ASTM D4941-06(2021)
(Practice)Standard Practice for Preparing Drawdowns of Artists’ Paste Paints
Standard Practice for Preparing Drawdowns of Artists’ Paste Paints
SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
5.1 Quality standards for artists' paints require the evaluation of various appearance characteristics of paint films. Tinting strength determination (Test Method D4838) specifically requires the preparation of drawdowns for colorimetric measurement. Other evaluations such as color designation, transparency, gloss, and color difference measurements also require drawdown samples.
5.2 Artists’ tube paints have a paste consistency that makes the use of traditional film application methods difficult, especially for drying oil paints.
5.3 Artists' paints vary in two properties important to the preparation of films, that is, transparency and drying time. Colorimetric determination and some other types of evaluation require paint specimens that completely hide the substrate. Very transparent paints require such a thick film to produce complete hiding that drying times is excessively long or the specimen surface is blemished. When complete hiding is necessary, this practice is designed to provide opaque films without these defects through application of a series of thin films.
SCOPE
1.1 This practice covers the production of uniform films of artists’ tube paints and other nonflowing pigmented paints using paint applicators designed for less viscous paints.
1.2 Information on how to achieve opaque specimens from these paints is included.
1.3 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as the standard. The values given in parentheses are for information only.
1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.
1.5 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
General Information
- Status
- Published
- Publication Date
- 31-Oct-2021
- Technical Committee
- D01 - Paint and Related Coatings, Materials, and Applications
- Drafting Committee
- D01.57 - Artist Paints and Related Materials
Relations
- Effective Date
- 01-Jan-2024
- Refers
ASTM E1164-23 - Standard Practice for Obtaining Spectrometric Data for Object-Color Evaluation - Effective Date
- 01-Nov-2023
- Effective Date
- 01-Jul-2016
- Effective Date
- 01-Dec-2014
- Effective Date
- 01-Aug-2012
- Refers
ASTM E1164-12 - Standard Practice for Obtaining Spectrometric Data for Object-Color Evaluation - Effective Date
- 01-Jul-2012
- Refers
ASTM E1164-12e1 - Standard Practice for Obtaining Spectrometric Data for Object-Color Evaluation - Effective Date
- 01-Jul-2012
- Effective Date
- 01-Jun-2011
- Effective Date
- 01-Jan-2011
- Effective Date
- 01-Jun-2010
- Effective Date
- 01-Feb-2010
- Refers
ASTM E1164-09a - Standard Practice for Obtaining Spectrometric Data for Object-Color Evaluation - Effective Date
- 01-Jun-2009
- Refers
ASTM E1164-09 - Standard Practice for Obtaining Spectrometric Data for Object-Color Evaluation - Effective Date
- 15-Feb-2009
- Effective Date
- 01-Jul-2008
- Refers
ASTM E1164-07 - Standard Practice for Obtaining Spectrometric Data for Object-Color Evaluation - Effective Date
- 15-Jul-2007
Overview
ASTM D4941-06(2021): Standard Practice for Preparing Drawdowns of Artists’ Paste Paints provides clear procedures for producing uniform drawdown films of artists’ tube paints and other nonflowing pigmented paints. Developed by ASTM International, this standard supports the precise preparation of paint specimens crucial for the evaluation of color, opacity, gloss, and associated characteristics. The practice addresses unique challenges related to the high viscosity and variable transparency of artists’ paste paints, offering reliable methods for creating specimens suitable for testing and quality assurance in laboratory and manufacturing settings.
Key Topics
- Drawdown Preparation: Guidelines for applying paste-consistency paints in uniform films using drawdown bars, overcoming the limitations of traditional paint applicators designed for less viscous paints.
- Opacity Achievement: Step-by-step procedures for building up multiple thin layers to produce opaque films, especially necessary for highly transparent paints or when complete substrate hiding is required.
- Specimen Handling: Recommendations for proper mixing, application, and drying of paint specimens to ensure accurate appearance evaluations without surface blemishes.
- Evaluation Readiness: Procedures designed to prepare samples for critical analytical tests, such as colorimetric measurements, tinting strength determination, and gloss assessment.
- Safety and Compliance: Emphasis on user responsibility for safety, health, and environmental practices while following the standard, in line with international regulatory principles.
