
the metal specimens.
High Lead Brass Alloy Grade Steel Cast Iron Cast Alumi-
9.4 Test Duration—The test shall be run continuously for 2
Solder 30A or 30B num
weeks (336 h).
Use of alternate specimens and metal specimens arrange-
10. Procedure
ments shall be noted in the test report.
10.1 Make triplicate tests concurrently on each engine
7. Preparation of Test Specimens
coolant solution in accordance with the following procedure:
7.1 Sand the cast iron and cast aluminum specimens on the
10.1.1 Carefully clean the test beaker, condenser, rubber
25.4 by 50.8-mm (1 by 2-in.) cut surfaces with “coarse” grade
stopper, and aerator tube, and thoroughly rinse with water.
(No. 1) emery cloth. Remove any burrs from coupon edges and
10.1.2 Bolt the specimens together in the order given in 6.2
hole. Scrub all specimens vigorously, using a moistened bristle
and place the “bundle” in the test beaker as shown in Fig. 1.
brush and ground pumice powder or fine silicon carbide grit
10.1.3 Pour 750 mL of the prepared test solution into the
until the entire metal area is bright, shiny, and free from any
1000-mL beaker.
visible oxide film or tarnish.
10.1.4 Fit the condenser and aeration tube to the beaker, and
7.2 Rinse the specimens thoroughly with tap water; then
set the aeration rate at 100 mL/min, using a flowmeter or other
rinse with acetone, dry, and weigh to the nearest 1 mg.
suitable device.
10.1.5 Raise the temperature of the test solution to 88°C
NOTE 4—If the test specimens are not to be used immediately, keep
(190°F) for high-boiling engine coolants. Pass water through
them in a desiccator until required.
the condenser at a rate sufficient to maintain adequate cooling.
8. Test Solutions
10.1.6 Check the tests once each working day to ensure
proper solution temperature, aeration rate, and solution level.
8.1 The concentration of the engine coolant to be tested
The tests may operate unattended on weekends and holidays.
shall be as follows:
Make up evaporation losses during the corrosion tests by
8.1.1 Engine Coolant—The engine coolant, EG or PG
addition of distilled or deionized water.
based, shall be mixed with the proper quantity of corrosive
10.1.7 At the end of the test, immediately disassemble
water to give a 33 ⁄3volume % coolant test solution.
specimens and brush very lightly with a soft bristle brush and
8.1.2 Corrosive Water (Note 4)—The corrosive water shall
water to remove loosely held corrosion products. To remove
contain 100 ppm each of sulfate, chloride, and bicarbonate ions
the more tenacious corrosion products and films, the individual
introduced as sodium salts.
specimens shall then be subjected to additional cleaning
8.2 Preparation of Sample—The preparation of the sample
treatments as follows:
shall be done in accordance with the section on Preparation of
10.1.7.1 Iron and Steel—Remove adherent deposits by
Solutions Requiring Inclusion of Separated Solids and Liquids
means of a brass scraper or brass bristle brush, followed by
in Test Method D 1176, except that the corrosive water shall be
scrubbing with a wet bristle brush and fine pumice to clean the
used for dilution instead of distilled water. Thus, any insoluble
specimen completely.
materials will be included in the representative sample.
10.1.7.2 Copper and Brass— Dip in a 1 + 1 mixture of
NOTE 5—The specified corrosive water can be prepared by dissolving
concentrated HCl (sp gr 1.19) and water for 15 s to remove
the following amounts of anhydrous sodium salts in a quanity of distilled
tarnish films, rinse with tap water to remove acid, and scrub
or deionized water.
with a wet bristle brush and fine pumice powder.
sodium sulfate 148 mg
sodium chloride 165 mg
NOTE 6—Caution: HCl is a strong acid. Avoid contact with skin and
sodium bicarbonate 138 mg
eyes. Handle in a fume hood.
The resulting solu
...