ASTM D7270-07(2013)

NOTICE: This standard has either been superseded and replaced by a new version or withdrawn.
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Designation:D7270 −07 (Reapproved 2013)
Standard Guide for
Environmental and Performance Verification of Factory-
Applied Liquid Coatings
This standard is issued under the fixed designation D7270; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope B499 Test Method for Measurement of Coating Thicknesses
by the Magnetic Method: Nonmagnetic Coatings on
1.1 Thisguideprovidesagenerictestingproceduretoverify
Magnetic Basis Metals
the air pollution-prevention characteristics and basic properties
D522 Test Methods for Mandrel Bend Test of Attached
of liquid coatings applied to metal, plastic, wood, or composite
Organic Coatings
substrates in a factory/manufacturing environment. Thus it
D523 Test Method for Specular Gloss
may be used to evaluate these liquid coatings to verify their
D1729 Practice for Visual Appraisal of Colors and Color
volatile organic compound (VOC) and organic hazardous air
Differences of Diffusely-Illuminated Opaque Materials
pollutant (HAP) content as well as basic performance proper-
D1735 Practice for Testing Water Resistance of Coatings
ties.
Using Water Fog Apparatus
1.2 This guide is adapted from a procedure used by the US
D2244 Practice for Calculation of Color Tolerances and
Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) to establish third
Color Differences from Instrumentally Measured Color
partyverificationofthephysicalpropertiesandperformanceof
Coordinates
coatings that have potential to reduce air emissions. The data
D2369 Test Method for Volatile Content of Coatings
from the verification testing is available on the internet at the
D2794 Test Method for Resistance of Organic Coatings to
EPA’s Environmental Technology Verification (ETV) Program
the Effects of Rapid Deformation (Impact)
website (http://www.epa.gov/etv/centers/center6.html) under
D3359 Test Methods for Measuring Adhesion by Tape Test
the “P2 Innovative Coatings and Coating Equipment Pilot.”
D3363 Test Method for Film Hardness by Pencil Test
1.3 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as the D3792 Test Method forWater Content of Coatings by Direct
standard. The values given in parentheses are for information Injection Into a Gas Chromatograph
D3960 PracticeforDeterminingVolatileOrganicCompound
only.
(VOC) Content of Paints and Related Coatings
1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the
D4017 Test Method for Water in Paints and Paint Materials
safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the
by Karl Fischer Method
responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-
D4060 Test Method for Abrasion Resistance of Organic
priate safety and health practices and to determine the
Coatings by the Taber Abraser
applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.
D4457 Test Method for Determination of Dichloromethane
and 1,1,1-Trichloroethane in Paints and Coatings by
2. Referenced Documents
Direct Injection into a Gas Chromatograph
2.1 ASTM Standards:
D5402 Practice for Assessing the Solvent Resistance of
B117 Practice for Operating Salt Spray (Fog) Apparatus
Organic Coatings Using Solvent Rubs
D5767 Test Methods for Instrumental Measurement of
Distinctness-of-Image Gloss of Coating Surfaces
This guide is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D01 on Paint and
D6133 Test Method for Acetone, p-Chlorobenzotrifluoride,
Related Coatings, Materials, and Applications and is the direct responsibility of
Methyl Acetate or t-Butyl Acetate Content of Solvent-
Subcommittee D01.55 on Factory Applied Coatings on Preformed Products.
borne and Waterborne Paints, Coatings, Resins, and Raw
CurrenteditionapprovedJune1,2013.PublishedJuly2013.Originallyapproved
Materials by Direct Injection Into a Gas Chromatograph
in 2007. Last previous edition approved in 2007 as D7270 – 07. DOI: 10.1520/
D7270-07R13.
D6438 Test Method for Acetone, Methyl Acetate, and
For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or
Parachlorobenzotrifluoride Content of Paints, and Coat-
contact ASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM
ings by Solid Phase Microextraction-Gas Chromatogra-
Standards volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on
the ASTM website. phy
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D7270−07 (2013)
D6695 Practice for Xenon-Arc Exposures of Paint and offertheabilitytotestprocessesandproductsonrepresentative
Related Coatings commercial equipment. The coating application equipment in
D6886 TestMethodforDeterminationoftheWeightPercent the test facility should be available for the pilot-scale testing
Individual Volatile Organic Compounds in Waterborne performed in this guide (for example, surface pretreatment,
Air-Dry Coatings by Gas Chromatography powder coating, electrocoating, wet spray, and conventional
2.2 EPA Methods forced-air and infrared ovens, as applicable). Layouts of an
EPAMethod 24 Surface Coatings (Determination ofVolatile example of an approved test facility are shown in Appendix
Matter Content, Water Content, Density, Volume Solids, X1,Figs.X1.1andX1.2,respectively.Examplesofthevarious
and Weight Solids of Surface Coatings) testing laboratories and their representative equipment hold-
EPAMethod 311 HAPS in Paints and Coatings (Analysis of ings that are relevant to the approved test facility verification
Hazardous Air Pollutant Compounds in Paints and Coat- projects are listed in Table X1.1.
