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ASTM D3884-01e1

(Guide)

Standard Guide for Abrasion Resistance of Textile Fabrics (Rotary Platform, Double-Head Method)

Standard Guide for Abrasion Resistance of Textile Fabrics (Rotary Platform, Double-Head Method)

SCOPE
1.1 This guide covers the determination of the abrasion resistance of textile fabrics using the rotary platform, double-head tester (RPDH).
Note 1—Other procedures for measuring the abrasion resistance of textile fabrics are given in Test Methods D 3885, D 3886, D 1775, D 4158, D 4966, and AATCC 61.
1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard: the values in English units are provided as information only and are not exact equivalents.
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety problems, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.

General Information

Status
Historical
Publication Date
09-Sep-2001
ICS
59.080.30 - Textile fabrics
Technical Committee
D13 - Textiles
Drafting Committee
D13.60 - Fabric Physical Test Methods B
Current Stage
Ref Project

Relations

Replaces
ASTM D3884-01 - Standard Guide for Abrasion Resistance of Textile Fabrics (Rotary Platform, Double-Head Method)
Effective Date
10-Sep-2001
Replaced By
ASTM D3884-01(2007) - Standard Guide for Abrasion Resistance of Textile Fabrics (Rotary Platform, Double-Head Method)
Effective Date
01-Mar-2007
Referred By
ASTM D3181-15(2019) - Standard Guide for Conducting Wear Tests on Textiles
Effective Date
10-Sep-2001
Referred By
ASTM G195-22 - Standard Guide for Conducting Wear Tests Using a Rotary Platform Abraser
Effective Date
10-Sep-2001
Referred By
ASTM D3885-07A(2019)e1 - Standard Test Method for Abrasion Resistance of Textile Fabrics (Flexing and Abrasion Method)
Effective Date
10-Sep-2001
Referred By
ASTM D3886-22 - Standard Test Method for Abrasion Resistance of Textile Fabrics (Inflated Diaphragm Apparatus)
Effective Date
10-Sep-2001
Referred By
ASTM F715-07(2023) - Standard Test Methods for Coated Fabrics Used for Oil Spill Control and Storage
Effective Date
10-Sep-2001
Referred By
ASTM D4158-08(2020) - Standard Guide for Abrasion Resistance of Textile Fabrics (Uniform Abrasion)
Effective Date
10-Sep-2001
Referred By
ASTM D4966-22 - Standard Test Method for Abrasion Resistance of Textile Fabrics (Martindale Abrasion Tester Method)
Effective Date
10-Sep-2001
Referred By
ASTM D4850-23 - Standard Terminology Relating to Fabrics and Fabric Test Methods
Effective Date
10-Sep-2001
Referred By
ASTM D4685/D4685M-15(2020) - Standard Test Method for Pile Fabric Abrasion
Effective Date
10-Sep-2001
Referred By
ASTM F3258-21 - Standard Specification for Protectors for Rubber Insulating Gloves Meeting Specific Performance Requirements
Effective Date
10-Sep-2001
Referred By
ASTM F2704-17a - Standard Specification for Air-Fed Protective Ensembles
Effective Date
10-Sep-2001
Referred By
ASTM D4157-13(2022) - Standard Test Method for Abrasion Resistance of Textile Fabrics (Oscillatory Cylinder Method)
Effective Date
10-Sep-2001
Referred By
ASTM E3109-18 - Standard Specification for Protective Gloves Worn by Law Enforcement and Corrections Officers
Effective Date
10-Sep-2001

