ASTM D7905/D7905M-19
(Test Method)Standard Test Method for Determination of the Mode II Interlaminar Fracture Toughness of Unidirectional Fiber-Reinforced Polymer Matrix Composites
Standard Test Method for Determination of the Mode II Interlaminar Fracture Toughness of Unidirectional Fiber-Reinforced Polymer Matrix Composites
SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
5.1 Susceptibility to delamination is one of the major design concerns for many advanced laminated composite structures. Knowledge of a laminated composite material’s resistance to interlaminar fracture is useful for product development and material selection. Furthermore, a measurement of the mode II interlaminar fracture toughness that is independent of specimen geometry or method of force introduction is useful for establishing design allowables used in damage tolerance analyses of composite structures. Knowledge of both the non-precracked and precracked toughnesses allows the appropriate value to be used for the application of interest.
5.2 This test method can serve the following purposes:
5.2.1 To establish quantitatively the effect of fiber surface treatment, local variations in fiber volume fraction, and processing and environmental variables on GIIc of a particular composite material;
5.2.2 To compare quantitatively the relative values of GIIc for composite materials with different constituents;
5.2.3 To compare quantitatively the values of GIIc obtained from different batches of a specific composite material, for example, to use as a material screening criterion or to develop a design allowable; and
5.2.4 To develop delamination failure criteria for composite damage tolerance and durability analyses.
SCOPE
1.1 This test method covers the determination of the mode II interlaminar fracture toughness, GIIc, of unidirectional fiber-reinforced polymer matrix composite laminates under mode II shear loading using the end-notched flexure (ENF) test (Fig. 1).
FIG. 1 ENF Test Fixture and Specimen Nomenclature
1.2 This method is limited to use with composites consisting of unidirectional carbon-fiber- and glass-fiber-reinforced laminates. This limited scope reflects the experience gained in round robin testing. This test method may prove useful for other types and classes of composite materials; however, certain interferences have been noted (see Section 6).
1.3 The values stated in either SI units or inch-pound units are to be regarded separately as standard. The values stated in each system are not necessarily exact equivalents; therefore, to ensure conformance with the standard, each system shall be used independently of the other, and values from the two systems shall not be combined.
1.3.1 Within the text the inch-pound units are shown in brackets.
1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.
1.5 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
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Designation: D7905/D7905M − 19
Standard Test Method for
Determination of the Mode II Interlaminar Fracture
Toughness of Unidirectional Fiber-Reinforced Polymer
1
Matrix Composites
This standard is issued under the fixed designation D7905/D7905M; the number immediately following the designation indicates the
year of original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last
reapproval. A superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope mendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical
Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
1.1 ThistestmethodcoversthedeterminationofthemodeII
interlaminar fracture toughness, G , of unidirectional fiber-
IIc
2. Referenced Documents
reinforced polymer matrix composite laminates under mode II
2
2.1 ASTM Standards:
shearloadingusingtheend-notchedflexure(ENF)test(Fig.1).
D792 Test Methods for Density and Specific Gravity (Rela-
1.2 Thismethodislimitedtousewithcompositesconsisting
tive Density) of Plastics by Displacement
of unidirectional carbon-fiber- and glass-fiber-reinforced lami-
D883 Terminology Relating to Plastics
nates. This limited scope reflects the experience gained in
D2584 Test Method for Ignition Loss of Cured Reinforced
round robin testing. This test method may prove useful for
Resins
other types and classes of composite materials; however,
D2734 TestMethodsforVoidContentofReinforcedPlastics
certain interferences have been noted (see Section 6).
D3171 Test Methods for Constituent Content of Composite
1.3 The values stated in either SI units or inch-pound units Materials
D3878 Terminology for Composite Materials
are to be regarded separately as standard. The values stated in
D5229/D5229M TestMethodforMoistureAbsorptionProp-
each system are not necessarily exact equivalents; therefore, to
erties and Equilibrium Conditioning of Polymer Matrix
ensure conformance with the standard, each system shall be
Composite Materials
used independently of the other, and values from the two
D5687/D5687M Guide for Preparation of Flat Composite
systems shall not be combined.
Panels with Processing Guidelines for Specimen Prepara-
1.3.1 Within the text the inch-pound units are shown in
brackets. tion
D7264/D7264M Test Method for Flexural Properties of
1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the
Polymer Matrix Composite Materials
safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the
E4 Practices for Force Verification of Testing Machines
responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-
E6 Terminology Relating to Methods of Mechanical Testing
priate safety, health, and environmental practices and deter-
E122 Practice for Calculating Sample Size to Estimate,With
mine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.
