ASTM B153-22
(Test Method)Standard Test Method for Expansion (Pin Test) of Copper and Copper-Alloy Pipe and Tubing
Standard Test Method for Expansion (Pin Test) of Copper and Copper-Alloy Pipe and Tubing
SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
5.1 When properly performed and interpreted, the expansion pin test will provide information with regard to the capacity of a tube for expansion and to reveal surface defects. The expansion pin test may provide data for research and development, engineering design, quality control, and acceptance or rejections in specifications.
5.2 In certain product specifications which establish requirements for tubes of sizes greater than 4 in. (102 mm), the test described in Test Method B968/B968M may be allowed as a substitute.
SCOPE
1.1 This test method establishes the requirements for the expansion pin test for copper and copper-alloy pipe and tubing with an inside diameter of 0.125 in. (3.2 mm) and greater or an outside diameter up to and including 4 in. (102 mm).
Note 1: For tubes of sizes with an inside diameter less than 0.125 in. (3.2 mm), a substitute test method must be agreed upon between the manufacturer and purchaser.
Note 2: For tubes of sizes greater than 4 in. (102 mm) in outside diameter, refer to B968/B968M for a test method.
1.2 Units—The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regarded as standard. The values given in parentheses are mathematical conversions to SI units that are provided for information only and are not considered standard.
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.
1.4 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
General Information
- Status
- Published
- Publication Date
- 30-Apr-2022
- Technical Committee
- B05 - Copper and Copper Alloys
- Drafting Committee
- B05.06 - Methods of Test
Relations
- Effective Date
- 01-Aug-2019
- Effective Date
- 01-Jan-2019
- Effective Date
- 01-Jun-2011
- Effective Date
- 01-Jan-2011
- Refers
ASTM B968/B968M-10 - Standard Test Method for Flattening of Copper and Copper-Alloy Pipe and Tube - Effective Date
- 01-Apr-2010
- Effective Date
- 15-Nov-2009
- Effective Date
- 01-Nov-2009
- Refers
ASTM B968/B968M-09 - Standard Test Method for Flattening of Copper and Copper-Alloy Pipe and Tube - Effective Date
- 15-Oct-2009
- Effective Date
- 15-Nov-2006
- Effective Date
- 15-May-2006
- Effective Date
- 01-Nov-2005
- Effective Date
- 10-May-2001
- Effective Date
- 10-May-2001
- Effective Date
- 10-May-2001
Overview
ASTM B153-22, titled Standard Test Method for Expansion (Pin Test) of Copper and Copper-Alloy Pipe and Tubing, specifies a standard procedure for determining the expandability and surface integrity of copper and copper-alloy pipes and tubes using the expansion (pin) test. Developed by ASTM International, this widely recognized method helps identify the material’s ability to undergo expansion without failure and to detect surface defects. The test is essential for manufacturing quality assessment, design engineering, and compliance with product specifications for copper pipe and tubing.
Key Topics
Test Applicability:
- Covers copper and copper-alloy pipe and tubing with inside diameters of 0.125 in. (3.2 mm) and greater or outside diameters up to and including 4 in. (102 mm).
- Alternative or substitute test methods are referenced for tubing outside these size ranges.
Test Method Summary:
- The test specimen is expanded over a conical pin at a uniform speed or pressure.
- The amount of expansion is measured on the tube’s outside diameter as prescribed in relevant product specifications.
- Visual examination checks for the presence of surface defects after expansion.
Significance and Use:
- Provides valuable data for research and development, engineering design, quality control, and acceptance or rejection decisions during manufacturing.
- Helps ensure pipe and tube materials meet the required deformation and surface quality criteria.
Reporting Requirements:
- Test reports typically include date, sample identification, reference to the test method, number of test pieces, test results (pass/fail), and notes on any observed material features.
Applications
- Quality Control in Manufacturing:
- The expansion pin test is widely used by producers of copper and copper-alloy piping and tubing to assess materials during production and before delivery to clients.
- Engineering and Design Validation:
- Applying ASTM B153-22 ensures that copper products can be reliably expanded during installation or use, confirming mechanical suitability for demanding environments.
- Specification Compliance:
- Supports procurement and acceptance processes by verifying that supplied materials meet required expansion and defect-free criteria outlined in specifications.
- Research and Development:
- Provides a reproducible test method for evaluating new alloys or processing techniques involving copper piping and tubes.
Related Standards
- ASTM B846 - Terminology for Copper and Copper Alloys: Provides definitions relevant to copper materials and testing.
- ASTM B968/B968M - Test Method for Flattening of Copper and Copper-Alloy Pipe and Tube: Offers an alternative method applicable especially for tubes with diameters beyond the scope of ASTM B153-22.
- Compliance with the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee principles ensures global acceptance.
Keywords: ASTM B153, copper pipe test, copper-alloy tubing, expansion pin test, quality control, pipe surface defects, copper standards, piping specification compliance.