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ASTM D3884-01e1 - Standard Guide for Abrasion Resistance of Textile Fabrics (Rotary Platform, Double-Head Method)ASTM D3884-01e1 - Standard Guide for Abrasion Resistance of Textile Fabrics (Rotary Platform, Double-Head Method)
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ASTM D3884-01e1 - Standard Guide for Abrasion Resistance of Textile Fabrics (Rotary Platform, Double-Head Method)
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NOTICE: This standard has either been superseded and replaced by a new version or withdrawn.
Contact ASTM International (www.astm.org) for the latest information
e1
Designation:D3884–01
Standard Guide for
Abrasion Resistance of Textile Fabrics (Rotary Platform,
1
Double-Head Method)
This standard is issued under the fixed designation D 3884; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (e) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1
e NOTE—The figures were corrected editorially in January 2002.
1. Scope D 4966 Test Method for Abrasion Resistance of Textile
Fabrics (Martindale Abrasion Tester)
1.1 This guide covers the determination of the abrasion
D 5034 Test Method for Breaking Strength and Elongation
resistance of textile fabrics using the rotary platform, double-
of Textile Fabrics (Grab Test)
head tester (RPDH).
D 5035 Test Method for Breaking Force and Elongation of
NOTE 1—Other procedures for measuring the abrasion resistance of
Textile Fabrics (Strip Method)
textile fabrics are given in Test Methods D 3885, D 3886, D 1775,
2.2 Other Documents:
D 4158, D 4966, and AATCC 61.
3
AATCC 93 Impeller Tumble Method
1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as
standard: the values in English units are provided as informa- 3. Terminology
tion only and are not exact equivalents.
3.1 Definitions:
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the
3.1.1 abrasion, n—the wearing away of any part of a
safety problems, if any, associated with its use. It is the
material by rubbing against another surface.
responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-
3.1.2 abrasion cycle, n—in abrasion testing, one or more
priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-
movements of the abradant across a material surface, or the
bility of regulatory limitations prior to use.
material surface across the abradant, that permits a return to its
starting position.
2. Referenced Documents
3.1.2.1 Discussion—The abrasion cycle is dependent on the
2
2.1 ASTM Standards:
programmed motions of the abrasion machine and the test
D 123 Terminology Relating to Textiles
standard used. It may consist of one back-and-forth unidirec-
D 1775 Test Method for Abrasion Resistance of Textile
tionalmovementsuchasfortherotaryplatformtestmethod,or
Fabrics(OscillatoryCylinderandUniformAbrasionMeth-
a combination of both such as for the inflated diaphragm test
ods)
method. For the oscillatory cylinder abrasion method, an
D 1776 Practice for Conditioning and Testing Textiles
abrasion cycle consists of one circular movement of the
D 3885 Test Method for Abrasion Resistance of Textile
specimen.
Fabrics (Flexing and Abrasion Method)
3.1.3 breaking force, n—the maximum force applied to a
D 3886 Test Method for Abrasion Resistance of Textile
material carried to rupture. (Compare breaking point, breaking
Fabrics (Inflated Diaphragm Method)
strength).
D 4158 Test Method for Abrasion Resistance of Textile
3.2 For definitions of other textile terms used in this test
Fabrics (Uniform Abrasion Method)
method, refer to Terminology D 123.
4. Summary of Test Method
1
This guide is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D13 on Textiles and
4.1 Aspecimenisabradedusingrotaryrubbingactionunder
is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee D13.60 on Fabric Test Methods,
Specific. controlled conditions of pressure and abrasive action. The test
Current edition approved Sept. 10, 2001. Published November 2001. Originally
specimen, mounted on a platform, turns on a vertical axis,
published as D 3884 – 80. Discontinued January 2001 and reinstated as
against the sliding rotation of two abrading wheels. One
D 3884 – 01. Last previous edition D 3884 – 80.
2
For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or
contact ASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM
3
Standards volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on Available from American Association of Textile Chemists and Colorists, P.O.
the ASTM website. Box 12215, Research Triangle Park, NC 27709.
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959, United States.
1

---------------------- Page: 1 ----------------------
e1
D3884–01
abrading wheel rubs the specimen outward toward the periph- one of several factors contributing to wear performance or
ery and the other, inward toward the center. The resulting durability as experienced in the actual use of the material.
abrasion marks form a pattern of crossed arcs over an area of While “abrasion resistance” (often stated in terms of the
2
approximately 30 cm . Resistance to abrasion is evaluated by number of cycles on a specified machine, using a specified
various means which are described in Section 12. technique to produc
...

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5.1 Acceptance Testing—This method of testing fabrics for resistance to pilling is not recommended for acceptance testing. If it is used for acceptance testing, it should be used with caution because the between-laboratory precision is poor. In some cases the purchaser and the supplier may have to test a commercial shipment of one or more specific materials by the best available test method, even though the test method is not recommended for acceptance testing.  
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SCOPE
1.1 This test method covers the determination of the propensity of a fabric to form pills and other related surface changes on textiles using the random tumble pilling tester. The procedure is generally applicable to all types of woven and knitted apparel fabrics.  
Note 1: For other test methods for the pilling resistance of textiles, refer to Test Methods D3511/D3511M, D3514/D3514M, and D4970/D4970M.  
1.2 Some fabrics that have been treated with a silicone resin may not be satisfactorily tested by this procedure because the silicone resin may transfer onto the cork liners in the test chamber and cause erroneous results.  
1.3 The values stated in either SI units or inch-pound units are to be regarded separately as standard. The values stated in each system may not be exact equivalents; therefore, each system shall be used independently of the other. Combining values from the two systems may result in non-conformance with the standard.  
1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.  
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Standard Test Method for Pilling Resistance and Other Related Surface Changes of Textile Fabrics: Martindale Tester