Specified Precision, the Average for a Characteristic of a
1.5 This international standard was developed in accor-
Lot or Process
dance with internationally recognized principles on standard-
E177 Practice for Use of the Terms Precision and Bias in
ization established in the Decision on Principles for the
ASTM Test Methods
Development of International Standards, Guides and Recom-
E456 Terminology Relating to Quality and Statistics
E691 Practice for Conducting an Interlaboratory Study to
1
This test method is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D30 on
Composite Materials and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee D30.06 on
2
Interlaminar Properties. For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or
Current edition approved March 15, 2019. Published June 2019. Originally contact ASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM
approved in 2014. Last previous edition approved in 2014 as D7905/D7905M – 14. Standards volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on
DOI: 10.1520/D7905_D7905M-19. the ASTM website.
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States
1
---------------------- Page: 1 ----------------------
D7905/D7905M − 19
FIG. 1 ENF Test Fixture and Specimen Nomenclature
2
Determine the Precision of a Test Method 3.2.3 non-precracked (NPC) toughness [M/T ]—an inter-
E1309 Guide for Identification of Fiber-Reinforced laminar fracture toughness value that is determined from the
Polymer-Matrix Composite Materials in Databases (With- preimplanted insert.
3
2
drawn 2015)
3.2.4 precracked (PC) toughness [M/T ]—an interlaminar
E1434 Guide for Recording Mechanical Test Data of Fiber-
fracture toughness value that is determined after the delamina-
ReinforcedCompositeMaterialsinDatabases(Withdrawn
tion has been advanced from the preimplanted insert.
3
2015)
2
3.2.5 strainenergyreleaserate,G[M/T ]—thelossofstrain
E1471 Guide for
...
This document is not an ASTM standard and is intended only to provide the user of an ASTM standard an indication of what changes have been made to the previous version. Because
it may not be technically possible to adequately depict all changes accurately, ASTM recommends that users consult prior editions as appropriate. In all cases only the current version
of the standard as published by ASTM is to be considered the official document.
Designation: D7905/D7905M − 14 D7905/D7905M − 19
Standard Test Method for
Determination of the Mode II Interlaminar Fracture
Toughness of Unidirectional Fiber-Reinforced Polymer
1
Matrix Composites
This standard is issued under the fixed designation D7905/D7905M; the number immediately following the designation indicates the
year of original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last
reapproval. A superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope
1.1 This test method describescovers the determination of the mode II interlaminar fracture toughness, G , of unidirectional
IIc
fiber-reinforced polymer matrix composite laminates under mode II shear loading using the end-notched flexure (ENF) test (Fig.
1).
1.2 This method is limited to use with composites consisting of unidirectional carbon-fiber- and glass-fiber-reinforced laminates.
This limited scope reflects the experience gained in round robin testing. This test method may prove useful for other types and
classes of composite materials; however, certain interferences have been noted (see Section 6).
1.3 The values stated in either SI units or inch-pound units are to be regarded separately as standard. The values stated in each
system mayare not benecessarily exact equivalents; therefore, to ensure conformance with the standard, each system shall be used
independently of the other. Combiningother, and values from the two systems may result in non-conformance with the
standard.shall not be combined.
1.3.1 Within the text the inch-pound units are shown in brackets.
1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility
of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety safety, health, and healthenvironmental practices and determine the
applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.
1.5 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization
established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued
by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
2. Referenced Documents
2
2.1 ASTM Standards:
D792 Test Methods for Density and Specific Gravity (Relative Density) of Plastics by Displacement
D883 Terminology Relating to Plastics
D2584 Test Method for Ignition Loss of Cured Reinforced Resins
D2734 Test Methods for Void Content of Reinforced Plastics
D3171 Test Methods for Constituent Content of Composite Materials
D3878 Terminology for Composite Materials
D5229/D5229M Test Method for Moisture Absorption Properties and Equilibrium Conditioning of Polymer Matrix Composite
Materials
D5687/D5687M Guide for Preparation of Flat Composite Panels with Processing Guidelines for Specimen Preparation
D7264/D7264M Test Method for Flexural Properties of Polymer Matrix Composite Materials
E4 Practices for Force Verification of Testing Machines
E6 Terminology Relating to Methods of Mechanical Testing
E18 Test Methods for Rockwell Hardness of Metallic Materials
1
This test method is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D30 on Composite Materials and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee D30.06 on Interlaminar
Properties.
Current edition approved Oct. 1, 2014March 15, 2019. Published November 2014June 2019. Originally approved in 2014. Last previous edition approved in 2014 as
D7905/D7905M – 14. DOI: 10.1520/D7905_D7905M-1410.1520/D7905_D7905M-19.
2
For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or contact ASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM Standards
volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on the ASTM website.
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States
1
---------------------- Page: 1 ----------------------
D7905/D7905M − 19
FIG. 1 ENF Test Fixture and Specimen Nomenclature
E122 Practice for Calculating Sample Size to Estimate, With Specified Precision, the Average for a Characteristic of a Lot or
Process
E177 Practice for Use of the Terms Precision and Bias in ASTM Test Methods
E456 Terminology Relating to Quality and Statistics
E691 Practice for Conducting an Interlaboratory Study to Determine the Precision of a Test Method
3
E1309 Guide for Identification of Fiber-Reinforced Polymer-Matrix Composite Materials in Databases (
...
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