ASTM A476/A476M-00(2005)

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Designation: A476/A476M – 00 (Reapproved 2005)
Standard Specification for
,
1 2
Ductile Iron Castings for Paper Mill Dryer Rolls
This standard is issued under the fixed designationA476/A476M; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year
of original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval.
A superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope 3. Terminology
1.1 This specification covers ductile iron castings for use in 3.1 Definitions for many terms common to iron castings are
pressure containing paper mill dryer rolls at temperatures up to found in Terminology A644.
450°F [230°C].
4. Ordering Information
1.2 No precise quantitative relationship can be stated be-
tweenthepropertiesoftheironinvariouslocationsofthesame 4.1 Ordersformaterialpurchasedtotherequirementsofthis
specification should include the following information:
castingorbetweenthepropertiesofacastingandthoseofatest
specimen cast from the same iron (see Appendix X1). 4.1.1 Quantity,
4.1.2 Specification number and date of issue,
1.3 The values stated in either inch-pound units or SI units
are to be regarded separately as standard. Within the text, the 4.1.3 Description of casting by pattern number or drawing,
4.1.4 Heat treatment, if required (see 5.1),
SI units are shown in brackets. The values stated in each
system are not exact equivalents; therefore, each system shall 4.1.5 Type of test coupon (see 9.2),
4.1.6 Certification, if required (see 13.1),
be used independently of the other. Combining values from the
two systems may result in nonconformance with the specifi- 4.1.7 Marking location (see 14.1), and
4.1.8 Additional requirements.
cation.
2. Referenced Documents 5. Heat Treatment
5.1 The castings may be stress relieved at a temperature not
2.1 ASTM Standards:
A644 Terminology Relating to Iron Castings to exceed 1200°F [650°C].
E8 Test Methods for Tension Testing of Metallic Materials
6. Chemical Requirements
E10 Test Method for Brinell Hardness of Metallic Materials
6.1 The castings shall conform to the following chemical
E94 Guide for Radiographic Examination
requirements:
E446 Reference Radiographs for Steel Castings Up to 2 in.
[51 mm] in Thickness Total carbon, min, % 3.0
Silicon, max, % 3.0
Phosphorus, max, % 0.08
Sulfur, max, % 0.05
This specification is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee A04 on Iron
Castings and is the direct responsibility of SubcommitteeA04.02 on Malleable and
6.2 The castings shall have a carbon equivalent of 3.8 to 4.5
Ductile Iron Castings.
inclusive.
Current edition approved Nov. 1, 2005. Published January 2006. Originally
approved in 1962. Last previous edition approved in 2000 as A476/A476M - 00.
NOTE 1—The carbon content equivalent is calculated as follows:
DOI: 10.1520/A0476_A0476M-00R05.
Total carbon + 0.3 (silicon + phosphorus)
For ASME Boiler and Pressure Vessel Code Applications see related Specifi-
cations SA-467 in Section II of that Code.
6.3 The chemical analysis for total carbon shall be made on
For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or
either chilled cast pencil-type specimens or on thin wafers
contact ASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM
approximately ⁄32 in. [0.8 mm] thick, cut from test coupons.
Standards volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on
the ASTM website. Drillings shall not be used due to attendant loss of graphite.
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959, United States.
A476/A476M – 00 (2005)
7. Mechanical Properties
7.1 The iron represented by test coupons shall conform to
tensile requirements prescribed in Table 1.
7.2 The yield strength prescribed in Table 1 may be deter-
mined by any of the approved procedures described in 7.3 of
Test Methods E8.
7.3 The Brinell hardness of the material shall be a minimum
of 201 HB. Hardness tests shall be conducted in accordance
with Test Method E10, using a 3000-kgf load. The test may be
made on either the casting or on a test coupon representing the
casting.
8. Workmanship, Finish, and Appearance
“Y” Block Size
8.1 The castings shall conform to the dimensions on the
For Castings of Thickness For Castings of Thickness
1 1 1
Dimensions ⁄2 in. to 1 ⁄2 in. of 1 ⁄2 in. [40 mm] and
drawings furnished by the purchaser, or if no drawing has been
[12.5-40 mm] Over
provided, to the dimensions predicated by the pattern supplied
in. [mm] in. [mm]
by the purchaser. Surfaces of the castings shall be free of
A 1 [25] 3 [75]
adheringsand.Runners,risers,fins,andotherextraneousmetal
B1 ⁄8 [55] 5 [125]
shall be removed.
C 3 [75] 4 [100]
D 6 [150] 8 [200]
9. Sampling
E 7 [175] 7 [175]
approx approx
9.1 Test coupons shall be poured from the same iron as the
FIG. 1 “Y” Blocks for Test Coupons
castings represented.
9.2 Test coupons shall be cast either to the “Y” block size
and shape shown in Fig. 1 or to the dimensions of the 1-in.
[25-mm] keel block shown in Fig. 2. The type of test coupon
and, when selected, the size of the “Y” block shall be specified
by the purchaser.
9.3 The test coupons shall be cast in open molds made of
suitable core sand with a minimum 1 ⁄2 in. [38 mm] of sand for
the 1-in. [25 mm] size and 3 in. [75 mm] of sand for the 3-in.
[75-mm]size.Thecouponsshallbeleftinthemolduntilblack.
9.4 Table 2 shows the equivalent geometrical shapes with
various dimensions and the equivalent “Y” block, based on
cooling rates, and may be used as a guide for selection of the
proper “Y” block to be specified to represent the casting.
9.5 Whenthecastingsareheattreated,thetestcouponsshall
be heat treated with the castings they represent.
10. Tension Test
10.1 Tension test specimens shall be obtained from test
coupons shown in either Fig. 1 or Fig. 2, and machined to the
dimensions shown in Fig. 3. Test coupons cast as “Y” blocks
(Fig. 1) shall be sectioned as shown in Fig. 4.
NOTE 1—The length of keel block shall be 6 in. [150 mm].
10.2 One tension test shall be performed for each casting.
FIG. 2 Keel Block for Test Coupons
10.3 If any specimen shows defective machining or flaws, it
may be discarded and another substituted from the same
TABLE 2 Equivalent Geometric Shapes Corresponding to “Y”
casting represented.
Blocks
10.4 If an apparently sound test specimen fails to conform
Infinite Plate
“Y” Block Round Diameter, Cube Edge,
Thickness,
to the tensile requirements, two retests may be made. If either
Size, in. [mm] in. [mm] in. [mm]
in. [mm]
retest fails to conform to the requirements specified, the
1 [25] 0.9 [22.5] 1.75 [44] 2.75 [44]
castings shall be rejected.
3 [75] 1.6 [40] 3.1 [78] 4.8 [120]
TABLE 1 Tensile Requirements
Test Coupon Section Thickness 1 in. [25 mm] 3 in. [75 mm]
11. Repairs
Tensile strength, min, ksi [MPa] 80 [555] 80 [555]
11.1 Castings made to this specification that leak on subse-
Yield strength, min, ksi [MPa] 60 [415] 60 [415]
quent hydrostatic testing may be repaired by using threaded
Elongation in 2 in. [50 mm], min, % 3.0 [3.0] 1.0 [1.0]
plugs provided the following requirements are met.
A476/A476M – 00 (2005)
11.1.6 The thickness of any repaired section in relation to
the size of plug used shall be not less than that given in Table
3.
11.1.7 The minimum radius of curvature of the repaired
section of the cylinder in relation to the size of plug used shall
be not less than that given in Table 4.
11.1.8 A repaired area may consist of a maximum of three
plugs with a spacing such that the distance between adjacent
plugs shall not be less t
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