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5.1 Acceptance Testing—This method of testing fabrics resistance to pilling is not recommended for acceptance testing. If it is used for acceptance testing, it should be used with caution because interlaboratory data are not available. In some cases the purchaser or supplier may have to test a commercial shipment of one or more specific materials by the best available method even though the method has not been recommended for acceptance testing. Although this test method is not recommended for acceptance testing, it is useful because it is used widely outside the United States.  
5.2 If there is a disagreement arising from differences in values reported by the purchaser and the supplier when using this test method, the statistical bias, if any, between the laboratory of the purchaser and the laboratory of the supplier should be determined with comparison being based on testing specimens randomly drawn from one sample of material of the type being evaluated. Competent statistical assistance is recommended for the investigation of bias. A minimum of two parties should take a group of test specimens, which are as homogeneous as possible and which are from a lot of material of the type in question. The test specimens then should be assigned randomly in equal numbers to each laboratory for testing. The average test results from the two laboratories should be compared using an acceptable statistical protocol and probability level chosen by the two parties before the testing is started. Appropriate statistical disciplines for comparing data must be used when the purchaser and supplier cannot agree. If a bias is found, either its cause must be found and corrected, or the purchaser and the supplier must agree to interpret future results with consideration for the known bias.  
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1.1 This test method covers the determination of the resistance to the formation of pills and other related surface changes on textile fabrics using the Martindale tester.
Note 1: For other methods, if testing the pilling resistance of textiles, refer to Test Methods D3511/D3511M, D3512/D3512M, and D3514.  
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1.3 The fabric may be laundered or dry cleaned before testing as agreed upon among interested parties.  
1.4 The values stated in either SI units or inch-pound units are to be regarded separately as standard. The values stated in each system may not be exact equivalents; therefore, each system shall be used independently of the other. Combining values from the two systems may result in non-conformance with the standard.  
1.5 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.  
1.6 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

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ASTM
ASTM D4966-22(Test Method)
Standard Test Method for Abrasion Resistance of Textile Fabrics (Martindale Abrasion Tester Method)

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
5.1 Acceptance Testing—this test method is not considered satisfactory for acceptance testing of commercial shipments of fabric. The between-laboratory precision of this test method is poor and, because of the nature of abrasion testing itself, technicians frequently fail to obtain results in agreement on the same type of testing instrument, both within and between laboratories. Although this test method is not recommended for acceptance testing, it is useful because it is used widely, especially outside the United States.  
5.1.1 In case of a dispute arising from differences in reported test results when using this test method for acceptance testing of commercial shipments, the purchaser and the supplier should conduct comparative tests to determine if there is a statistical bias between their laboratories. Competent statistical assistance is recommended for the investigation of bias. As a minimum, the two parties should take a group of test specimens that are as homogeneous as possible and that are from a lot of material of the type in question. The test specimens then should be assigned randomly in equal numbers to each laboratory for testing. The average results from the two laboratories should be compared using Students t-test for unpaired data and an acceptable probability level chosen by the two parties before the testing is begun. If a bias is found, either its cause must be found and corrected or the purchaser and the supplier must agree to interpret future test results in light of the known bias.  
5.2 The resistance to abrasion also is affected greatly by the conditions of the tests, such as the nature of abradant; variable action of the abradant over the area of specimen abraded, the tension on the specimen, the pressure between the specimen and abradant, and the dimensional changes in the specimen.  
5.3 Abrasion tests are all subject to variation due to changes in the abradant during specific tests. The abradant must be changed accordingly at freque...
SCOPE
1.1 This test method covers the determination of the abrasion resistance of textile fabrics using the Martindale abrasion tester. The method is generally applicable to knit, woven, and nonwoven fabrics; however, material thickness may limit suitability for testing due to specimen holder capacity.  
1.2 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regarded as standard. The values given in parentheses are mathematical conversions to SI units that are provided for information only and are not considered standard.  
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.
Note 1: For other current test methods of testing the abrasion resistance of textiles refer to Test Methods D3884, D3885, D3886, D4157, D4158, and AATCC TM93.  
1.4 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

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