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ASTM D4635-01

(Specification)

Standard Specification for Polyethylene Films Made from Low-Density Polyethylene for General Use and Packaging Applications

Standard Specification for Polyethylene Films Made from Low-Density Polyethylene for General Use and Packaging Applications

SCOPE
1.1 This specification covers unpigmented, unsupported, low-density polyethylene films (hereafter referred to as film or films) from Class I polyethylenes per Specification D4976. Note 1-The density of a film will not necessarily be equal to the density of a molded plaque from the same resin.
Note 2-Blends of ethylene/vinylacetate (EVA) with low-density polyethylene may have densities up to 0.929 g/cm.
1.2 This specification is applicable to homopolymer polyethylene, but is not restricted to it. It is applicable to films made from copolymer, and also applicable to films made from blends of homopolymers and copolymers, including ethylene/vinylacetate copolymers.  
1.3 The thickness of the films covered by this specification is 100 µm or less (0.004 in. or less), inclusive. The maximum width of the sheet or layflat is 3.00 m (120 in.).  
1.4 This specification does not cover oriented heat-shrinkable films.
1.5 This specification allows for the use of recycled polyethylene film or resin as feedstock, in whole or in part, as long as all of the requirements of this specification are met and as long as any specific requirements as governed by the producer and end user are also met. (See Note 3.) Note 3-Guide D5033 describes terminology and definitions related to recycled plastics.
1.6 This specification defines the levels of the various physical properties from which specifications for specific films may be described. The levels of physical properties required by a film for a given application are selected from Section 6. However, Sections 2 - 5 relating to tolerances shall apply without change to all film falling within the scope indicated by the title and 1.1 - 1.4.  
1.7 This specification covers dimensional tolerances, classifications, intrinsic quality requirements, and test methods. The dimensional tolerances include thickness, width, and length or yield. Classification defines types, classes, surfaces, and finishes. The intrinsic quality requirements include density, workmanship, tensile strength, heat sealability, and odor, as well as the classification properties for impact strength, coefficient of friction, optical properties, and surface treatment. A sampling method is included.  
1.8 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as the standard. The values given in parentheses are for information only.  
1.9 The following precautionary caveat pertains only to the test methods portion, Section 10, of this specification: This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.  Note 4-There is no similar or equialent ISO specification.

General Information

Status
Historical
Publication Date
09-Jun-2001
ICS
83.140.10 - Films and sheets
Technical Committee
D20 - Plastics
Drafting Committee
D20.19 - Film, Sheeting, and Molded Products
Current Stage
Ref Project

Relations

Replaces
ASTM D4635-95 - Standard Specification for Polyethylene Films Made from Low-Density Polyethylene for General Use and Packaging Applications
Effective Date
10-Jun-2001
Replaced By
ASTM D4635-08 - Standard Specification for Polyethylene Films Made from Low-Density Polyethylene for General Use and Packaging Applications
Effective Date
15-Jan-2008