ings by Direct Injection Into a Gas Chromatograph)
4.2 A test plan, referred to as a Testing and Quality
AssuranceProtocol(T/QAP),willbeestablishedtoprovidethe
3. Significance and Use
testing details that are dependent upon the specific liquid
3.1 The primary objective of this verification guide is to
coating being tested. Some general guidelines and procedures
determine the “air pollution-prevention potential” (possible
can be applied to each T/QAP. These include:
reduction in VOC or HAPemissions) of factory-applied liquid
4.2.1 A detailed description of each part of the test will be
coatings.
provided. The selection of tests to be performed, test details,
3.2 The overall objective of this guide is to verify the above
evaluation methods and acceptance criteria are defined by the
pollution-prevention characteristics and basic performance
end use requirements of the coating. These details should be
characteristics of liquid coating technologies. Use of this guide
incorporatedintoatestplanthatisuniquetoeachcoating.This
can increase acceptance of more environmentally friendly
will include a detailed design of experiments and a schematic
technologies for product finishing with an accompanying
diagram of testing to be performed.
reduction in emissions to the atmosphere. The specific objec-
4.2.2 Critical and noncritical factors will be listed. Noncriti-
tivesofthisguideareto(1)quantifytheVOCandHAPcontent
cal factors will remain constant throughout the testing. Critical
ofliquidcoatingsand(2)verifythebasicqualityanddurability
factors will be listed as control (process) factors or response
performance of these coatings.
(coating product quality) factors.
4.2.3 The T/QAP will identify the testing site.
3.3 The primary criteria for verification of liquid coatings
4.2.4 Regardless of where the testing is performed, the
will be:
approved test facility will ensure that the integrity of third-
3.3.1 Confirm that use of the coating will significantly
party testing is maintained.
reduce VOC and HAP content or emissions (or both) during
4.2.5 Regardless of where the testing is performed, the
application or cure, or both.
Quality Assurance (QA) portion of the guide will be strictly
3.3.2 Confirm that the coating can provide an acceptable
adhered to.
finish (appearance, hardness, flexibility, etc.) for the intended
4.2.6 A statistically significant number of samples will be
end use.
analyzed for each critical response factor (see Table 1).
3.4 The test results from this guide can provide to potential
Variances (or standard deviations) of each critical response
users the best data available to determine whether the coating
factor will be reported for all results.
will provide a pollution-prevention benefit while meeting the
4.3 The test facility will be selected and must meet the
finish quality requirements for its intended use. This guide
standards of the individual T/QAP and the test facility’s
intends to supply end users with unbiased technical data to
Quality Management Plan (QMP). Example QMPs can be
assist them in this decision-making process.
found at the ETV Website (http://epa.gov/etv). Testing person-
3.5 The quantitative air pollution-prevention potential de-
nelwilldocumentallcriticalandnoncriticalcontrolfactorsand
pends on a multitude of factors; therefore, the liquid coatings
qualitative noncritical control factors.
are to be applied in accordance with the coating vendor’s
instructions and the resulting verification data reflect only the
5. Procedure
specific conditions of the test. To quantify the environmental
5.1 Test Approach—The following approach for verification
benefit (air pollution-prevention potential), a test to quantify
of coating performance will be used in the test protocol:
the VOC or HAP emissions from the new liquid coatings will
5.1.1 Determine the performance parameters to be verified.
be conducted and compared to data for existing coatings
5.1.2 Choose a standard test panel (and possibly other
typically used in the target industry.
items) that will enable thorough testing of coating perfor-
mance.
4. Testing Site
5.1.3 Select the test coating and the optimum equipment
4.1 To accelerate the transition of environmentally friendly
settings for application and curing based on information
processes to the manufacturing base, the test facility should
furnished by the coating manufacturer.