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Frequently Asked Questions
ASTM B153-22 is a standard published by ASTM International. Its full title is "Standard Test Method for Expansion (Pin Test) of Copper and Copper-Alloy Pipe and Tubing". This standard covers: SIGNIFICANCE AND USE 5.1 When properly performed and interpreted, the expansion pin test will provide information with regard to the capacity of a tube for expansion and to reveal surface defects. The expansion pin test may provide data for research and development, engineering design, quality control, and acceptance or rejections in specifications. 5.2 In certain product specifications which establish requirements for tubes of sizes greater than 4 in. (102 mm), the test described in Test Method B968/B968M may be allowed as a substitute. SCOPE 1.1 This test method establishes the requirements for the expansion pin test for copper and copper-alloy pipe and tubing with an inside diameter of 0.125 in. (3.2 mm) and greater or an outside diameter up to and including 4 in. (102 mm). Note 1: For tubes of sizes with an inside diameter less than 0.125 in. (3.2 mm), a substitute test method must be agreed upon between the manufacturer and purchaser. Note 2: For tubes of sizes greater than 4 in. (102 mm) in outside diameter, refer to B968/B968M for a test method. 1.2 Units—The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regarded as standard. The values given in parentheses are mathematical conversions to SI units that are provided for information only and are not considered standard. 1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use. 1.4 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
SIGNIFICANCE AND USE 5.1 When properly performed and interpreted, the expansion pin test will provide information with regard to the capacity of a tube for expansion and to reveal surface defects. The expansion pin test may provide data for research and development, engineering design, quality control, and acceptance or rejections in specifications. 5.2 In certain product specifications which establish requirements for tubes of sizes greater than 4 in. (102 mm), the test described in Test Method B968/B968M may be allowed as a substitute. SCOPE 1.1 This test method establishes the requirements for the expansion pin test for copper and copper-alloy pipe and tubing with an inside diameter of 0.125 in. (3.2 mm) and greater or an outside diameter up to and including 4 in. (102 mm). Note 1: For tubes of sizes with an inside diameter less than 0.125 in. (3.2 mm), a substitute test method must be agreed upon between the manufacturer and purchaser. Note 2: For tubes of sizes greater than 4 in. (102 mm) in outside diameter, refer to B968/B968M for a test method. 1.2 Units—The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regarded as standard. The values given in parentheses are mathematical conversions to SI units that are provided for information only and are not considered standard. 1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use. 1.4 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
ASTM B153-22 is classified under the following ICS (International Classification for Standards) categories: 23.040.15 - Non-ferrous metal pipes. The ICS classification helps identify the subject area and facilitates finding related standards.
ASTM B153-22 has the following relationships with other standards: It is inter standard links to ASTM B846-19a, ASTM B846-19, ASTM B846-11a, ASTM B846-11, ASTM B968/B968M-10, ASTM B846-09a, ASTM B846-09, ASTM B968/B968M-09, ASTM B846-06a, ASTM B846-06, ASTM B846-05, ASTM B846-01e1, ASTM B846-01, ASTM B846-99e1. Understanding these relationships helps ensure you are using the most current and applicable version of the standard.
ASTM B153-22 is available in PDF format for immediate download after purchase. The document can be added to your cart and obtained through the secure checkout process. Digital delivery ensures instant access to the complete standard document.
Standards Content (Sample)
This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the
Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
Designation: B153 − 22
Standard Test Method for
Expansion (Pin Test) of Copper and Copper-Alloy Pipe and
Tubing
This standard is issued under the fixed designation B153; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
This standard has been approved for use by agencies of the U.S. Department of Defense.
1. Scope* 3. Terminology
1.1 This test method establishes the requirements for the 3.1 For definitions of terms related to copper and copper
expansion pin test for copper and copper-alloy pipe and tubing alloys, refer to Terminology B846.
with an inside diameter of 0.125 in. (3.2 mm) and greater or an
4. Summary of Test Method
outside diameter up to and including 4 in. (102 mm).
4.1 The prepared test specimen is expanded over a conical
NOTE 1—For tubes of sizes with an inside diameter less than 0.125 in.
pin inserted at a uniform speed or pressure. The expansion of
(3.2 mm), a substitute test method must be agreed upon between the
manufacturer and purchaser.
the test specimen shall be measured on the outside of the tube
NOTE 2—For tubes of sizes greater than 4 in. (102 mm) in outside
diameter and shall conform to the product specification.
diameter, refer to B968/B968M for a test method.
5. Significance and Use
1.2 Units—The values stated in inch-pound units are to be
regarded as standard. The values given in parentheses are
5.1 When properly performed and interpreted, the expan-
mathematical conversions to SI units that are provided for
sion pin test will provide information with regard to the
information only and are not considered standard.
capacity of a tube for expansion and to reveal surface defects.