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ASTM D4635-01 - Standard Specification for Polyethylene Films Made from Low-Density Polyethylene for General Use and Packaging ApplicationsASTM D4635-01 - Standard Specification for Polyethylene Films Made from Low-Density Polyethylene for General Use and Packaging Applications
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ASTM D4635-01 - Standard Specification for Polyethylene Films Made from Low-Density Polyethylene for General Use and Packaging Applications
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NOTICE: This standard has either been superseded and replaced by a new version or withdrawn.
Contact ASTM International (www.astm.org) for the latest information
Designation: D 4635 – 01
Standard Specification for
Polyethylene Films Made from Low-Density Polyethylene for
1
General Use and Packaging Applications
This standard is issued under the fixed designation D 4635; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (e) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope length or yield. Classification defines types, classes, surfaces,
andfinishes.Theintrinsicqualityrequirementsincludedensity,
1.1 This specification covers unpigmented, unsupported,
workmanship, tensile strength, heat sealability, and odor, as
low-density polyethylene films (hereafter referred to as film or
well as the classification properties for impact strength, coef-
films) from Class 1 polyethylenes per Specification D 4976.
ficient of friction, optical properties, and surface treatment. A
NOTE 1—The density of a film will not necessarily be equal to the
sampling method is included.
density of a molded plaque from the same resin.
1.8 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as the
NOTE 2—Blendsofethylene/vinylacetate(EVA)withlow-densitypoly-
3 standard. The values given in parentheses are for information
ethylene may have densities up to 0.929 g/cm .
only.
1.2 This specification is applicable to homopolymer poly-
1.9 The following precautionary caveat pertains only to the
ethylene,butisnotrestrictedtoit.Itisapplicabletofilmsmade
test methods portion, Section 10, of this specification: This
from polyethylene copolymers, and also applicable to films
standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns,
made from blends of homopolymers and copolymers, includ-
if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user
ing ethylene/vinylacetate copolymers.
of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health
1.3 The thickness of the films covered by this specification
practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limita-
is 100 µm or less (0.004 in. or less), inclusive. The maximum
tions prior to use.
width of the sheet or layflat is 3.00 m (120 in.).
NOTE 4—There is no similar or equivalent ISO specification.
1.4 This specification does not cover oriented heat-
shrinkable films.
2. Referenced Documents
1.5 This specification allows for the use of recycled poly-
2
2.1 ASTM Standards:
ethylene film or resin as feedstock, in whole or in part, as long
D 618 Practice for Conditioning Plastics for Testing
as all of the requirements of this specification are met and as
D 882 Test Methods for Tensile Properties of Thin Plastic
long as any specific requirements as governed by the producer
Sheeting
and end user are also met. (See Note 3.)
D 883 Terminology Relating to Plastics
NOTE 3—Guide D 5033 describes terminology and definitions related
D 1003 Test Method for Haze and Luminous Transmittance
to recycled plastics.
of Transparent Plastics
1.6 This specification defines the levels of the various
D 1505 Test Method for Density of Plastics by the Density-
physical properties from which specifications for specific films
Gradient Technique
maybedescribed.Thelevelsofphysicalpropertiesrequiredby
D 1709 Test Methods for Impact Resistance of Plastic Film
a film for a given application are selected from Section 6.
by the Free-Falling Dart Method
However, Sections 2-5 relating to tolerances shall apply
D 1894 Test Method for Static and Kinetic Coefficients of
without change to all film falling within the scope indicated by
Friction of Plastic Film and Sheeting
the title and 1.1-1.4.
D 2103 Specification for Polyethylene Film and Sheeting
1.7 This specification covers dimensional tolerances, clas-
D 2457 TestMethodforSpecularGlossofPlasticFilmsand
sifications, intrinsic quality requirements, and test methods.
Solid Plastics
The dimensional tolerances include thickness, width, and
D 2578 Test Method for Wetting Tension of Polyethylene
and Polypropylene Films
D 4321 Test Method for Package Yield of Plastic Film
1
This specification is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D20 on
Plastics and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee D20.19 on Film and
Sheeting.
Current edition refers to resin density, not film density; it also has a revised
2
For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or
section for inspection and certification.
contact ASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM
Current edition approved June 10, 2001. Published August 2001. Originally
Standards volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on
published as D 4635 – 86. Last previous edition D 4635 – 95.
the ASTM website.
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA
...