Applications
The ASTM D4941-06(2021) standard practice is essential for professionals and organizations involved in:
- Artists’ Paint Manufacturing: Ensuring consistent quality and batch conformity for paste paints by enabling repeatable evaluation of visual and performance properties.
- Quality Control Laboratories: Preparing standardized drawdowns for colorimetric measurements, tinting strength testing, and assessments of transparency, gloss, and color differences.
- Art Conservation and R&D: Offering reliable sample preparation methods for material research, restoration decision-making, and product development involving artists’ paints.
- Instrumental Analysis: Facilitating spectrometric data collection for object-color evaluation, supporting compliance with international standards and enhancing comparability of results.
Related Standards
For comprehensive evaluation and compatibility, the following standards are often referenced alongside ASTM D4941-06(2021):
- ASTM D4838 - Test Method for Determining the Relative Tinting Strength of Chromatic Paints
- ASTM E1164 - Practice for Obtaining Spectrometric Data for Object-Color Evaluation
- ASTM D16 - Terminology for Paint, Related Coatings, Materials, and Applications
Practical Value
Adhering to ASTM D4941-06(2021) ensures that paint specimens meet the high standards required for objective visual and instrumental evaluation. This standard enables professionals to prepare reliable drawdowns necessary for:
- Accurate quality assurance of artists’ paste paints, including oil and acrylic formulations
- Consistent color measurement and comparison across product batches
- Efficient research and development in paint formulation and testing
- Meeting the growing demands of regulatory and international trade standards for materials assessment
By following this recognized practice, stakeholders maintain consistency, accuracy, and credibility in product evaluation, ensuring that final products meet both artistic and technical specifications.
Buy Documents
ASTM D4941-06(2021) - Standard Practice for Preparing Drawdowns of Artists’ Paste Paints
Frequently Asked Questions
ASTM D4941-06(2021) is a standard published by ASTM International. Its full title is "Standard Practice for Preparing Drawdowns of Artists’ Paste Paints". This standard covers: SIGNIFICANCE AND USE 5.1 Quality standards for artists' paints require the evaluation of various appearance characteristics of paint films. Tinting strength determination (Test Method D4838) specifically requires the preparation of drawdowns for colorimetric measurement. Other evaluations such as color designation, transparency, gloss, and color difference measurements also require drawdown samples. 5.2 Artists’ tube paints have a paste consistency that makes the use of traditional film application methods difficult, especially for drying oil paints. 5.3 Artists' paints vary in two properties important to the preparation of films, that is, transparency and drying time. Colorimetric determination and some other types of evaluation require paint specimens that completely hide the substrate. Very transparent paints require such a thick film to produce complete hiding that drying times is excessively long or the specimen surface is blemished. When complete hiding is necessary, this practice is designed to provide opaque films without these defects through application of a series of thin films. SCOPE 1.1 This practice covers the production of uniform films of artists’ tube paints and other nonflowing pigmented paints using paint applicators designed for less viscous paints. 1.2 Information on how to achieve opaque specimens from these paints is included. 1.3 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as the standard. The values given in parentheses are for information only. 1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use. 1.5 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
SIGNIFICANCE AND USE 5.1 Quality standards for artists' paints require the evaluation of various appearance characteristics of paint films. Tinting strength determination (Test Method D4838) specifically requires the preparation of drawdowns for colorimetric measurement. Other evaluations such as color designation, transparency, gloss, and color difference measurements also require drawdown samples. 5.2 Artists’ tube paints have a paste consistency that makes the use of traditional film application methods difficult, especially for drying oil paints. 5.3 Artists' paints vary in two properties important to the preparation of films, that is, transparency and drying time. Colorimetric determination and some other types of evaluation require paint specimens that completely hide the substrate. Very transparent paints require such a thick film to produce complete hiding that drying times is excessively long or the specimen surface is blemished. When complete hiding is necessary, this practice is designed to provide opaque films without these defects through application of a series of thin films. SCOPE 1.1 This practice covers the production of uniform films of artists’ tube paints and other nonflowing pigmented paints using paint applicators designed for less viscous paints. 1.2 Information on how to achieve opaque specimens from these paints is included. 1.3 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as the standard. The values given in parentheses are for information only. 1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use. 1.5 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
ASTM D4941-06(2021) is classified under the following ICS (International Classification for Standards) categories: 87.060.30 - Solvents. The ICS classification helps identify the subject area and facilitates finding related standards.