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the The expansion pin test may provide data for research and
safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the development, engineering design, quality control, and accep-
responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro- tance or rejections in specifications.
priate safety, health, and environmental practices and deter-
5.2 Incertainproductspecificationswhichestablishrequire-
mine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.
ments for tubes of sizes greater than 4 in. (102 mm), the test
1.4 This international standard was developed in accor-
described in Test Method B968/B968M may be allowed as a
dance with internationally recognized principles on standard-
substitute.
ization established in the Decision on Principles for the
Development of International Standards, Guides and Recom-
6. Apparatus
mendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical
6.1 Pin—The conical pin shall have an included angle of
Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
60°, unless provided otherwise in the product specification.
The pin shall be made of carbide or tool steel that has been
2. Referenced Documents
hardened and ground to the prescribed angle and shall have a
2.1 ASTM Standards:
smooth, polished surface. The size of the pin at the base shall
B846 Terminology for Copper and Copper Alloys
be suitable for the size of tubing being tested.
B968/B968M Test Method for Flattening of Copper and
6.2 Testing Machine—Any type of testing machine, either
Copper-Alloy Pipe and Tube
hydraulically or mechanically operated, that will exert pressure
to expand the pipe and tubing on the pin at a uniform rate.
This test method is under the jurisdiction ofASTM Committee B05 on Copper
7. Sampling and Test Specimen Preparation
and Copper Alloys and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee B05.06 on
Methods of Test.
7.1 The test specimen shall be prescribed in the specifica-
Current edition approved May 1, 2022. Published May 2022. Originally
tion for the product being tested. In the event that a test
approved in 1941. Last previous edition approved in 2017 as B153-11 (2017). DOI:
10.1520/B0153-22.
specimen size is not prescribed in the pipe or tube
For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or
specification, the specimen shall be of suitable length so that it
contact ASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM
can be expanded to the required amount. Both ends shall either
Standards volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on
the AST
...
This document is not an ASTM standard and is intended only to provide the user of an ASTM standard an indication of what changes have been made to the previous version. Because
it may not be technically possible to adequately depict all changes accurately, ASTM recommends that users consult prior editions as appropriate. In all cases only the current version
of the standard as published by ASTM is to be considered the official document.
Designation: B153 − 11 (Reapproved 2017) B153 − 22
Standard Test Method for
Expansion (Pin Test) of Copper and Copper-Alloy Pipe and
Tubing
This standard is issued under the fixed designation B153; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
This standard has been approved for use by agencies of the U.S. Department of Defense.
1. Scope*
1.1 This test method establishes the requirements for the expansion pin test for copper and copper-alloy pipe and tubing with an
inside diameter of 0.125 in. (3.2 mm) and greater or an outside diameter up to and including 4 in. (102 mm).
NOTE 1—For tubes of sizes with an inside diameter less than 0.125 in. (3.2 mm), a substitute test method must be agreed upon between the manufacturer
and purchaser.
NOTE 2—For tubes of sizes greater than 4 in. (102 mm) in outside diameter, refer to B968/B968M for a test method.
1.2 Units—The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regarded as standard. The values given in parentheses are mathematical
conversions to SI units that are provided for information only and are not considered standard.
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility
of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety safety, health, and healthenvironmental practices and determine the
applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.
1.4 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization
established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued
by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
2. Referenced Documents
2.1 ASTM Standards:
B846 Terminology for Copper and Copper Alloys
B968/B968M Test Method for Flattening of Copper and Copper-Alloy Pipe and Tube
3. Terminology
3.1 For definitions of terms related to copper and copper alloys, refer to Terminology B846.
This test method is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee B05 on Copper and Copper Alloys and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee B05.06 on Methods
of Test.
Current edition approved April 1, 2017May 1, 2022. Published April 2017May 2022. Originally approved in 1941. Last previous edition approved in 20112017 as B153-11.
-11 (2017). DOI: 10.1520/B0153-11R17.10.1520/B0153-22.
For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or contact ASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM Standards
volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on the ASTM website.
*A Summary of Changes section appears at the end of this standard
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States
B153 − 22
4. Summary of Test Method
4.1 The prepared test specimen is expanded over a conical pin inserted at a uniform speed or pressure. The expansion of the test
specimen shall be measured on the outside of the tube diameter and shall conform to the product specification.
5. Significance and Use
5.1 When properly performed and interpreted, the expansion pin test will provide information with regard to the capacity of a tube
for expansion and to reveal surface defects. The expansion pin test may provide data for research and development, engineering
design, quality control, and acceptance or rejections in specifications.
5.2 In certain product specifications which establish requirements for tubes of sizes greater than 4 in. (102 mm), the test described
in Test Method B968/B968M may be allowed as a substitute.
6. Apparatus
6.1 Pin—The conical pin shall have an included angle of 60°, unless provided otherwise in the product specification. The pin shall
be made of carbide or tool steel that has been hardened and ground to the prescribed angle and shall have a smooth, polished
surface. The size of the pin at the base shall be suitable for the size of tubing being tested.
6.2 Testing Machine—Any type of testing machine, either hydraulically or mechanically operated, that will exert pressure to
expand the pipe and tubing on the pin at a uniform rate.
7. Sampling and Test Specimen Preparation
7.1 The test specimen shall be p
...
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