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This specification covers polyethylene sheeting with a determined thickness intended for construction, industrial and agricultural applications. The sheeting shall be made from polyethylene or modified polyethylene, such as an ethylene copolymer consisting of a major portion of ethylene in combination with a minor portion of some other monomer, or a mixture of polyethylene with a lesser amount of other polymers. General requirements for the material are also observed according to their appearance, dimensions in size and tolerance and minimum net weight. The sheeting may be natural, color-tinted, translucent or opaque. The tests given are intended primarily for use as production tests in conjunction with manufacturing processes and inspection methods to insure conformity of sheeting with the requirements of this specification. These tests shall be done in order to determine the following properties: thickness, length and width, weight, impact resistance, tensile properties, reflectance, luminous transmittance, water vapor transmission, and heat sealability.
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ASTM D4272/D4272M-23(Test Method)
Standard Test Method for Total Energy Impact of Plastic Films by Dart Drop

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
5.1 Evaluation of the impact toughness of film is important in predicting the performance of a material in applications such as packaging, construction, and other uses. The test simulates the action encountered in applications where moderate-velocity blunt impacts occur in relatively small areas of film.  
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SCOPE
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Note 2: This test method and ISO 7765–2 address the same subject matter, but differ in technical content (and results cannot be directly compared between the two test methods). The ISO test method calls for a direct readout of energy by using a load cell as part of the impactor head, while Test Method D4272 calls for a constant weight impactor, then measuring the time of travel through a given distance to get energy values.
FIG. 1 Elements of an Instrumented Dart Drop System
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4.1 The attribute of clarity of a sheet, measured by its ability to transmit image-forming light, correlates with its regular transmittance. Sensitivity to differences improves with decreasing incident beam- and receptor-angle. If the angular width of the incident beam and of the receptor aperture (as seen from the specimen position) are of the order of 0.1° or less, sheeting of commercial interest have a range of transparency of about 10 to 90 % as measured by this test. Results obtained by the use of this test method are greatly influenced by the design parameters of the instruments; for example, the resolution is largely determined by the angular width of the receptor aperture. Caution should therefore be exercised in comparing results obtained from different instruments, especially for samples with low regular transmittance.  
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ASTM D1922-23(Test Method)
Standard Test Method for Propagation Tear Resistance of Plastic Film and Thin Sheeting by Pendulum Method

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
4.1 This test method is of value in ranking relative tearing resistance of various plastic films and thin sheeting of comparable thickness. Experience has shown the test to have its best reliability on relatively less extensible films and sheeting. Variable elongation and oblique tearing effects on the more extensible films preclude its use as a precise production-control tool for these types of plastics. This test method should be used for specification acceptance testing only after it has been demonstrated that the data for the particular material are acceptably reproducible. This test method should be used for service evaluation only after its usefulness for the particular application has been demonstrated with a number of different films.  
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1.1 This test method2 covers the determination of the average force to propagate tearing through a specified length of plastic film or nonrigid sheeting after the tear has been started, using an Elmendorf-type tearing tester. Two specimens are cited, a rectangular type, and one with a constant radius testing length. The latter shall be the preferred or referee specimen.  
1.2 Because of (1) difficulties in selecting uniformly identical specimens, (2) the varying degree of orientation in some plastic films, and (3) the difficulty found in testing highly extensible or highly oriented materials, or both, the reproducibility of the test results may be variable and, in some cases, not good or misleading. Provisions are made in the test method to address oblique directional tearing which may be found with some materials.  
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Standard Test Method for Wetting Tension of Polyethylene and Polypropylene Films

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5.1 When a drop of liquid rests on the surface of a solid, and a gas is in contact with both, the forces acting at the interfaces must balance. These forces can be represented by surface energies acting in the direction of the surfaces and it follows that:
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5.1.2 When the gas is air saturated with vapors of the liquid, γGL will be the surface tension of the liquid. If the angle of contact is 0° the liquid is said to just wet the surface of the solid, and in this particular case (since cos θ = 1) the wetting tension of the solid will be equal to the surface tension of the liquid.  
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1.1 This test method covers the measurement of the wetting tension of a polyethylene or polypropylene film surface in contact with drops of specific test solutions in the presence of air.  
1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. The values given in parentheses are mathematical conversions to inch-pound units that are provided for information only and are not considered standard.
Note 1: This test method and the specified reagents were specifically developed for polyethylene and polypropylene films. It is possible to utilize this test method and the specified reagents for films composed of other polymers, but this can affect the surface energies of the gas-liquid and solid-liquid interfaces, which will affect the contact angle and wetting tension. The applicability and significance for use of non-polyolefin materials must be established by the user.  
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Note 2: This test method is equivalent to ISO 8296.  
1.4 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