ASTM D4941-06(2021) has the following relationships with other standards: It is inter standard links to ASTM D16-24, ASTM E1164-23, ASTM D16-16, ASTM D16-14, ASTM D16-12, ASTM E1164-12, ASTM E1164-12e1, ASTM D16-11a, ASTM D16-11, ASTM D4838-88(2010), ASTM D16-10, ASTM E1164-09a, ASTM E1164-09, ASTM D16-08, ASTM E1164-07. Understanding these relationships helps ensure you are using the most current and applicable version of the standard.
ASTM D4941-06(2021) is available in PDF format for immediate download after purchase. The document can be added to your cart and obtained through the secure checkout process. Digital delivery ensures instant access to the complete standard document.
Standards Content (Sample)
This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the
Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
Designation: D4941 − 06 (Reapproved 2021)
Standard Practice for
Preparing Drawdowns of Artists’ Paste Paints
This standard is issued under the fixed designation D4941; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope 3.2 Definitions of Terms Specific to This Standard:
3.2.1 drawdown, n—alayerofpaintdepositedonasubstrate
1.1 This practice covers the production of uniform films of
by use of a drawdown bar for the evaluation of paint charac-
artists’ tube paints and other nonflowing pigmented paints
teristics.
using paint applicators designed for less viscous paints.
3.2.2 drawdown bar, n—a metal applicator with a specified
1.2 Information on how to achieve opaque specimens from
gap designed to deposit a wet paint film uniformly on a
these paints is included.
specified test panel (for example, an opacity chart) or other
1.3 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as the
substrate.
standard. The values given in parentheses are for information
only.
4. Summary of Practice
1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the
4.1 The paint is spread over the area of the test panel to be
safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the
covered by the drawdown and the bar is pulled down with
responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-
pressure just sufficient to avoid lifting of the bar from the chart
priate safety, health, and environmental practices and deter-
surface.
mine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.
4.2 Test panels are allowed to dry in a dust-free environ-
1.5 This international standard was developed in accor-
ment.
dance with internationally recognized principles on standard-
4.3 If complete hiding (opacity) is needed and not produced
ization established in the Decision on Principles for the
Development of International Standards, Guides and Recom- by a single paint film, a second film is applied at a 90° angle to
the first. If required, additional layers may be applied using a
mendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical
Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee. narrower drawdown bar.
2. Referenced Documents
5. Significance and Use
2.1 ASTM Standards:
5.1 Quality standards for artists’ paints require the evalua-
D16 TerminologyforPaint,RelatedCoatings,Materials,and
tion of various appearance characteristics of paint films.
Applications
Tinting strength determination (Test Method D4838) specifi-
D4838 Test Method for Determining the Relative Tinting
cally requires the preparation of drawdowns for colorimetric
Strength of Chromatic Paints
measurement. Other evaluations such as color designation,
E1164 PracticeforObtainingSpectrometricDataforObject-
transparency, gloss, and color difference measurements also
Color Evaluation
require drawdown samples.
5.2 Artists’tube paints have a paste consistency that makes
3. Terminology
the use of traditional film application methods difficult, espe-
3.1 Definitions—See Terminology D16 for definitions of
cially for drying oil paints.
terms used in this practice.
5.3 Artists’ paints vary in two properties important to the
preparation of films, that is, transparency and drying time.
This practice is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D01 on Paint and
Colorimetric determination and some other types of evaluation
Related Coatings, Materials, and Applications and is the direct responsibility of
require paint specimens that completely hide the substrate.
Subcommittee D01.57 on Artist Paints and Related Materials.
Very transparent paints require such a thick film to produce
Current edition approved Nov. 1, 2021. Published November 2021. Originally
complete hiding that drying times is excessively long or the
approved in 1989. Last previous edition approved in 2016 as D4941 – 06 (2016).
DOI: 10.1520/D4941-06R21.
specimen surface is blemished. When complete hiding is
For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or
necessary, this practice is designed to provide opaque films
contact ASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM
without these defects through application of a series of thin
Standards volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on
the ASTM website. films.
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor
...




Questions, Comments and Discussion
Ask us and Technical Secretary will try to provide an answer. You can facilitate discussion about the standard in here.
Loading comments...