5.1.4 Complete the verification test.
US EPA, Office of Air Quality Planning and Standards (OAQPS), TTN EMC
5.1.5 Analyze the results using a statistically valid test
Webmaster (C304-03), Research Triangle Park, NC 27711(website, www.epa.gov/
ttn/emc). program that efficiently accomplishes the required objectives.
D7270−07 (2013)
TABLE 1 Critical Response Factors (5 Panels per Test)
Total Number of Data
Critical Response Factor Measurement Location Frequency
Points
Environmental
Volatile Organic Compound (VOC) See 5.9 5 samples from liquid coating lot to be used 5
Content of liquid coating during test
Hazardous Air Pollutant (HAP) See 5.9 5 samples from liquid coating lot to be used 5
Content of liquid coating during test
Quality/Durability (Mandatory)
Dry Film Thickness (DFT) From B499 (magnetic) 9 points on 1 standard test panel per run 45
Visual Appearance Entire test panel and entire rack 1 standard test panel per run and 1 per test 6
Quality/Durability (Optional)
Gloss From D523 3 points on 1 standard test panel per run 15
A
Color From D1729 1 randomly selected panel per run, 1 test 5
per panel
A
Color From D2244 1 randomly selected panel per run, 1 test 5
per panel
B
Distinctness of Image (DOI) From D5767 Test Method B 1 randomly selected panel per run, 3 tests 15
per panel
C
Adhesion From D3359 1 randomly selected panel per run, 1 test 5
per panel
C
Pencil Hardness From D3363 1 randomly selected panel per run, 1 test 5
per panel
Salt Spray From B117 1 randomly selected panel per run, 1 test 5
per panel
Impact From D2794 1 randomly selected panel per run, 1 test 5
per panel
Flexibility (Mandrel Bend) From D522 1 randomly selected panel per run, 1 test 5
per panel
MEK Rub From D5402 1 randomly selected panel per run, 1 test 5
per panel
Humidity Resistance From D1735 1 sample per test 5
D
Artificial Weathering Resistance From D6695 3 samples per test 15
Abrasion Resistance From D4060 1 sample per test 5
A
Both color analyses with the same panel.
B
Except that the sliding combed shutter is replaced by a rotating eight-bladed disk.
C
The adhesion and pencil hardness tests will be performed on the same panel as the DFT test.
D
Practice D6695 provides a description of procedures for operating the artificial weathering device. It does not indicate the duration of exposure or the physical property
tests required to determine accelerated weathering resistance. These will be specified in the test plan for each liquid coating.
5.2 Verification Test Objectives—The objectives of the veri- pollution) over coatings currently in use in the liquid coating’s
fication tests performed using this guide are to determine the target industry. It should be considered as an “innovative
VOC and HAP content and to verify the basic quality and
coating.”
durability characteristics of selected liquid coatings. In
5.4.2 The coating vendor will supply its test coating and
addition, the VOC and HAP emissions generated during the
respective specifications for the verification test program. The
curing of the coating may be checked using an agreed upon
coating vendor will also supply a sufficient amount of coating
methodfordeterminingthoseemissions.Thecoatedtestpanels
materialtocompletetheverificationtests,theexactpreparation
will be checked for dry film thickness (DFT), visual
instructions, and the application parameters. The application
appearance, and at least three of the following performance
procedures and conditions must by representative of real world
attributes: gloss, color, distinctness-of-image (DOI), adhesion,
processes in the target industry.
corrosion resistance, impact resistance, flexibility, hardness,
humidity resistance, weather resistance, wear resistance, and 5.5 Standard Coating Application Apparatus:
resistance to methyl ethyl ketone (MEK). The tests may be
5.5.1 This guide outlines the default application apparatus
selected based on the end use of the coating.
to be used for liquid coating verification tests. The default
application method atomizes the liquid coating via automated
5.3 Standard Test Panel—The actual test panels may be
spray application equipment.The information contained in this
fabricated from steel, stainless steel, glass, plastic, alloys,
guide describes a standard apparatus setup for verification tests
wood,composite,orothersubstratebasedontheliquidcoating
conducted at the test facility.
vendor’s recommendations for the target industry. The default
standard test panels will be cold-rolled steel, 30.5 cm (12 in.) 5.5.2 The coating vendor will determine the operating
long and 10.2 cm (4 in.) wide with a 0.6-cm (0.25-in.) hole in
parameters of the spray equipment (for examp
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