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ASTM D2291/D2291M-22(Practice)
Standard Practice for Fabrication of Ring Test Specimens for Glass-Resin Composites

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4.1 This practice provides a uniform procedure for fabricating glass fiber/thermoset resin ring samples for use as test specimens. Specimens so prepared can be used in Test Methods D2290 and D2344/D2344M.
SCOPE
1.1 This practice is intended for use in the fabrication of ring-type test specimens to be used in the evaluation of the mechanical properties of reinforcement and resins in a composite structure. The practice outlines the steps in the preparation of the test specimens, including the final specimen machining where applicable. Three final ring configurations are included.  
1.2 The values stated in either SI units or inch-pound units are to be regarded separately as standard. The values stated in each system may not be exact equivalents; therefore, each system shall be used independently of the other. Combining values from the two systems may result in nonconformance with the standard.  
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.
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4.1 The purpose of this test method is to obtain the diffuse light transmittance factor of both flat and corrugated translucent building panels by the use of simple apparatus and by employing as a light source a combination of fluorescent tubes whose energy distribution closely approximates CIE Source C.
SCOPE
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1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as the standard. The values given in the parentheses are for information only.  
1.3 The text of this standard references notes and footnotes which provide explanatory material. These notes and footnotes (excluding those in Tables and Figures) shall not be considered as requirements of this standard.  
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Note 1: There is no known ISO equivalent to this standard.  
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ASTM D4551-22(Specification)
Standard Specification for Poly(Vinyl Chloride) (PVC) Plastic Flexible Concealed Water-Containment Membrane

ABSTRACT
This specification covers poly(vinyl chloride) flexible sheeting which is used without mastic, bedding, or coating for construction of concealed water containment membranes that include fountains, pools, planters, shower and safe pans, tile tubs, or similar wet installations where the membrane is inaccessible once the construction is complete. The plastic materials shall meet the inherent viscosity and compound density requirements and shall be subjected to tests that have been selected to be conducted primarily with liquids that simulate the environment to which the membrane will be subjected during actual use. Qualification tests shall be performed wherein the sheeting shall conform to the following physical property requirements: thickness; stress-strain properties such as tensile strength, tensile stress at elongation, and elongation at break; tear resistance; pinholes; microorganism resistance; puncture resistance; indentation resistance; folding resistance; chemical resistance to distilled water, soapy water, or alkali; hydrostatic pressure resistance; shrinkage; and volatile loss.
SCOPE
1.1 This specification covers poly(vinyl chloride) (PVC) flexible sheeting which is used without mastic, bedding, or coating for construction of concealed water-containment-membranes in applications where there is potential for costly secondary damage from water leakage and very long-term reliable performance is essential. Examples are fountains, pools, planters, shower and safe pans, tile tubs, or similar wet installations where the membrane is inaccessible once the construction is complete. Included are requirements for materials and sheeting, test methods, workmanship criteria, and methods of marking.  
1.2 Recycled materials may be used in this product in accordance with the requirements in Section 5.  
1.3 The tests are intended to ensure quality and performance and are not intended for design purposes. Tests have been selected to be conducted primarily with liquids that simulate the environment to which the membrane will be subjected during actual use.  
1.4 This specification does not cover water-containment membranes exposed to ultraviolet light.  
1.5 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regarded as the standard. The values given in parentheses are for information only.  
1.6 There is no known ISO equivalent to this standard.  
1.7 The following precautionary caveat pertains only to the test method portion, Section 11, of this specification: This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.  
1.8 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

  • Technical specification
    9 pages
    English language
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  • Technical specification
    9 pages
    English language
    sale 15% off